One or three divisions (a surname, a teacher, a Pacific Insurance) or three fairs (Qiu, Situ,)
These three departments were mature in the Western Zhou Dynasty. They are all elders of the clan and are responsible for guiding, assisting and supervising the king. Protect, protect its body; Fu, Fu Qideyi; Classes for teachers and guides. "Being a teacher is the foundation of governance" (Dai). Li San Ben played a comprehensive guiding role when the monarch was young or immature. If non-moral merits are lofty, they are not in place, so it is better to be short. In the Tang Dynasty, it was transformed into an empty position with a high reputation, but it did not actually exercise its power and was not an honorary position among its subordinates.
Second, the merger of three provinces (Zhongshu, Menxia, Shangshu)
The central administrative organs also include other provinces, temples, prisons and other departments, but these three are the most important.
Zhongshu province is an organ that is subject to the highest order to formulate and launch various government decrees. Zhongshu province-headquarters. These decrees were called "imperial edicts" in the Tang Dynasty. Although it was published in the name of the emperor, it was not drawn up by the emperor, but by Zhongshu Province. The procedure is as follows: The Sheren of Zhongshu drafted several imperial edicts, which were called "Five Flowers Examining Matters", and then one was selected by Zhongshu Ling (the governor of Zhongshu Province) or Zhongshu Assistant Minister (the adjutant of Zhongshu Province), which was slightly polished and became a formal imperial edict, and then the emperor drew a word to become an emperor's decree, and finally the Xiamen Provincial Decree was issued. The chief official of Zhongshu Province is Zhongshuling, and the deputy chief official is Zhongshu Assistant Minister. Under its jurisdiction: Zhongshu Sheren, Right Sanqi Changshi, Right Jianyi Doctor, Right Vacancy, Right Interpretation, Living Sheren, Jixian Hall and History Museum (Institute).
The province under the door is the deliberation organ of government decrees and various documents. Province under the door-comments. The imperial edict issued by Zhongshu Province must be reviewed at this point. If the audit fails, it will be endorsed by the official who has the right to refute and returned to the Chinese book province, which means that it is required to redraw the Chinese book province. If it passes the examination, it needs the signature of the assistant (governor) or assistant minister (provincial adjutant), and the imperial edict takes effect, and then it is issued to the ministers of various ministries for implementation. In the Tang Dynasty, it was considered illegal for the emperor to directly give orders not to seal books or doors. The provincial governor is the assistant, and the deputy chief is the assistant. Under its jurisdiction: Busch Gong, Zuo Qi Chang Shi, Zuo Jian Doctor, Zuo Bu que, Zuo Shi Yi, Residence, Chengmenlang, Fubaolang and Hong Wen Pavilion (institutions, in charge of books, etiquette and system evolution, etc. ).
Shangshu Province is the highest executive body, executing various laws and regulations. Shangshu province-execution. The governor of Shangshu Province was called Shangshuling, and Li Shimin held this position before he became emperor, so no courtiers dared to be Shangshuling again, and they were often empty. The real power of Shangshu Province lies in its adjutant, named Left and Right Servant Shooting. The left servant shoots officials, households and rituals, and the right servant shoots soldiers, punishments and workers. Each of the six departments has four divisions, and * * * has twenty-four divisions. The chief official of Shangshu Province is Shangshuling, and the deputy chief officials are left and right servants. Each of the six departments has a senior minister, a right assistant minister and a deputy chief executive.
1) Official Department-responsible for the selection, appointment, removal, promotion and assessment of officials. Subordinate officials include the principal, the history of the order, the history of the book order, the history of the library order, the director of the library, and the palm.
2) Household Department-in charge of household registration, economy and finance. Subordinate officials are in charge, making history, writing history, planning history and grasping the facts.
3) Ritual Department-in charge of etiquette, sacrifice, imperial examinations, schools, education, etc.
4) Ministry of War-responsible for military attache selection and military and political management.
5) Punishment Department-responsible for judicial administration and trial.
6) Ministry of Industry-in charge of all kinds of engineering construction and logistics related work.
