Genghis Khan's imperial edict to Qiu Chuji
Jenghiz Khan
Mr. Jin Yong said such a thing in The Legend of the Condor Heroes: Genghis Khan was old and weak in his later years. When he heard that Qiu Chuji, one of the "all true seven sons", had the secret of longevity, he sent a letter to Qiu Chuji to go to Khan's tent and wanted to ask him about longevity. Qiu Chuji readily accepted the order and led his disciples not far from Wan Li to the Great Snow Mountain in the Western Regions to remonstrate with Genghis Khan. So, is history really like this?
In the novel, in order to highlight the heroic image of Guo Jing, Jin Yong did not highlight Qiu Chuji's A Chinese Odyssey. But in the real history, Qiu Chuji's mentoring relationship is quite extraordinary. They went through hardships and even gave their lives, and finally they were able to convince Genghis Khan to show compassion for the people and save thousands of people. It can be said that Qiu Chuji's contribution is far greater than that of Guo Jing.
It has been passed down for 300 years.
Qiu Chuji was born in 1 148, a native of Shandong, whose real name is "Changchun Zi". He studied under Wang Zhongyang, the founder of Quanzhen Sect, and was one of the famous "Quanzhen Seven Sons". 12 17 became the fifth head of quanzhen religion. At that time, due to frequent wars and sufferings of people's livelihood, many people joined Quanzhen Sect to seek spiritual sustenance, and Quanzhen Sect became famous in the north. And 70-year-old Qiu Chuji, with beautiful hair, blue eyes and square eyes, is said to be proficient in "the art of longevity" and "the art of governing the world". These rumors also reached the ears of Genghis Khan, who led an army to the west to explore China. At this time, the great Khan was in his ear, and he felt that his energy was declining and his old age was approaching. People around him advised him that Qiu Chuji, who is over 300 years old, must have the ability to live forever. Such a fairy should be invited quickly. So, in 12 19, Genghis Khan wrote a humble and sincere letter and sent Liu Zhonglu to invite Qiu Chuji.
At first, Qiu Chuji was embarrassed to receive the imperial edict. Quanzhen always advocates abstinence and quiet, and doesn't want to have anything to do with troubled times politics. To this end, he refused the invitation of Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty. However, Qiu Chuji assessed the situation and thought that Mongolian rulers were likely to rule the country. For the development of Quanzhen religion, he finally decided to petition. At the same time, he also wanted to take the opportunity to plead for the people and persuade Mongolia to sweat less and kill innocent people.
Disciple of Qiu Chuji's former residence died on the way to the west.
12 19 In the twelfth lunar month, Qiu Chuji led Yin Zhiping, Li Zhichang and other disciples 18 to set out from western Shandong. On February 20th of the following year, I arrived in Yanjing (now Beijing) under the rule of Mongolia at that time. Local officials, scholars and monks went to Lugouqiao to meet the immortals invited by Khan. And civilians seeking Qiu Chuji's autograph are in an endless stream. They hope that with Qiu Chuji's Mo Bao as a talisman, they can avoid the burning, killing and looting of Mongolian troops.
At this time, Genghis Khan, who led the army to the west, went further and further. Seeing that Genghis Khan could not be seen in Yanjing, Qiu Chuji wrote to Chen Qingbiao, saying that he was too old to govern the country. He hopes to see Khan when he returns to the East. Liu Zhonglu thought that Qiu Chuji was talking about conditions, so he suggested choosing some beautiful girls to accompany him. Unexpectedly, this suddenly angered Qiu Chuji. Liu Zhonglu quickly sent someone to inform this situation. Genghis Khan once again earnestly urged Qiu Chuji to go west. 122 1 February 8, 2008, Qiu Chuji set foot on the journey of Wan Li, advanced into the Saibei Plateau, and began his journey to the west for more than a year.
When Qiu Chuji arrived at Lake Baikal, the residence of Genghis Khan's fourth brother, Wochen, Wochen also wanted to ask him about prolonging life. Just as Qiu Chuji was about to teach him, it suddenly snowed heavily. Model Chen got a fright, thinking that he wanted to get ahead of Brother Khan, and that the secret of immortality caused widespread indignation and discontent, so he had to give up.
