Selected from Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan
Fang Zhongyong, a native of Jinxi, is cultivated in the world. Zhong Yongsheng lived for five years and didn't understand books and tools. Suddenly he cried for it. The father, on the other hand, borrowed from the side and approached it, that is, four sentences of books and poems, which were named after themselves. His poems were written for adoptive parents and families and passed down to a scholar in a township. Nature refers to things as poetry, and its arts and sciences are considerable. People in the city are very surprised. They are a little nicer to their father or beg with coins. My father's interest is natural, and he will always pay tribute to the city people and let him be ignorant.
I've been listening for a long time. In Ming Dow, it has been twelve or thirteen years since our ancestors went home and saw them at my uncle's house. To write a poem, you can't call it the smell of the past. After another seven years, I returned to Yangzhou and asked my uncle how he was. He said, "Everyone has left."
The prince said: Zhong Yong's understanding is also an act of God. It is also blessed, far more virtuous than talents. If a chess piece is owned by everyone, it will not be influenced by others. He is a man who receives heaven, so he is a saint, and he who does not receive heaven is for all; Today's husband is not subject to heaven, and he is not subject to heaven, only for everyone.
[Edit this paragraph] 2. Correct reading
Shang Zhong Yong Northern Song Dynasty (Wang Anshi)
Jin Ximin/,Shi/. Zhong Yong/Born five years ago, I never knew/wrote, and suddenly cried/wanted. The father, on the other hand, borrows the side, that is,/writes poems, and/names himself. His poems/with the meaning of adoptive parents and family members/are circulated/read by a rural scholar. Nature/refers to things like poetry/standing, and its arts and sciences/considerable. Yi people/wonder, ignore their father, or/beg with money. Father/benefit is also natural, while the Japanese class Zhong Yong/Huan Yi/Yu Yi people, not learning.
I've been listening for a long time. In Ming Dow, when our ancestors returned to China, they all met at my uncle's house when they were twelve or thirteen years old. Write a poem that you couldn't hear/speak/hear before. Seven years later, I went back to Yangzhou, asked my uncle's house and said, "I am silent/everyone."
The prince said:/Zhi/Tong Wu, they are all favored by heaven. Its/by heaven, virtue is/things are far away. If you are everyone's pawn, then if you are subject to others, you won't. He/she is blessed by heaven, so he/she is virtuous, not loved by all, but owned by all; Today/husband is not subject to/day, solid people, and/not subject to people, is it/people/talent?
[Edit this paragraph] III. The meaning of the theme
Hurt means "sadness, regret". Shang, that is, he is poor, a gifted child prodigy. Because he doesn't study hard, he grows into an unknown mediocrity.
Still selected from Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan (Zhonghua Book Company, 1959 edition).
Article center
1. Write about the tragic experience that Zhong Yong was eventually reduced from a child prodigy to an ordinary person or even worse because he didn't learn the day after tomorrow, and state the purpose of persuading him to learn.
Authenticity of the article
Whether a person can become a talented person is related to talent, as well as education and self-study. To learn, emphasize the importance of learning to become a talent, and criticize the extinction of the talent environment.
Abstract of article
A child prodigy named Zhong Yong, who can refer to things like poetry at the age of five, was born with outstanding talent, but he was reduced to an ordinary person because he didn't learn the story of The Day After Tomorrow.
[Edit this paragraph] 4. Annotate a translation
Translation:
Fang Zhongyong is a native of Jinxi and has been farming for generations. When Zhong Yong was five years old, he had never seen writing tools. One day, he suddenly cried for them. His father was surprised by this and lent him a neighbor's writing tool. Zhong Yong immediately wrote four poems and wrote his own name. This poem of his is about supporting parents and getting on well with people of the same family, and it was spread to the scholars in the whole town to watch it. From then on, he was assigned to write a poem, so that he could finish it at once. The literary talent and truth of the poem are worth seeing. People in the same county were very surprised by this, and gradually regarded his father as a guest, and some people got Zhong Yong's poems with money. His father thought it was profitable. He took Zhong Yong to visit people in the same county every day to stop Zhong Yong from studying.
