Subject content of network administrator exam

65438+

1. 1 hardware knowledge

1. 1. 1 computer structure

Computer composition (arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input and output components)

Instruction system (instruction, addressing mode, CISC, RISC)

Multiprocessors (tightly coupled system, loosely coupled system, array processor, dual-computer system, synchronization)

. processor performance

1. 1.2 memory

Storage media (semiconductor memory, magnetic memory, optical memory)

. storage system

Main memory and auxiliary memory

Main memory type, main memory capacity and performance

Main memory configuration (main memory parity, AC * access, multilevel main memory, main memory protection system)

. stash

Performance and capacity calculation of auxiliary storage devices

1. 1.3 input and output structure and equipment

I/O interface (interrupt, DMA, channel, SCSI, parallel interface, universal interface bus, RS232, USB, IEEE 1394, infrared data association, input and output control system, channel).

Types and characteristics of input and output devices

1. 1.4 Basic knowledge of embedded system

1.2 operating system knowledge

The basic concept of 1.2. 1

Definition, characteristics, functions and classification of operating system (batch, time-sharing, real-time, network and distributed)

multiprogram

Kernel and interrupt control

. Processes and threads

1.2.2 processor management, storage management, equipment management, file management and job management

State and transition of process.

Process scheduling algorithm (time-sharing rotation, priority, preemption)

deadlock

Storage management scheme (segmentation and paging, virtual memory, page replacement algorithm)

Equipment management related technologies (spooling, buffering, DMA, bus, plug and play technology)

. file management

* * * Access and security (* * * Access mode, availability and security, recovery and handling, environmental protection mechanism)

. State and transition of work

Job scheduling algorithm (first come, first served, short job first, high response rate first)

1.3 system configuration method

1.3. 1 system configuration technology

System architecture mode (2-tier, 3-tier and multi-tier C/S and B/S systems)

System configuration methods (dual-machine, duplex, hot backup, fault tolerance, tightly coupled multiprocessor, loosely coupled multiprocessor)

Processing mode (centralized, distributed, batch processing, real-time system, WEB computing, mobile computing)

1.3.2 system performance

Performance design (system adjustment, response characteristics)

Performance indicators, performance evaluation (test benchmark, system monitoring)

1.3.3 system reliability

. Reliability calculation (mean time between failures, MTTR, availability, failure rate)

Reliability design (allocation and evaluation of fault safety, soft fault, component reliability and system reliability)

Reliability index and reliability evaluation

2. Basic knowledge of system development and operation

2. 1 system development foundation

2. 1. 1 demand analysis and design scheme

Demand analysis

Structured analysis design

Object-oriented design

Module design, I/O design and manual interface design.

2. 1.2 development environment

Development tools (design tools, programming tools, testing tools, cases)

integrated development environment

2. 1.3 Examination review method

test method

appraisal procedure

Test design and management methods (injection failure, system test)

2. 1.4 Basic knowledge of project management

Make a project plan

Quality planning, management and evaluation

Process management (PERT chart, Gantt chart, work breakdown structure, schedule control, critical path)

structure management

Personnel planning and management

Document management (document specifications, change procedures)

Development organization and role (development team members, project managers)

Cost organization and risk management

2. 1.5 system auditability

Audit methods and audit clues

Incorporate auditability into the system.

2.2 knowledge of system operation and maintenance

2.2. 1 system operation

The system can run management (computer system, network)

System cost management

System operation (job scheduling, data I/O management, operation manual)

User management (ID registration and management)

Equipment and facility management (power supply, air conditioning equipment, equipment management, facility safety management)

System fault management (handling procedures, monitoring, recovery process, preventive measures)

safety management

. Performance management

System running tools (automatic operation tools, monitoring tools, diagnostic tools)

System conversion (transition to running stage, running test, version control)

System operation service standard

system maintenance

Maintenance types (perfect maintenance, corrective maintenance, adaptive maintenance and preventive maintenance)

Implementation of maintenance (daily inspection, regular maintenance, preventive maintenance, post-event maintenance and remote maintenance)

Hardware maintenance, software maintenance and maintenance contract

3. Network technology

3. 1 network architecture

. network topology

. Site inspection /RM

Application layer protocols (FTP, TELNET, SNMP, DHCP, POP, SMTP, HTTP).

