Quality assurance system and measures for diversion tunnel projects
A century-old plan with quality first. In order to ensure the quality of the project, under the leadership of the company's quality management committee, the project has established a quality management leading group, established a quality management control network, formulated strict quality assurance measures, implemented comprehensive quality management, implemented ISO9002 quality standards, and implemented quality one vote Veto system.
1 Project quality goal
The project quality reaches an excellent level.
2 Quality organization and management assurance
Establishing a sound quality organization and management network that can effectively perform work responsibilities and running through the entire process of construction and production is to ensure project quality. An important condition for achieving excellent project goals is to supervise, improve, and ensure the quality of project construction.
2. lQuality management organization
The quality management leading group consists of the project manager, deputy project manager, chief engineer and quality office director. Quality management is centered on the project chief engineer. 0, composed of technicians, measurement technicians, quality inspectors, internal auditors, testers, etc.
(l) The project department establishes a project quality management leading group, which is composed of the following personnel:
Team leader: project manager
Deputy team leader: project director Engineer, deputy project manager
Team members: composed of quality inspectors, quality controllers, internal auditors, technicians, measurement technicians, testers, construction workers, etc.
(2) Establish a QC sub-level. The QC sub-level is composed of 4-5 people. It is mainly responsible for organizing and mobilizing employees to carry out QC group activities, conduct quality education, organize quality research, and control over and under excavation of tunnels. Quality, tunnel concrete lining quality.
2.2 Quality management control network
3 Project quality assurance measures
3. lManagement measures
Comprehensively implement ISO9002 quality standards, establish a quality assurance system with the project chief engineer as the core, establish a quality management team, establish an internal quality audit system, and equip full-time quality inspection personnel to manage quality inspection work; Clear quality goals: good engineering. Develop a job responsibility system, standardize inspection and inspection management procedures, carry out comprehensive quality management and QC group activities, strengthen process quality control, and pre- and in-process quality control. Carefully study the relevant construction specifications, technical specifications and bidding document requirements, and conduct quality inspection and assessment work.
3.2 Strict implementation during construction; three inspection system.
Select professional and technical personnel with rich theoretical and practical experience, high business technical quality and ideological quality, strong organizational management ability, and serious and responsible work to serve as full-time quality inspectors. To implement the "three inspection system", first reasonably determine the scope of special inspection, self-inspection and mutual inspection. Generally, the inspection of single projects and sub-projects is mainly carried out by full-time quality inspectors; during the construction process, the process inspection is mainly based on self-inspection and mutual inspection by construction personnel, supplemented by the patrol inspection of full-time quality inspectors. Secondly, the following points should be paid attention to when implementing worker self-inspection and mutual inspection:
(l) Clarify the inspection content, including inspection items, inspection standards, testing, test plans and inspection methods;
(2) Provide necessary conditions and means: measuring instruments, testing equipment and venues;
(3) Improve the original record system;
(4) Establish a quality assessment system , combining ideological education with material encouragement.
3.3 Other guarantee measures
(l) Carefully read the design drawings and design documents, do a good job in technical disclosure, and strictly follow the design documents, design drawings, specifications and the instructions of the competent department. Quality requires construction; carefully keep construction records and establish quality technical files; regularly provide quality reports and technical information to the construction unit and supervision engineers, and accept inspection and supervision from the construction unit and supervision engineers.
(2) Set up a construction site laboratory, equipped with professional testing personnel and necessary testing equipment. The construction site laboratory is mainly responsible for the super particle size and moisture content of the concrete aggregate on the construction site, the fineness modulus of the sand, On-site measurement and adjustment of mud content and moisture content, on-site supervision and adjustment of broken mixing quality and warehouse surface pouring, on-site sampling, production and timely delivery of test blocks for pressure testing.
Concrete mix proportion design, concrete test block compressive strength and steel bar and other material tests shall be carried out by the company's laboratory or relevant units designated by the owner.
(3) Equip a professional measurement team to be responsible for the construction measurement of tunnel excavation and lining, shaft excavation and lining, and establish sufficient control points to ensure accurate construction location, orientation, and level.
(4) Concealed projects must be inspected and accepted by the supervision engineer before covering construction can be carried out.
(5) Implement quality control management throughout the entire construction process. On-site construction management personnel perform follow-up operations. Quality inspectors often go to the site for regular and unscheduled quality inspections. During construction of important parts, quality inspectors Implement the whole process; stand-by supervision system.