I've heard a long time ago. In the era of Ming Dow, I followed my late father back to my hometown and met him at my uncle's house. He is twelve or thirteen years old. Let him write poems, and his poems are not as good as his previous reputation. Seven years later, I came back from Yangzhou and went to my uncle's house to ask about Zhong Yong. I replied, "Zhong Yong's talent has disappeared, just like ordinary people."
Wang Anshi said: Zhong Yong was born with intelligence and comprehension. His talent far exceeds that of ordinary talented people. Finally, because the acquired education did not meet the requirements, he became an ordinary person. A naturally intelligent person like him will become an ordinary person if he has no acquired education. Now those who are not born smart are ordinary people, and it is difficult to become ordinary people without receiving the acquired education! "
[Edit this paragraph] V. Introduction to the author
Wang Anshi was born in the fifth year of Tianxi (A.D. 102 1) and died in the first year of Yuan You (A.D. 1086). Writers, politicians and thinkers in the Northern Song Dynasty. Word, Mid-Levels people, Little Badger Lang, people, known as Wang, known as Mr. Linchuan. Song Linchuan (now from Shangchi Natural Village, dongxiang county, Fuzhou), Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He made outstanding achievements in the literature of the Northern Song Dynasty. His poem "Learn from Du Fu and Be Thin and Hard" is good at reasoning and rhetoric, good at using allusions, powerful in style, subtle in warning and profound in sentiment. He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan.
He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Since Xining three years ago, he has served as a member of the same school twice to publicize the new law. Xi Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike and died in Zhongshan, posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). His political reform had a far-reaching impact on the social economy in the early Song Dynasty, with the characteristics of modern reform, and was praised by Lenin as "1/kloc-0, the greatest reformer in China in the century".
[Edit this paragraph] VI. key word
First of all, word explanation
1. Li: belongs to
2. Ten miles of farming: generations engaged in agricultural production;
3. Never: Never;
4. Demand: Requirements
Step 5 be surprised ...
6. Borrow nearby: borrow from neighbors;
7. and: give;
8. book: write;
9.For: inscription;
10. take … as the meaning: take … as the content of the poem;
1 1. Viewpoint: appreciation;
12. Nature: From now on;
13. Yes: this, this;
14. Just: finished;
15, in which:
16. Omitted: gradually;
17. Or: someone;
18. guests: treat each other with courtesy;
19. Yi people: people from the same county;
20. Begging: Begging, here refers to spending money to ask Zhong Yong to mention poetry;
2 1. Li Qiran: covet this (profitable);
22. Pull: By "crawling", pulling and leading;
23. Wei Huan: Visiting everywhere;
24.make:let；
25. follow: follow;
26. Say: quite;
27. smell: I heard; know
28. Disappear: completely disappear. Zhong Yong's talent has completely disappeared, just like ordinary people.
29. Non-conformity: Non-conformity (requirement).
30. Prince: Wang Anshi is self-styled.
3 1. Universal enlightenment: acquiring wisdom
32. Husband: The first word of the sentence is not translated.
33. solid: originally.
34. Literary talent and rationality.
35. Profit: Utilization ....
36. This is worthwhile.
37. Scholar: This refers to a learned scholar.
38. make a phone call. Call around.
39. Bookcase: writing tools refer to pens, ink, paper and inkstones.
40. Strange: I feel strange about it.
4 1. Peter: He
42. Xi 'an: Than
43. Talented people: Talented people.
44. from: back
45. Jinxi: Place name, now Jinxi, Jiangxi.
46. Taste: Once.
47. Give yourself a name: Write down your name. From, oneself, behavior, topic.
48. Ancestor: refers to the author's dead father.
49. The day after tomorrow: the education, acceptance and patience of the day after tomorrow.
Second, the sentence solution
1. Father is different, he is close to it.
Father was very surprised and borrowed it from his neighbor to Zhong Yong.
