Some people say that the ability of top mathematicians can be described as "terrifying". Then, the showdown between mathematical genius Alan Mathison Turing and Engenicode is such a "terrifying" process. . Engeni code is not a person, but a cipher machine. This cipher machine killed many people in World War II, and Turing was the terminator of this cipher machine.

Now we know that everything in this world can be digitized. This is the "power" of computers and artificial intelligence, because they can connect pure mathematical symbols with the physical world. The first person to open this connection was a great name~Alan Matheson Turing. He is considered the father of computers and artificial intelligence, a mathematical wizard, and can also be said to be a top mathematical master.

During World War II, Nazi Germany invented the terrifying "Engine code machine".

How powerful is this cipher machine? It inputs a letter, and any letter can come out. In this way, even if the Allies intercept the password, they will not understand it and will see a bunch of garbled codes. The Germans themselves, as long as they have the corresponding deciphering machine, can easily decipher it.

This cipher machine subverts any previous password setting method. Its key random change capability can reach 1.59x10^20, which is 1.59 trillion possibilities. The Engeni code rules out the possibility of manual cracking, because no one can count billions of digits in his lifetime, let alone crack it. Someone has calculated that if 10 people spend their entire lives verifying the various possibilities of this password every moment, it will take at least 20 million years to completely verify it.

Therefore, the British army could only watch helplessly as its warships, aircraft, and soldiers continued to suffer massive losses, and they were helpless. The British intelligence agencies pinned their hopes on the maverick mathematician Turing. In September 1939, they found Turing and recruited him to serve in the Communications Department of the British Foreign Office. His main task was to decipher the Engeni code.

As soon as Turing came into contact with this cipher, he knew that it was impossible to decipher this cipher manually. He thought of the "Turing machine" he designed in 1936, which is a general-purpose machine that can assist mathematical research. The machine, in this machine, connected pure mathematical symbols with the outside world in a logical way for the first time. It was the prototype of computers and artificial intelligence.

Turing ended the war two years early.

In 1940, Turing led his team to develop the code-breaking machine "Bobby" (pictured above), also known as "The Bomb", which completely cracked the Engeni code, which was considered impregnable by the Germans. The cipher machine thus cured the Allied forces' glaucoma and cataracts. The Allied forces went from being blind to being fully aware of the German movements and even discovered them completely, thus evading various attacks by the Germans and in turn giving them The German army continued to deal heavy blows, the rules of the war changed, and the German army was retreating steadily. Bobby? was classified as top secret and was completely destroyed after the war. The Allies also used false and true confusion tactics to prevent the Germans from knowing that their codes had been deciphered. Therefore, they had to pay a smaller price for greater victories from time to time. There were also many soldiers to cover Bobby. ?And sacrifice, they don’t know why they die. But the war ended two years early. How many lives of soldiers and civilians were saved?

Just like when the United States dropped two atomic bombs in Japan, although it caused hundreds of thousands of direct and indirect casualties, it promoted Japan’s unconditional surrender in advance and prevented the Allied forces from entering Japan’s homeland to fight. It also reduced the number of Millions of military and civilian casualties. If we really want to enter the mainland, China is also an allied force. Of course we will send troops to enter, and many people will die.

It was under this kind of confusion that the German army did not find out that their code had been broken until the end of the war, because they were too confident in their Engeni code, and the Nazis were ultimately destroyed to a great extent. It was killed by the genius of Turing.

Turing became a hero, but his life ended in tragedy.

Due to Turing's outstanding contributions, in 1945, he was awarded the highest hero award by the British government - the Order of the British Empire (O.B.E. Medal). After this, Turing ended his work in the British Foreign Office and returned to the theoretical computer research he was doing before the war, trying to develop a specific computer.

From then on, Turing began the research and design of automatic computers. He wrote a 50-page ACE (universal computer) design specification. The first ACE prototype was based on this design. Made from concept. In 1949, Turing became the deputy director of the Computer Laboratory of the University of Manchester, responsible for the software theory development of the earliest true computer - Mantest One. As a result, he became the first person in the world to actually use a computer. A scientist who studies mathematics.

In 1950, Turing wrote and published the "Manchester Electronic Computer Programmer's Manual" and later proposed the famous "Turing Test"; in 1951, Turing published the paper "Can Machines Think?" "; In 1951, he became a member of the Royal Society at the age of 39; in 1952, he resigned as a researcher at King's College, Cambridge University, to concentrate on research at the University of Manchester, and also served as Franti, who built automatic digital computers. Corporate Consultant.

But the good times did not last long.

Just when Turing was concentrating on research and about to make a major breakthrough in his career, his genius creation came to an abrupt end due to persecution.

Character flaws that were incompatible with the world ruined Turing's life and career.

On June 7, 1954, Turing was found dead on his bed at home. There was a bitten apple on the bedside. After testing the apple, it was found that the apple had been soaked in highly toxic chemicals. Cyanide, the conclusion was suicide. Twenty-two years later, in 1976, Apple appeared in the United States. It introduced the first personal computer to the market, subverting the way people used computers, thus setting off a computer revolution, especially their mobile phones, which led the way. century of change.

Coincidentally, Apple’s logo is a bitten apple. Many people think that this was designed to commemorate Turing, the father of computers, but some people think that this is just a coincidence. In any case, this episode also shows that Turing's influence is still in the world.

Turing's death was related to his sexual orientation. As a homosexual, it was not allowed by the law at that time. Turing was murdered by his same-sex partner and was punished by law. Turing's sexual partner was Arnold Murray. They met and became partners in 1951, but they did not expect that this would lead to a wolf entering the house.