The third and sixth departments are government agencies, and there is also a commercial organization-Jiu Si, which originated from Jiuqing in Qin and Han Dynasties. The position is below six. The chief officer and the deputy are Qing He respectively. The specific points are as follows:
1, Taichang Hall-"Chang", formerly known as "Taste", eats food to worship ancestors, so that it often tastes new ideas, so Taichang Hall is in charge of emperor sacrifices;
2. Guanglu Temple-its origin is Guanglu Xun in Han Dynasty, and Xun is the entrance of the royal family, so Guanglu Temple is responsible for guarding the palace gate;
3, Weiwei Temple-Han was originally a Royal Guards, and in the Tang Dynasty he became an emperor who only relied on the tabernacle;
4. Zongzheng Temple-the clan in charge of the emperor;
5, Taibu Temple-servant, meaning coachman, so Taibu Temple is in charge of the emperor's horse;
6. Dali Temple-Tingwei, who originated in the Han Dynasty, is the central judicial organ;
7, crack hon temple-crack hon temple, is the meaning of paging, originated from crack hon temple in the Han dynasty, in charge of the emperor's treatment, equivalent to the emperor's private foreign ministry;
8. Sinong Temple-originated from Sinong, an institution in charge of the government economy in the Han Dynasty. The land tax revenue in the world is nominally managed by Sinong Temple and put into the state treasury;
9. Shaofu Temple-it is also an institution in charge of economy, but it is taxed by Guanshanze Salt Mine, and this part of the income is included in the emperor's private treasury.
Fourthly, the system of supervision and remonstrance and its structural setting.
Yushitai in the Tang Dynasty is a completely independent supervision institution. Divided into left and right review. Zuo Yushi supervised the central officials, mainly officials from six ministries of Shangshu Province, while Zhongshu and Xiamen Province were not supervised. You Yushi inspects local officials, and there are ten roads in the country, each with one person, which is called "observer". This "observer" used to be a central inspector, making inspections in various places, and later became a resident central official in the local area, virtually becoming the highest official in the local area. If his task is to patrol the border and stop at an important frontier, the central government gives him full authority to handle local affairs, which becomes a "our time" festival. At that time, it was a seal with full authority, and everything could be arranged with it, so it was called "our festival". Because of its great power, it gradually evolved into a "buffer town".
Yu Shitai is divided into three hospitals:
1) imperial academy is responsible for correcting and impeaching court officials.
2) as a counselor in the temple, in charge of various ceremonies. "People in the class are listed outside the cabinet door, correct their departure and don't speak ill of them."
3) The scope of the inspector's supervision is very extensive. Patrol around. Although Yushi is only a small official with eight products, he holds the immortal with great boldness of vision. "The suggestion can't shake the mountain and shake the county, so I don't work!"
In addition, in addition to the powers and responsibilities of the three fairs, there are also constant attendants, doctors' advice, and people who make up for the lack of information. Wei Zhi, who is famous for "remonstrating Yan Qiang", has always been a remonstrator. And formed a "system of admonishing ministers into the cabinet"
Verb (abbreviation of verb) on the Prime Minister of Tang Dynasty
Every dynasty was divided into royalty and government. The royal family is represented by the Emperor, and the Prime Minister is the head of government. Cheng and Xiang are both synonymous, so the Prime Minister is also an adjutant. In the pre-Qin era, he was actually the adjutant of nobles such as kings or princes. The housekeeper inside the house is called Zai, and the director outside the house is called Xiang. After Qin unified the world, all the nobles fell, leaving only one noble, the royal family, so the prime minister of their family became the one who had to manage the country as well as the emperor's family affairs. This is the origin of the prime minister.
The prime minister of the Tang Dynasty adopted the committee system, which was different from the leadership system of the Han Dynasty. * * * There are three yamen: Zhongshu, Menxia and Shangshu. The functions of these three departments, together with the Yushitai, are equal to the power of the prime minister of the Han Dynasty. It can be seen that the decentralization of prime ministers in Tang Dynasty. Because an imperial edict can only take effect after Zhongshu and Menxia provinces, for convenience, when discussing major events, the governors of Zhongshu and Menxia provinces hold a joint meeting, which is called "yamen". If a person is both a servant and a servant, then he is also eligible to enter the government affairs hall (because the chief executive of Shangshu Province is nominal). However, after Kaiyuan, servants could not enter the government affairs hall for deliberation, and Shangshu Province became a pure administrative organ. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, the officials in charge of books and doors were the real prime ministers.