2. In this name, he wrote poems for adoptive parents and families.
And write your name on the poem, the theme is to support your parents and have a good relationship with the same family.
3. Nature means that things stand for poetry, and their arts and sciences are considerable.
From then on, as long as someone else specifies one thing, you can write a poem and finish it at once. Its literary talent and truth are interesting.
4. Yi people are very strange, a little guest is their father; Or ask for it with money
The fellow villagers were surprised and gradually treated their father as guests; Some people also use money to buy Zhong Yong's poems.
My father benefited from it, and the Japanese La Zhong Yonghuan paid tribute to the city people, without learning or skill.
My father thought it was profitable, so he dragged Zhong Yong to visit his hometown every day to stop him from studying.
6. You can't call it the smell of the past.
Translation: It can't be consistent with what I heard before.
7. Everyone's gone!
Translation: completely normal.
[Edit this paragraph] VII. Textbook reference
First, the overall grasp
Taking Fang Zhongyong as an example, this paper illustrates the importance of acquired education to success. The article is divided into two parts: the narrative part describes that Fang Zhongyong was gifted when he was a child, but because his father "refused to learn", he eventually "disappeared from everyone" and became mediocre; The discussion part shows the author's point of view, pointing out that the decline of talents in Fang Zhongyong is due to "being influenced" and emphasizing the importance of acquired education. Taking Fang Zhongyong as an example, this paper explains the universal truth and gives people profound thinking.
The language of this article is very accurate. In the narrative part, a short 150 words completely describe the changing process of Fang Zhongyong from five to twenty years old, while in the discussion part, there are only 70 words. Every word and sentence in the text has its exact expressive function, which is not dispensable. For example, in the first paragraph, the first sentence explains the native place, identity, name and family background, which is not only an essential general introduction, but the word "Li Shigeng" is the necessary foreshadowing for "not knowing books and tools" and "not learning skills", which not only sets off Fang Zhongyong's extraordinary talent, but also implies the family background that caused his fate; The word "crow" vividly describes the modality of Fang Zhongyong children asking for books and tools; The three adverbs of "suddenly", that is, "stand up", make the image of a gifted and quick-thinking child prodigy jump from the page; Sun Ban Zhong Yonghuan demoted to the city people ",just one sentence depicts the sad ignorance of Fang Zhongyong's father who is greedy for small profits and complacent; The word "unlearned" seems dull, but it indicates the change of Fang Zhongyong and points out the key to change the fate of Fang Zhongyong. The second narrative is very brief, with only one "look", one "smell" and one "ask" to explain Fang Zhongyong's later changes and ending. The discussion part at the end is concise and profound, and the reasoning is rigorous. We can observe and taste the characteristics of this language word for word.
The language of this article is plain and emotional. This article, entitled "Hurting Zhong Yong", describes what can be hurt and how to be hurt. Between the lines, it reveals the author's regret that a child prodigy finally "disappeared from everyone's face" and the sorrow of those who "suffered from heaven" but "suffered from people", and shows the author's point of view with a clear attitude.
Second, the problem research
1. Why does this article detail the situation when Fang Zhongyong first appeared?
A: This article describes in detail the situation when Fang Zhongyong's talent first appeared. This arrangement implies the main idea of the article and accords with the author's intention.
Analysis: Wang Anshi wrote this article, taking Fang Zhongyong as a negative textbook, to illustrate the importance of "educated", that is, acquired education. In the first narrative, the article describes in detail the situation when Zhong Yong's talent first appeared. There are two clues: one is that Fang Zhongyong's talent suddenly exposed to growing fame; Another story tells that Zhong Yong's father discovered his son's talent and used his son's talent as a means of profit. The intention of this writing is: first, it shows that "Zhong Yong knows the general situation" is indeed a "lucky day" with innate factors; On the other hand, it was during this period that the seeds of decline were sown, that is, "the father benefited nature, and the day shift Zhong Yong was surrounded by local people, so that it was not allowed to study", indicating that Zhong Yong did not receive normal acquired education. As for the decline or even loss of Zhong Yong when he grew up, it was the inevitable result of "being unlearned". Of course, needless to say. The narrative part already contains the truth to be explained, so it is needless to say the discussion part.