Once, Turing discovered that someone was stealing from his home. He chose to call the police. It turned out that the thief was Murray's accomplice. During the interrogation, the homosexual relationship between Turing and Murray was exposed. In order to reduce his guilt, Murray asked the lawyer to argue that it was Turing's instigation and seduction that led to his corruption. As a result, Turing was arrested for homosexuality. He could have refused to admit this "crime", but his unyielding personality did not allow him to tell lies. Not only did he admit it, he also considered it his own private matter and wrote I wrote a 5-page report and explained things clearly.

Turing was found guilty and found guilty of "obvious obscenity and sexual inversion". The court gave him two options, one was to go to jail for 2 years, and the other was chemical castration. He chose the latter, which was to forcibly inject estrogen for one year. So he lived humiliatingly for a period of time under the side effects of the drugs, during which he experienced unspeakable torture such as continuous breast development. In the end, he chose to quietly leave this world that did not tolerate him. His life and career came to an abrupt end when he was 41 years old.

The top mathematics masters are not ordinary people, so they are often not tolerated by the world.

Turing is certainly no exception. Turing was born on June 23, 1912 in London, England. In fact, he was also a "left-behind" child. His father worked in India and his mother accompanied him. Therefore, he rarely saw his parents since he was a child and only depended on his brother John. Perhaps it was this environment that caused him to be different since he was a child.

Tu Ling is withdrawn, taciturn, hates trivial matters, has a tendency to refuse communication, and is immersed in his own world all day long. His hair is messy and slovenly, his shirt hangs out from his pants, his tie is messily tangled outside his collar, his buttons are often buttoned in the wrong holes, and he often even wears shoes backwards. There is no difference between his left foot and right foot. His expressions of things are straightforward, and his likes and dislikes are fully displayed in front of people. This is the impression that Turing left in people's minds as a teenager.

He showed an obvious obsession with mathematics in school and neglected to study basic courses. Therefore, he was a top student in mathematics and a poor student in other subjects. He hated the school system and felt that it restricted and deprived him of his leisurely life. As a result, he was almost expelled from school. The school's evaluation of him was: "He doesn't know what bad manners, dirty writing and messy graphics are", "He shouldn't stay in this grade anymore, this is ridiculous" and so on.

He is a maverick, he is not an ordinary person, so it is difficult for this secular world where ordinary people are the mainstream to tolerate such "extraordinary people". His dullness, paranoia, and pride may be what he is. factors that lead to tragedy.

But there is no doubt that his genius was evident very early.

Turing was able to understand Einstein's theory of relativity at the age of 15. It is said that only 300 people in the world could understand it at that time. In order to help his mother understand the theory of relativity, he wrote a detailed summary of the theory of relativity, showing a strong mathematical level and scientific understanding. While in high school, Turing's unique mathematical genius earned him the King Edward VI Golden Shield for Mathematics.

Later, his mathematical talent was discovered and affirmed along the way. In 1931, Turing was admitted to King's College, Cambridge, and won a mathematics scholarship due to his excellent performance; in 1935, his first mathematical paper, "The Equivalence of Left and Right Nearly Periodicities," was published in the Journal of the London Mathematical Society, the same In 2000, he also wrote the article "On Gaussian Error Function". He was only 23 years old this year. These achievements made him directly elected as a researcher of King's College from a college student. He won the famous Smith Prize in Mathematics in the UK the following year, becoming one of the most prominent graduates of King's College.

The world finally tolerated Turing, and he was positioned in history as a great genius.

A generation of superstars died prematurely. Although people regretted it, they did not forget this pure mathematical genius. In 2009, the British computer scientist Cumming launched an online petition to rehabilitate Turing. Soon, there were more than 30,000 signatures in support of the petition, and the then British Prime Minister Gordon Brown issued a formal apology statement.

In 2012, famous scientists Stephen William Hawking, Paul Nurse (Nobel Prize winner in medicine), Martin Rees (then President of the Royal Society) and others wrote to the then British Prime Minister Diana David Cameron, requested Turing's rehabilitation; on December 24, 2013, British Justice Minister Chris Grayling made a request to the Queen of England for Turing's rehabilitation, and the Queen finally issued a pardon for Turing.

Grayling then announced: Turing's later life was cast a shadow because of his homosexuality. We believe that the sentence at that time was unfair, and this kind of discrimination has now been eliminated. abolition. For this reason, the Queen decided to pay tribute to this great man by granting him a pardon. ?

Later, the UK announced that it had pardoned all homosexuals and bisexuals in history who had been convicted under the Gross Indecency Act, and apologized to those convicted of homosexuality before 1967. This The secular legal change was known as the Alan Turing Act.

In order to commemorate Turing's great contribution to computer science, the American Computer Society established the Turing Award in 1966 to honor scientists who have made outstanding contributions in computer science once a year. This award is extremely valuable and is considered Known as the Nobel Prize in computing. On July 15, 2019, Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England, displayed the new version of the 50-pound note with Turing's face as the picture, and declared that it would enter circulation by the end of 2021, which is an honor.

Turing's achievements in science, especially mathematical logic and computer science, are well known. He is known as the father of computers and artificial intelligence.

From this, we should get an understanding:

The most outstanding figures are definitely not secular, and secularity is not necessarily good or progressive. If our world was more tolerant, maybe Turing would not have died, and he might have made more changes for human progress.

There are still many scientists in the world who have been treated unfairly in the past and today, and these scientists are changing the course of human civilization. They may be a cog related to the future survival of mankind. I hope this Don't damage the gears too much, which will eventually lead to the collapse of human civilization.

If this article can make one person think, it is not in vain; if it can make many people think, it is gratifying. Thank you everyone for reading and welcome to discuss.

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