Transport layer protocols (TCP, UDP)

Network layer protocol IP(IP address, subnet mask)

Data link layer protocols (ARP, RARP, PPP, SLIP)

. physical address

3.2 Coding and transmission

3.2. 1 modulation and coding

. AM, FM, PM, AM

. PCM, sampling

transmission technology

Communication mode (simplex/half duplex/full duplex, serial/parallel, 2-wire /4-wire)

Error control (CRC, Hamming code, parity check, bit error rate)

Synchronization control (start-stop synchronization, synchronization synchronization, flag synchronization, frame synchronization)

Multiplexing (FDM, TDM, WDM)

Compression and decompression methods (JEPG, MPEG, MH, MR, MMR, run length)

Transmission control

. Competition system

. Polling/selection system

Basic rules, multi-link rules, transmission control characters, line control

. High-level Data Link Control (high-level data link control)

3.2.4 switching technology (circuit switching, store and forward, packet switching, ATM switching, frame relay)

3.2.5 Public networks and leased lines

3.3 Network

3.3. 1 network classification

. Classification by geographical scope (local area network, metropolitan area network, wide area network)

. Classification by service (Internet, Intranet)

. Classification by transmission media (telephone, data, video)

Classification by telecommunication network (station, access, backbone)

local area network

. LAN topology (bus, star, token bus)

Access Control System (CSMA/ CD, Token Ring, Token Bus)

. LAN connection, LAN-WAN connection, peer-to-peer connection, point-to-point connection.

High-speed LAN technology (Gigabit Ethernet)

WLAN

3. 3. 3 Common structures

3. 3. 4 WAN and remote transmission services

Leased line service, line switching service and packet switching service.

ISDN, VPN, frame relay, ATM, IP connection service.

Satellite communication service, mobile communication service and international communication service.

3.3.5 Internet

Internet concept (Internet interconnection equipment, TCP/IP, IP routing, DNS, proxy server)

E-mail (agreement, mailing list)

. Web(HTTP, browser, URL, HTML, XML)

. File transfer (FTP)

Search engines (full-text search, directory search, intelligent search)

. QoS、CGI、VoIP

3.3.6 Access network and access technology

Network nature

Calculate line performance (transmission speed, line utilization rate, line capacity, traffic volume and flow design)

Performance assignment

Application of queuing theory

3.4 Network communication equipment

3.4. 1 transmission medium and communication cable

Wired/wireless media (twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fiber; Radio waves, light, infrared rays)

. Distribution frame (IDF), main distribution frame (MDF)

3.4.2 All kinds of communication equipment

. Line terminal equipment, multiplexing equipment, switching equipment and switching equipment.

Line connection equipment (modem, DSU, NCU, TA, CCU, PBX)

3.5 Network connection equipment

Internet connection equipment (network card, bridge, spanning tree bridge, source routing bridge, router, repeater, hub, switch)

3.6 Network software system

3.6. 1 network operating system

Function, classification and characteristics of network operating system

Network device driver (ODI, NDIS)

Network communication system function call (socket API)

. Remote position control

. TP monitor

. distributed file system

Network equipment * * *

administration of networks

Functional domains of network management (security management, configuration management, fault management, performance management and billing management)

Network management protocols (CMIS/CMIP, SNMP, RMON, MIB-II).

Network management tools (ping, traceroute, NetXray, analyzer, sniffer)

Network management platforms (OpenView, NetView, SunNet, Manager)

Distributed network management

3.6.3 Network Applications and Services

. World Wide Web

. FTP file transfer

. e-mail

. A standard protocol for remote connection service or software (which can be a verb) that implements this protocol.