2. What role does the phrase "I've been listening for a long time" play in this narrative?
A: The narrative of this article adopts the way of hearing and seeing. The first paragraph is "smelling", and the second paragraph is "seeing" first and then "smelling", and the three stages of Fang Zhongyong's changes are written in turn. The narrative is coherent and clear, with compact details, concentrated content and clear meaning.
Analysis: This way of watching and recording also brought Fang Zhongyong into contact with "I", which was full of life breath and gave people a real feeling. The narrative part of the article integrates three paragraphs of "smell", "see" and "smell" in chronological order, and the turning sentence is "long-heard" sentence. The word "zhi" in this sentence is a link between the past and the future, which refers to the situation in the period when Zhong Yong talents first appeared; The words "smell" and "for a long time" indicate that the author has not been in his hometown for a long time, and only learned from rumors that he has never seen Zhong Yong-this last point is implied in the whole sentence. If this point is made clear, the whole sentence should be "I have heard about it for a long time, but I have not seen him." In this way, it is natural to say "see" in the future. It can be seen that the sentence "I have heard for a long time" uses two meanings: one is bright and the other is dark, to realize the transformation of context.
3. How to understand the relationship between "recipient" and "recipient"?
The last discussion part is reasonable. The author thinks that Zhong Yongzhi's General Studies is a book that picks up people from heaven, and the reason for the decline of its talent is that those who pick up people don't come, which leads to a feeling that those who are less talented than Fang Zhongyong will be even more unimaginable if they don't pick up people. This passage discusses things step by step, distinguishes the relationship between "recipient" and "recipient", and makes people deeply feel the importance of "recipient".
By "connecting with the sky", the author refers to people's talents; "Recipient" refers to the acquired education. The author thinks that the latter is more important, that is, the acquired education is crucial to a person's success, which is undoubtedly correct. It should be noted here that the "recipient" refers to the acquired education that people receive, not their own acquired learning and subjective efforts (Fang Zhongyong could not study and work hard because of his father's "refusal to learn"). These are two different issues, and the latter is beyond the scope of this article. But we can get inspiration from it, which is helpful for us to understand the relationship between human talent and acquired learning and subjective efforts.
Practice note
Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.
This topic guides students to familiarize themselves with the text, clarify the context of the article and grasp the author's point of view.
1. What stages did Fang Zhongyong go through?
The first stage: "Zhong Yongsheng lived for five years ... his art and science are considerable." Fang Zhongyong was gifted at writing when he was young. He could write poems.
The second stage: "... twelve point three. Poetry cannot be called the smell of the past. " Fang Zhongyong can't decline until he is twelve or thirteen years old, not as good as before;
The third stage: "Another seven years ... everyone is gone." Seven years later, Fang Zhongyong became a mediocre man.
2. Fang Zhongyong changed from a genius to a "silent man". What is the reason?
Judging from Fang Zhongyong's personal situation, the reason is that "the father benefits nature, and the day shift Zhong Yonghuan is admired by the city people". He is greedy for small profits and short-sighted, but "does not learn". Rationally speaking, as the author thinks in the following discussion, Fang Zhongyong's "being a pawn for everyone" is because "he is not influenced by others", that is to say, he did not receive the normal education the day after tomorrow.
3. What does the last paragraph say?
See "Text Discussion".
Read the full text carefully, refer to the following examples and pay attention to the pause in the sentence.