Not to mention the hardships on the way to the west, it is often harassed by sandstorms and quicksand. When it is difficult, the car is stuck in quicksand, the horse is stagnant, and people can't move. Zhao Jiugu, one of Qiu Chuji's accompanying disciples, even died on the westbound road.
Hindu Kush lived together for a year, and the immortals preached.
1In the early summer of 222, Qiu Chuji finally arrived at Daxue Mountain (now Hindu Kush Mountain) and met Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan was very happy to see that Qiu Chuji was indeed a sage like type, so he came straight to the point and begged him for the elixir of life. Qiu Chuji is obviously mentally prepared. He said: "There is only a way to live, and there is no medicine to live forever." People who are short-lived are all because they "don't know the way of hygiene." The way to preserve one's health is to "clear one's heart and lack desires", that is, "one is to get rid of distractions, the other is to reduce selfish desires, and the third is to maintain peace of mind."
In the days when they lived together day by day, Qiu Chuji constantly exhorted Genghis Khan with the little things around him. Once, when Genghis Khan was hunting a wild boar, he suddenly lost his front hoof, but the wild boar was afraid to pounce on Genghis Khan. Afterwards, Qiu Chuji remonstrated, saying, "Heaven has the virtue of good life. Your majesty is old now, so he should go out hunting less. Falling off a horse is God's warning to your majesty. And the wild boar dare not approach, it is God who is protecting your majesty. " Genghis Khan was convinced of this and said to the people around him, "As long as it is the advice of the gods, I will certainly do it in the future." When Genghis Khan crossed the bridge, the bridge was suddenly broken by lightning. Qiu Chuji said that this is God's warning to Mongolians who are not filial to their parents. So Genghis Khan told the people of China to obey the instructions of the gods and be filial. Qiu Chuji also advised Genghis Khan many times that the art of governing the country should be based on "respecting heaven and loving the people", and should sympathize with the sufferings of the people and protect their lives.
Although these "secret recipes" formulated by Qiu Chuji were not really needed by Genghis Khan, they were not fully recognized by him, but to some extent, they alleviated the cruel killing of Han people by Mongolian rulers. Emperor Kangxi once praised: "When you stop killing in one word, you will know that you have made great contributions to saving the world."
Quanzhen Seven Portraits Save Tens of Thousands of Libin People
In the spring of 1223, Qiu Chuji stayed with Genghis Khan for a year. Not adapting to the plateau climate and missing his homeland, Qiu Chuji decided to return to the East. In March, Khan reluctantly bid farewell to Qiu Chuji and gave him many treasures, but he was declined. So Genghis Khan issued a letter to exempt Quanzhen believers from taxes and sent five thousand cavalry to escort him home.
Qiu Chuji, anxious to return, completed the whole journey in only four months. Genghis Khan also issued an imperial edict, asking him whether his return trip was smooth and whether his life was normal now, and saying, "I often miss immortals, and immortals should not forget me!" " "Later, Genghis Khan gave Qiu Chuji the official seal of Khufu, and ordered Yanjing Province to give the imperial garden of the former ruler to Quanzhen Sect to build a palace view. Since then, Qiu Chuji has been able to carry forward Quanzhen religion, build Taoist temples, take charge of Taoism in the world, and achieved the status equivalent to that of a Mongolian teacher. Qiu Chuji also rescued a large number of people from the Central Plains with official seals, and rescued 20,000 to 30,000 people who were taken into slavery by the Mongols.
1227, Qiu Chuji died at the age of 79. Disciple Li Zhichang edited a Journey to the West by a real person in Changchun after his death, describing this extraordinary journey. Because Qiu Chuji has traveled all over Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and other countries, this book has also become the first-hand information for future generations to study the history and culture of Central Asia in the13rd century, and Russian, French and English versions have been published one after another.