(6) The equipment, instruments and measuring instruments used for testing must maintain good performance, meet the requirements and be inspected by the relevant technical supervision agencies.
(7) Implement a one-vote quality veto system and a quality reward system to reward the superior and punish the inferior.
4 The whole process of quality control
During the construction process, combined with the company’s previous construction experience, while focusing on comprehensive quality management, we must insist on focusing on appearance quality, and we must not Ignore details and ensure complete and accurate construction records. In the current increasingly fierce market competition, today's quality is the future development of an enterprise. Ensure excellent project quality according to the company's requirements.
4.1 Organize construction according to ISO9002 quality system requirements
Our company has passed ISO9002 quality certification. During the implementation of this project, we must conscientiously implement the GB/19002-ISO9002 series of standards and strictly In accordance with the requirements of the company's ISO9002 quality system, construction is strictly controlled. According to the company's "Procedure Documents" and "Quantity Manual", from quality planning, contract review, material procurement verification, construction process control, inspection and test control, inspection measurement and test equipment control, non-conforming product control, and quality records, Several elements such as document and data control are used to carry out quality management, so that an effective quality assurance system that complies with the ISO9002 series of standards can be formed throughout the entire construction process.
4.2 Establish a quality assurance system
In order to ensure construction quality, a quality management network headed by project managers is implemented at the construction site, project quality target management is formulated, and the responsibilities of each department are clarified. Job responsibilities and implement the quality responsibility assessment system. The quality room is mainly responsible for the on-site work. Each working group has a full-time quality inspector responsible for inspection and acceptance, and strengthens quality monitoring and testing methods. In terms of the quality of raw material procurement, the company formulates a key material procurement plan, and the technical office is responsible for examining and approving the technical indicators and technical requirements of special materials. During the procurement process, the buyer is responsible to the material clerk, and the material clerk is responsible to the project manager. In terms of project quality, each construction operator is responsible for the construction team leader and professional quality inspector, the construction team leader and professional quality inspector are responsible for the project manager, and the project manager is generally responsible for project quality. In order to ensure that every member of the quality assurance system does not let go of any quality problem during the construction process, quality management rules and regulations are formulated and the quality veto power is adhered to.
4.3 Material quality control measures
Quality management starts from raw materials and strictly controls the quality. The main materials of permanent projects should have factory certificates, warranty sheets, and have been tested and It can be used only after passing the inspection.
Ensuring the quality of material procurement and blocking substandard products from entering the project are the basis for creating excellent projects. Therefore, only by following the quality management procedures for material procurement can the supplied materials meet the standards.
4.4 Process Control
4.4. lConstruction preparation stage
(l) Organizational preparation: The project department shall assign business backbones to be responsible for construction management, assign various positions and clarify responsibilities.
(2) Personnel control: Technicians and project department managers who have passed basic training and on-the-job training must undergo a qualification review and meet relevant regulations before being allowed to take up the job.
(3) Technical preparation: Before starting construction, construction drawings and related documents should be carefully studied, familiar with design requirements, understanding of design intentions, familiar with relevant quality acceptance technical regulations and construction specifications, and targeted on-site reconnaissance and investigation. , and then conduct joint review of drawings and technical briefing.
(4) Plan preparation: Prepare detailed quality plan, formulate construction schedule, material and equipment arrival time, and labor demand plan. Equipped with sufficient construction equipment, all equipment shall be debugged before entering the site, and all equipment shall be arranged according to the construction equipment management regulations and Party A's requirements.
(5) Plan control: The implementation and implementation of the plan should be carried out in stages, and should be checked and adjusted regularly to ensure that it meets the requirements.
(6) Material control: All raw materials, finished products, and semi-finished products should comply with specified requirements.
4.4.2 Construction process control
(l) Technical document control: Conduct joint review of design drawings on the basis of self-review, and keep records of the joint review.
(2) Technical disclosure: Technical disclosure should be made before starting construction, including construction organization design disclosure. Design disclosure and construction technology disclosure of each process should be signed and certified, and records should be filled in.
(3) Technical assessment criteria: General operating procedures, operating models, new processes, etc. should be provided to operators in the clearest and most practical way as technical and process assessment criteria.
(4) Key process control: Operators must operate in strict accordance with construction specifications; the use of testing tools and instruments during the operation must be recorded; concealed engineering projects should apply for inspection, and the project quality officer Inspect with the supervising engineer, and only after approval and signature can the construction proceed to the next process.