This is a reading training question, which focuses on cultivating students' reading ability to grasp sentence pauses, but it can also cultivate students' ability to understand sentence meanings.
1. Borrow the word "near/same", that is,/write four poems,/take this as the name.
2. His poems take adoptive parents and family as their meanings. ...
I have been listening for a long time.
Translate the following sentences and pay attention to the meaning of the underlined words.
There are two kinds of words added in these sentences, one is special usage ("odd", "guest" and "benefit"), and the other is function words commonly used in classical Chinese ("Yu").
1. People in the city are very strange. Invite my father a little or beg with coins.
Be surprised at ... Guest: treat guests politely, treat them ... as guests.
2. My father's interests are natural. Japanese La Zhong Yonghuan admires the city people and is ignorant.
Leon: Think … is profitable, and regard … as profitable.
It is a godsend, far from talent. If a chess piece is owned by everyone, it will not be influenced by others.
Yu: than. Y: Yes.
4 △ Make an impromptu speech in class on the topic "What does Fang Zhongyong think?", and determine the angle and viewpoint of the speech by yourself.
The purpose of this topic is to train students to establish an observation angle, the ability to extract ideas from materials and the ability to express ideas in language. The center of the speech is required to be clear, the level is clear and the language is concise. Limited time requires quick thinking and quick organization of language. Students should be encouraged to refine their views from the case of Fang Zhongyong, instead of sticking to a single model.
Teaching suggestion
First, let students use text notes and reference books to read the text, complete their homework independently, and cultivate their self-study ability. The teacher added a little dial and answered the questions appropriately.
Second, although this course does not require reciting, we should pay attention to reciting. Be sure to be familiar with the text, and it is best to memorize it.
Third, we should grasp the characteristics of this article, clarify the relationship between materials and opinions, and understand the author's thoughts and opinions.
Fourth, pay attention to the detailed and appropriate writing of this article and try to figure out the precise language.
related data
additional remarks
1. Set clan relatives: "Book of Rites, Mourning" Zheng Xuan's Note: "Set clan relatives, that is, don't be intimate, make Zhao Mu." "Biography of the Book of Rites" Confucius and Ying Da's justice: "If the clan is separated, the flesh and blood are separated, and the sacrifice in the ancestral temple is not serious; If it is accepted, the relatives will not be separated, Zhao Mu will have a relationship, and the ancestral hall will have dignity. " Therefore, the meaning of "gathering clansmen" is to unite clansmen in the order of up and down, so as to keep them close and not fall apart. Fang Zhongyong's experimental work "takes adoptive parents and families as its significance". "Adoptive parents" is the expression of "filial piety" and "family adoption" is the expression of "benevolence". In feudal times, it was remarkable that a five-year-old child could have such ambitions. Therefore, it is no wonder that in addition to praise, people specially gave this poem to the scholars in their hometown for their evaluation.
2. Pass on the concept of a scholar in a township: "Scholar" is the name of ordinary scholar in the Tang and Song Dynasties, which is different from the students who passed the county examination in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. "One township", the whole town. This sentence should be understood as being passed on to readers in the whole town, not just to a scholar.
3. Poetry refers to things: that is, poems about things. In the past, when children were trained to write poetry, they often designated an object as a topic, requiring that the characteristics of this object and some thoughts and feelings could be expressed in poetry. This was the initial training for writing poetry.
4. In Ming Dow, I returned to my hometown to worship my ancestors: "Ming Dow", the year number of Song Renzong (1032 ~ 1033). "Ancestor", this is the name for the late father. According to: Wang Anshi's father has a good reputation, but his handwriting is not good. In the eighth year of Tiansheng (1030), I once learned about Shaozhou (now Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province) with Cheng in the temple. Three years later, he left his job and returned to China with Ding You, accompanied by Wang Anshi (then 13 years old). Accordingly, this time I returned to Ming Dow for two years (1033). In the second year of Baoyuan (1039), Wang Yi died in Jiangning (now Jiangsu). Wang Anshi wrote this article in three years (1043), so he was called "Zu".