Sixth, the specific division of grades.
In the Tang dynasty, there were nine officials, and the first and second officials were elders. They are not actually in charge of political affairs, that is, the title of "three publics". The top leaders of the "three provinces, six halls and one Taiwan" are all three officials. Except for "three provinces, six departments and one Taiwan", most official positions are idle.
Zheng Yipin, Taishi, Taifu, Taiwei of Taibao (the third division), Situ and Sikong (Sangong) explained: it is a very high virtual title, which is generally not actually in charge and is not permanent.
The second level is Shangshuling (one person), Shizhong (two people) and Zhongshuling (two people)
Shoot from the second minister's left and right servants (one each)
There are six ministers (one each), assistant ministers (two), assistant ministers in Chinese books (two), and ancient scholars.
In the third grade, Zuo Qi is an ordinary waiter (two people) and Right Qi is an ordinary waiter (two people).
Sacrifice wine from the country's tertiary industry
There are six four assistant ministers, known as Zuo Cheng (one person) in history, and Cheng in the imperial history.
Give advice to doctors (four people)
From the four products, Shangshu Youcheng (one person), Guo Zishi.
Sheren (six people), Dr. Guo Zi, fifth grade.
From grade five to six departments, each department is a doctor.
Dr. Zheng Liu Shangpin Taixue
From six grades, six departments are foreign ministers and national teaching assistants.
From the sixth grade, I served as a consultant and became a supervisor.
Starting from grade seven, fill in the blanks on the left (six people) and the right (six people)
Supervision and suggestion on Zhengba Shangpin
Choose left (six people) and right (six people) from the eight products.
One secretariat per country)
Shangzhou: Cong Sanpin
Zhongzhou: Zhengsi Pinxia
Zhou Xia: Under the fourth grade.
Don't drive alone.
Shangzhou: From the fourth grade.
Zhongzhou: under the positive five products
Zhou Xia: From the perspective of five products.
Changshi is alone.
Shangzhou: Starting from five products
Zhongzhou: Liu Zheng Shangpin
Zhou Xia: No.
Sima yiren
Shangzhou: From the fifth grade.
Zhongzhou: Liu Zheng Shangpin
Zhou Xia: From the perspective of six products.
register for military service
Shangzhou: Congqipin
Zhongzhou: Zhengba Shangpin
Zhou Xia: From Baping.
One or two clerks
Shangzhou: From the ninth grade.
Zhongzhou: From the ninth grade.
Zhou Xia: Since the ninth grade.
Cao joined the army with six people, one each.
Shangzhou: From the seventh grade.
Zhongzhou: Zhengbapin
Cao, who is only three years old, comes from the eighth grade.
A county magistrate
Shangpin Wu Zhi Jingxian County
Shangxian: from six major products
Xiaxian: From Qipin
Xian Cheng is one or two people.
Jingxian county: from seven products
Xiaxian: Zhengjiu Pinxia
One or two people are in charge.
Jingxian county: from eight major products
Xiaxian: From the ninth grade.
lower-ranking officer
Jingxian County: From the eighth grade.
Xiaxian: From the ninth grade.
copyist
Jingxian County: From the ninth grade.
Note: In the Tang Dynasty, more than 40,000 households were Shangzhou, more than 20,000 were Zhongzhou and less than 20,000 were Xiazhou.
Unified name
Sangong: Qiu, Situ,
Three divisions: Taishi, Taifu and Taibao
Six provinces: Shangshu, Menxia, Zhongshu, Secretary, Central Yunnan and Civil History.
Nine monasteries: Caitaichang, Guanglu, Weiwei, Zong Zheng, Taifu, Dali, Honghu, Sinong and Taifu.
Ten-rate government: Left and right guards lead the government, left and right Zong Wei leads the government, left and right guards lead the government, and left and right prisons lead the government.
Fourteen fu Wei: two generals will supervise the army; Subnational science; The next day, the general's office; Second left and right guards, left and right guards, left and right leaders, left and right guards, left and right guards, left and right tun, left and right leaders.