(5) Special process control: The quality of some processes cannot be completely determined through product testing, and some processes cannot be tested or destructively tested after construction. The project department should have the ability to identify the process in advance, and The personnel on duty are responsible for the operation, and technical personnel are dispatched to continuously monitor and control the relevant process parameters.
(6) Technical data control: All technical data must be signed and authenticated, sorted and classified according to filing requirements, and corresponding records made.
(7) Synchronous operations: According to the construction progress plan, the construction site requires materials to be brought in and tested simultaneously to ensure flow construction.
(8) Environmental control: Natural conditions (such as temperature, etc.) have a great impact on the quality of the project, and construction should be strictly controlled according to relevant requirements.
4.4 Quality Control at the Completion Stage
After the completion of the project, the project department shall apply to the construction unit for completion acceptance and then move out, transfer the technical data to the construction unit, and go through the handover procedures. The project department is responsible for project protection, return visits, and maintenance work.
4.5 Inspection and test control
(l) Inspection and testing of materials. Equip sufficient measurement, testing, and testing equipment according to the actual needs of the project. The material technician is responsible for sending incoming materials to qualified testing units for testing according to inspection and testing requirements. After the test is completed, feedback will be provided to the quality inspector in a timely manner.
(2) The quality inspector of the project department is responsible for process inspection. Each process at the construction site will be inspected. After the assessment, the owner and supervisor will be asked to conduct inspections. The next process can only be carried out after obtaining a visa. The company's quality department conducts spot checks on the project department and supervises the normal operation of the inspection work.
(3) The company’s quality department and project department are jointly responsible for the inspection of final products. After the company's self-inspection and assessment, the supervisor and the owner's quality inspection station will conduct inspections and assess the quality level.
(4) All inspection and test items of this project are entrusted to a qualified testing institution designated by the owner's supervision. The company's quality department is responsible for the inspection of equipment. The measuring instruments (total station, Jingwei instrument) invested in this project , standards), after being calibrated by the Hangzhou Municipal Technical Supervision Bureau or other statutory technical supervision departments before use, the usable measuring instruments should be stored in a special location and have daily maintenance done by dedicated personnel.
4.6 Control of unqualified products
Non-conforming products include materials and unqualified processes. For goods confirmed to be unqualified after inspection, within 24 hours Clear out the construction site and immediately rework and rectify any procedures (process products) determined to be unqualified upon inspection.
4.7 Engineering Measurement Quality Control
The measurement team is responsible for the quality work of engineering measurement. The quality control of engineering measurement specifically consists of the following points:
(l) Familiar with the design documents, responsible for receiving the original datum points, baselines, elevations, etc. provided by the owner, and verifying the repeated measurements;
(2) Protect the control points and do a good job in pile protection;
(3) Calculate the stakeout data according to the design documents, measure and stake out the scale, elevation, line type, etc. of the project, and be responsible for the stakeout results;
(4) Do a good job in each cycle Measure the setting out work, check the excavation quality of the upper cycle, and control over and under excavation.
(5) Keep measurement records and the records should be neat and tidy for inspection.
(6) According to the construction progress, make control wires in time and review them frequently.
(7) Carry out internal measurement work and organize and summarize measurement results.
4.8 Construction process quality control
4.8.1 Hole excavation quality control:
①Choose reasonable drilling and blasting methods according to different geological conditions parameter.
② Do a good job of measuring and setting out before drilling to improve the accuracy of line drawing and gun shooting.
③ Strictly control the drilling accuracy, smooth blasting, full-section one-time excavation, use asymmetrical detonators, use optical explosive rolls for peripheral holes, do not couple the charges, and reduce the impact of blasting on surrounding rocks. Impact, ensuring that tunnel excavation specifications meet quality requirements.
④ Ventilate in a timely manner after each row of guns, and carry out skidding and clearing work in a timely manner when entering the working surface, so as to create a safe space for the next step of work.
⑤ Conduct cross-section inspection and blasting effect assessment in a timely manner after each row of guns. Those that do not meet the standards must be dealt with in a timely manner, analyze their causes, and propose corrective measures to provide a corrective basis for the excavation of the lower row of guns.
⑥Quality control procedures for tunnel excavation
4.8.2 Quality control of anchor shotcrete support
①Strictly control raw materials such as cement, sand, gravel, steel bars, etc. quality.
② Use stable water pressure to ensure the quality of anchor and shotcrete support.