[Edit this paragraph] After reading.
Fang Zhongyong, who was brilliant as a child, "disappeared from the crowd" before he was twenty!
After reading this article, I can't help hurting it.
I "hurt" Fang Fu, who is ignorant and greedy for cheap. Because of his "ignorance", he indirectly killed a talent.
I "hurt" Zhong Yong, who went with the flow and "wandered around the city" all day. Because he is an "unacceptable person", he directly ruined his good future.
Fang Zhongyong described in this article acted like a child prodigy at the age of five, but he got lost later, which is regrettable and worrying. As the saying goes, "a jade must be cut to make a tool" and "to err is human". The reason is clear enough-no matter how good a person's innate conditions are, if he doesn't cut, learn and practice the day after tomorrow, he will become an ordinary person who has accomplished nothing. Fang Zhongyong is a typical example. If Fang Zhongyong firmly changed "don't study" to "I want to learn", it would be another scene. People will not "hurt Zhong Yong", but "praise Zhong Yong" and "learn from Zhong Yong" ...
I think, if I were Fang Zhongyong, I would give full play to my unique innate advantages, constantly enrich myself, accumulate wealth, make myself have inexhaustible knowledge and implement the "sustainable development strategy".
If I were Fang Zhongyong, I would know that "diligence is diligence and leisure is scarcity" and take "99% diligence+1% genius = success" as my motto to remind myself at all times. Even if you make small achievements, you are not complacent and complacent, but study harder and let yourself "go up a storey still higher".
After reading the text "Upper Zhong Yong", I understand a truth: If I am a rough jade, I must "cut" it to my satisfaction and make it a "tool"; It is rusty iron, but we should persistently "grind" it to make it a "needle".
[brief comment]
This article is a review. In addition to its profound and unique feeling and vivid and concise language, its layout is also excellent. The four links of "introduction", "discussion", "connection" and "conclusion" are closely linked and deepened step by step.
The first step is to "quote": briefly quote the raw materials to express the author's regret, so as to arouse readers' resonance. (The first paragraph ① Nature)
The second step is "discussion": from the perspective of material reflection, analyze the reasons why Fang Zhongyong became a mediocre person. (Section ② ③ ④ ⑤ Natural section)
The third step is "connection": in connection with real life, the author uses "hypothesis" to set up paragraphs, puts forward the relationship between the innate conditions of success and the acquired efforts, and highlights the viewpoints. (⑥ ⑦ natural section)
The fourth step "knot": put forward personal opinions from the perspective of enlightenment from the materials, summarize the full text, and express the good wish of "studying hard and determined to become a talent" (paragraph 8).
This article provides an example for students to write "thoughts after reading", which is worth learning and learning.
[Edit this paragraph] VIII. Historical counterexample
1. Mozart's father also toured all over the country with his son since childhood, enjoying the scenery, cultivating sentiment and signing a photo. Among them, there are many nobles in the palace, dignitaries, folk artists with superb skills, and wandering pianist, who have achieved something, but look at others.
Everyone is familiar with the story of Kong Rong in the Three Kingdoms period. One day, a group of guests came to visit their home. Everyone praised Kong Rong's cleverness, but only one senior official dismissed it. The official said that "being young is appropriate, but not necessarily good", which means that Kong Rong is not smart when he grows up. Seven-year-old Kong Rong retorted: "If you want to be young, you must be young." Embarrassed and embarrassed, the official ran away. Later, they became good friends with Kong Rong, and therefore became the younger generation of Kong Rong's father, although they were peers.
[Edit this paragraph] 9. Special sentence patterns
I. Elliptic sentences: (Bold for sentence supplement)
1, don't make it learn 2, make it a poem 3, influenced by heaven 4, and return to Yangzhou.
Second, inverted sentences: from Yangzhou modern word order: from Yangzhou (adverbial postposition)