. Online video

Network conference

distance learning

E-commerce / electronic commerce

e-government

. CSCW group

4. Network security

4. 1 safety calculation

4. 1. 1 confidentiality and integrity

. Private key and public key encryption standards (DES, IDES, RSA)

Authentication (digital signature, identity authentication)

. Honesty (sand,)

. Access control (access rights, passwords)

4. 1.2 illegal intrusion and virus protection

. firewall

. intrusion detection

. Virtual private network, VLAN

Security protocols (IPSec, SSL, ETS, PGP, S-HTTP, TLS).

. Hardware security

Computer virus protection

4. 1.3 Availability

. Backup and recovery of files

4. 1.4 safety protection

Personal information control

anonymous

. Untraceable

4. 1.5 LAN security

Availability of network equipment

Coping with natural disasters

environmental safety

. UPS

4.2 Risk management

Risk analysis and assessment

Risk response measures

Risk prevention (risk transfer, risk fund, computer insurance)

Accident plan (accident category, action plan for handling accidents)

4.2.3 Internal control

Safety rules and regulations

. Security policy and security management

5. Standardization knowledge

5. 1 formulation and acquisition of standards

5. 1. 1 standard formulation and acquisition process

5. 1.2 standardization of environmental and safety assessment

5.2 Standardization of information system infrastructure

5.2. 1 standard

International standards (ISO, IEC) and American standards (ANSI).

national standard

Industry standards and enterprise standards

5.2.2 Open systems (X/Open, OSF, POSIX)

5.2.3 Data exchange standard (EDIFACT, SETP, XML)

safty standard

Information system security measures

Computer antivirus standard

Computer anti-illegal access standard

. CC standard

. information security certification

5.3 Standardization Organization

International Organization for Standardization (ISO, IEC, IETF, IEEE, IAB, W3C)

American organization for standardization

European organization for standardization

China National Standardization Committee

3. Basic knowledge of informatization

Information consciousness

Global informatization trend, national informatization strategy, enterprise informatization strategy and strategy.

Basic knowledge of enterprise information resource management

Internet-related laws and regulations knowledge

Personal information protection rules

4. Computer English

Master the basic vocabulary of computer technology

Be able to read and understand English materials in computer field correctly. 1. 1 network system requirements analysis.

Analysis of application requirements of 1. 1. 1

Survey of application requirements (application system performance, information industry and receiving point, data volume and frequency, data type and data flow direction)

Network application analysis

1. 1.2 Analysis of existing network system

Investigate the existing network system structure (number and location of servers, number and location of clients, number of simultaneous accesses, number of users per day). Time of each use, data quantity of each data transmission, period of network congestion, adopted protocol, communication mode)

Analysis of existing network architecture

1. 1.3 demand analysis

. Functional requirements (functions to be realized)

Communication requirements (desired communication mode)

. Performance requirements (desired performance)

. Reliability requirements (expected reliability)

. Safety requirements (safety standards)

Maintenance and operation requirements (operation and maintenance costs)

. Management Requirements (Management Policy)

Design of 1.2 network system

1.2. 1 investigation and evaluation of technology and products

gather information

Comparative study on adopted technology and products

Key points of comparison of adopted technology and equipment

1.2.2 design of network system

Confirm agreement

Determine the topological structure

. Determine the connection (communication performance of the link)

Determine the node (the processing capacity of the node)

Determining the performance of the network (performance simulation)

. Measures to determine reliability

Determine the safety measures (investigate the safety measures and evaluate the technology and equipment to realize the safety measures)

The selection of network equipment, the formulation of selection criteria (cost, performance, capacity, throughput and delay), the consistency of performance indicators, the necessity of advanced testing, and the confirmation of interconnection.