③The anchor length, diameter, hole depth, hole spacing and row spacing should meet the design requirements, the grouting must be full, and the anchoring force must meet the design requirements.
④ Before spray concrete construction, first clean the pumice and other debris on the sprayed surface, and use a jet machine to spray water to clean the sprayed surface.
⑤ Control the strength of the sprayed concrete and mix the materials strictly according to the designed mix ratio. The average compressive strength of the same batch of test blocks should meet the design requirements.
⑥Control the thickness of shotcrete to meet the quality and assessment requirements of shotcrete.
⑦Frequently check the powder level and rebound of shotcrete, and adjust the spray direction and work according to the actual situation Keep the pressure as low as possible.
⑧The surface of the sprayed concrete should be smooth and smooth, and the sprayed concrete should be sprayed with water and cured according to the specifications.
⑨ Quality control procedures for anchor shotcrete support
4.8.3 Quality control of concrete lining
Concrete lining is the main sub-project of tunnel construction, with many processes and Quality requirements are high, so quality must be strictly controlled. Some hidden projects in the lining, such as steel bar production and installation, foundation rock surface, etc. must be covered and transferred to the next process after passing the inspection and acceptance by the supervisor.
8-7 Concrete lining quality control program block diagram
① Strict the quality of cement, sand, and gravel, and construct in strict accordance with the proportion to ensure the concrete label and quality;
② The shaped steel formwork should be installed strictly according to the installation drawing to ensure installation accuracy;
③ The shaped steel formwork must be accurately positioned by surveyors using instruments, and can only be poured after being inspected by the supervising engineer and obtaining visa approval. :
④ Ensure that the pouring surface is clean and the base cleaning meets the requirements. If there is a leaking working surface, reliable drainage measures must be taken. The plugs of the steel mold must be firm and the joints must be tight to prevent slurry leakage;
⑤ After the formwork is removed within the specified time, maintenance must be carried out according to relevant specifications to ensure the pouring quality. During pouring, the early strength agent should be put in according to the design;
⑥All equipment and power supply should be checked before pouring to prevent stoppages during the process. If there is a stoppage that exceeds the working time, construction joints should be processed.
4.8.4 Backfill grouting and consolidation grouting
① The drilling of grouting holes shall be carried out in sequence and in sections according to the grouting procedure. The hole position must be accurate and the hole depth must comply with the design. It is required that the deviation of the hole bottom should not be greater than 1/40 of the hole depth.
②After drilling is completed, the grouting holes should be flushed according to regulations and properly protected until they pass the acceptance inspection.
③ The preparation of grouting slurry should be strictly carried out in accordance with the requirements of hydraulic grouting specifications, and prepared and used according to the different needs of each grouting point.
④ After grouting, grout sealing measures must be taken to prevent grout from leaking out.
⑤The grouting work should be strictly recorded and tested, and the pressure gauge should be checked frequently.
⑥After grouting, cement mortar should be used to seal the hole using mechanical grouting method, and the hole should be smoothed.
⑦ Consolidated grouting is divided into grouting units according to the principle of sequential densification, with sequential densification between rings and densification within the rings.
5Quality inspection and quality information
5. lProject quality inspection and evaluation
(1) The project quality acceptance standards shall be implemented in accordance with the "Quality Grade Evaluation Standard for Water Conservancy and Hydropower Capital Construction Project Units" (SDJ249-88), and the project quality acceptance shall be implemented; one vote will veto; system.
(2) The division of sub-parts and sub-projects shall be carried out in accordance with the "Notice of the Supervisory Engineer".
(3) Those whose projects have not been inspected or failed to pass the inspection are not allowed to enter the next process.
(4) After the construction of each sub-project is completed, relevant personnel should be organized in a timely manner to conduct inspection and evaluation (including concealed projects) in accordance with regulations. The quality inspection information should be filled in before the project is inspected and evaluated, and a signature should be signed to show responsibility when the inspection is passed.
5.2 Quality data
(l) Quality data is a reflection of the construction process. It truly reflects the entire process of project construction and is also the main quality data related to the safe operation of the project. Its significance is extraordinary. Therefore it must be taken very seriously.
(2) The project department designates a dedicated person to be responsible for filling in, collecting, sorting, and summarizing quality-related information.
(3) The project department establishes a set of various forms covering tests, processes, materials, geology, etc., and collects various data.
(4) When filling in quality information, the information should be timely and true, and the handwriting should be neat and clear.
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