Wenguan
Dr. Zuo Guanglu and Cong Yipin.
Dr. You Guanglu and Dr. Zheng Erpin.
(Later, he became Dr. Guanglu, starting from the second grade)
Ride away often, from the doctrine.
Dr. Taichung, Zheng Sipin.
Riding a regular waiter straight away is four products.
Chinese medicine, from four products.
Outside the membership, he rode an ordinary waiter, riding from four levels.
Dr. Zhong San, fifth grade.
Scattered riders, Lang Zheng five products.
Ride the assistant minister straight and scattered, from five grades.
You get five points if you ride an assistant minister.
Another way of saying it is:
Dr. Jin Guanglu is an activist.
Dr Yin Qing Guanglu is a follower of these three products.
It is believed that doctors are right about four products.
It is generally believed that doctors are under four standards.
Dr. Tazhong, from four products,
Dr China follows four criteria.
Dr. Zhong San is in the fifth grade.
The court discussed that the doctor did not meet the five criteria.
The DPRK asked the doctor to take the Grade 5 exam.
The doctor is in the fifth grade)
Chao Ichiro, Cheng Ichiro, is six products.
Lang, Tong Zhi Lang and Pin.
Chao Qiulang, Xuan Delang, Zheng Qipin.
Tide saburo, Xuan Ichiro, Cong Qipin.
Give me, levy me, for eight products.
Cheng, Cheng Wulang and Cong Bapin.
Rulinlang, Deng Shilang, Zhengjiupin.
Wen, Jiang, from the end.
Military commander
Auxiliary country and positive two products.
Zhenjun, from the second grade.
Champion, add three products.
Yunhui, from the third product.
Zhongwu, Zhuangwu, Xuanwei, Wei Ming, SGD, Youqi and Guerrilla Cuo are all from top to bottom.
Guo Zhiguo,,,,, Rong and other captains and deputy captains accompanied them, with grades ranging from six to nine.
General rank
Zhengyipin
Taishi, Taifu, Taibao, Taiwei, Situ and Sikong were all appointed as officials. Wang.
Start with the first product.
The opening and closing instrument is the same as the three divisions and officials.
Prince Taishi, Prince Taifu and Prince Taibao were all appointed as career officials.
A title of generals in ancient times, military commanders.
Heir to the throne, county king, lord protector.
Positive quadratic product
Junior college, prose scattered officials.
Assisting national generals and military attache.
The founding princes and ministers.
From the second product
The ministers left and right servants, Prince Shao Shi, Prince Shaofu and Prince Shaobao. Seven governments, including Jingzhao and Taiyuan in Henan, are grazing.
Yang, you, Lu, Shaanxi, Lingda.
Most of them are nurses, Khan and Anxi, all of whom have become career officials.
Dr. Guanglu, civil servant, general of town army, military attache.
Founding monarch, Lord.
Zhu Guo.
Dear officer
Zheng sanpin
Shi zhong, zhong Shuling, official department minister,
Assistant minister under the door, assistant minister in the book.
Left and right Wei, left and right Wei, left and right Wei, left and right leader Wei, left and right Wei, left and right army, left and right army, left and right longwu, left and right sixth army general, left and right general Wei, son left and right Wei, military career officer.
From the third product
Imperial doctor
Secretary supervisor, Guanglu supervisor, health supervisor, Taifu supervisor, Dali supervisor, crack supervisor, Sinong supervisor, Taifu supervisor, Guo Zi wine offering supervisor, Shaofu supervisor, director and Zhu supervisor.
Niu Qian, General of Longwu, Governor of Xiadu, Secretariat of Shangzhou, Taiyuan, Jingzhao, Henan, and other historians.
In the history and old genus of the five permanent members, Jing Yun raised his rank to three in two years.
Deputy DuHu, Lao ZhengSi, mostly Khufu.
Prince Fu, has entered the official position.
Zhu Weiyulin and General Niu Qianlongwu are military commanders, and the rest are essays.
Dr. Yin Lu, prose official.
The founding of the people's Republic, sir.
General Yun Hui, Wu Sanguan.
General guide
Guard the army.
Dear officer