Related links: Quanzhen religion
Taoist Sect, also known as Quanzhen religion or Quanzhen religion. Chu Jin was founded. Wang Zhongyang, the founder, became Quanzhen Church in Ninghai, Shandong Province (now Mu Ping, Shandong Province), and all those who enter the Tao are called Quanzhen Christians. This school has absorbed some thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and advocated the coexistence of the three religions and the unity of the three religions. Taking Tao Te Ching, Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra and Filial Piety Sutra as the main classics, people are taught to be "pure in filial piety", "sincere in heart, and less in thinking". In the early days, he mainly lived in seclusion, not paying attention to verve and yellow and white skills.
Quanzhen Taoism believes that quietness is the foundation of monasticism. Only by putting aside feelings and desires and keeping a peaceful mind can we return to simplicity, know our hearts and see nature clearly. This school pays attention to the cultivation of "destiny" and thinks that "those who have sex are also gods, and those who have life are also qi", and "those who are integrated with qi and spirit are called immortals". It is advocated that monks must become monks, and endure humiliation and filth, suffer for themselves and others, abstain from killing, eat less and sleep less. Jin Ping Mei Shi Lu said that this kind of religion "takes weakness and modesty as the table, quietness and nothingness as the inside, returning to nine and returning to seven as the reality (refining the inner alchemy according to the finger-guiding), and taking ever-changing as the right". After Wang Zhongyang's death, seven disciples, including Ma Yu, continued to preach in Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places, and founded seven schools (see North Seven True Schools), namely, Yuxian, Nanwu, Suishan, Longmen, Lushan, Huashan and Jingjing, but their teachings and cultivation methods were roughly similar.
During the 15th and 18th years of Yuan Taizu (1220 ~ 1223), Qiu Chuji was summoned to visit Yuan Taizu in the snow-capped mountains in the western regions, and was treated with courtesy. He was ordered to take charge of Taoism and build temples in various places, and Quanzhen Taoism entered its heyday. In the process of development, due to the continuous occupation of Buddhist temples and the propaganda of "Lao Zi changed into Hu", monks were dissatisfied, which led to the eight-year (1258) debate between Buddhism and Taoism. As a result, Quanzhen Road failed. Xianzong ordered Quanzhen Taoism to return more than 200 monasteries occupied, which made the Taoists lose their jobs and burned Laozi's Hu Jing and its engraving. In the eighteenth year of Yuan Shizu to Yuan Dynasty (128 1), Buddhism and Taoism debated again, and Quanzhen Taoism ended in failure. Except the Tao Te Ching, all other Taoist classics were burned, which dealt a heavy blow to Quanzhen Taoism. In Yuan Chengzong, the ban was gradually relaxed and Quanzhen religion was restored. In the Ming Dynasty, the court attached importance to the road of justice, while the road of quanzhen was relatively weakened. After entering the Qing Dynasty, it declined.
There are many historical materials in the early period of Quanzhen Taoism. There are Wang Zhongyang and Beiqizhen's works in the orthodox collection, and Qin Zhi 'an's Record of Jin Ping Mei, Li Daoqian's Chronicle of Qizhen, Zhong Nanshan's Ancestor Biography, Narcissus Source Record and so on. But there are not many historical materials in the later period. The Daoyuan in Changchun by Qing Dynasty and the New Taoism in Hebei in the Early Southern Song Dynasty by Chen Yuan today have made some textual research and discussion on the history of Quanzhen Taoism.
Quanzhen religion is one of the largest schools of Taoism in the later period, which has been continuing with the orthodox school since the Yuan Dynasty. One of its important characteristics is that the idea of Quanzhen religion and the integration of the three religions is very distinct. Quanzhen follows the example of Zen Buddhism, without writing, pays attention to the cultivation of Inner alchemy in practice methods, opposes the techniques of Fu You and Huang Bai, takes the cultivation of truth as the right path, understands the heart and nature, eliminates feelings and desires, tolerates shame and filth, and suffers for others as a religion. Quanzhen Sect stipulates that Taoist priests must become monks, live in Taoist temples and not marry, and has formulated strict rules and regulations, which is quite different from the orthodox Sect.
Quanzhen Taoism is one of the two major schools of Taoism in China in the later period. Founded in the early Jin Dynasty, it later merged with other factions of Dante. The big faction has been passed down to this day.