1.2.3 new network business operation plan

1.2.4 design review

Construction and test of 1.3 network system

Install 1.3. 1

Prepare in advance

Process supervision

1.3.2 testing and evaluation

. Connection test

. Safety test

performance test

1.3.3 Work plan for switching to the new network

2. Operation, maintenance, management and evaluation of network system

2. 1 network system operation and maintenance

2. 1. 1 user metric

User management, user training and user consultation

2. 1.2 Formulate maintenance and upgrade strategies and plans.

Determine the strategy

Establishment of equipment

Review time

. Upgrade time

2. 1.3 Implementation of maintenance and upgrade

Key points of external contract

Internal realization point

2. 1.4 backup and data recovery

Data storage and processing

. support

. data recovery

2. 1.5 network system configuration management

facility management

software management

Network configuration diagram

2.2 Management of network system

2.2. 1 network system monitoring

Network management protocols (SNMP, MIB-2, RMON)

Using tools to monitor network performance (LAN controller)

Use tools to monitor network failures.

Using tools to monitor network security (intrusion detection system)

. Checkpoints for performance monitoring

Home inspection of safety monitoring

Fault recovery analysis

Key points of fault analysis (LAN monitoring program)

Main points of troubleshooting

Key points of writing fault report

2.2.3 system performance analysis

Key points of system performance

2.2.4 Countermeasures for potential safety hazards

Analysis of potential safety hazards (investigating losses, collecting safety information and finding out the reasons)

Key points of intrusion detection

Key points of dealing with computer virus (virus killing measures)

2.3 Evaluation of network system

2.3. 1 system evaluation

Limitation of system capacity

Analysis of potential problems

Key points of system evaluation

2.3.2 Suggestions for system improvement

System life cycle

System economic benefit

Scalability of the system

The key points of improving the system are put forward.

3. Implementation technology of network system

3. 1 network protocol

Commercial network protocols (SNA/APPN, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, TCP/IP).

Commercial protocol (XML, CORBA, COM/DCOM, EJB)

. Web services (WSDL, SOAP, UDDI)

3.2 Reliability design

Hardware high reliability technology

Software high reliability technology

High reliability technology of system maintenance

fault-tolerant technique

. Communication quality

3.3 Network facilities

3.3. 1xDSL modem

SDN router

. connect

. Function (non-communication control function, NAT function)

3. 3. 3 Frame assembly/disassembly and cladding assembly/disassembly

. connect

. function

Remote access server

. Functions and mechanisms

3.3.5 Office Personal Handheld System (PHS)

Functional characteristics of digital cordless telephone

Relay hub

. Two-speed hub (function and mechanism)

3.3.7 Functions and mechanisms of L2L2, L3, L4 and multilayer switches

3.3.8IP router function and control

3.3.9 Virtual Network (Function and Mechanism)

3.3. 10 and other protocols (multi-protocol router, IP tunnel)

3.4 Network application services

3.4 1 address service

. Mechanism, DHCP, IPv6 (mechanism and transmission technology)

3.4.2DNS (function, mechanism)

. Domain name, FQDN

3.4.3 E-mail (function, mechanism)

. SMPT, pop music, mime, IMAP4, LDAP

. Mailing list

. Internet mail

3.4.4 Electronic News (Function and Mechanism, NNTP)

3. 4. 5 Network service (function and mechanism, HTTP)

3.4.6 Load Distribution (Network Switching)

3.4.7 Electronic authentication (function, mechanism, authentication authorization, electronic certificate)

3.4.8 Service mechanism

Service provider, provider roaming service, dial-up IP connection, CATV connection, IPD telephone, Internet broadcasting, e-commerce, e-government, mobile communication, EZweb, host service provider, EDI (rules, forms, web

EDI), B2B, B2C, ASP, data center

4. New network technology

4. 1 optical fiber network

. ATM-PDS、STM-PDS

passive optical network, pon

4.2 Wireless Network

Mobile phone system (WLL, WCDMA, CMDA2000, TD-SCDMA)

High-speed fixed wireless access (FWA)

. 802. 1 1a、802. 1 1b、802. 1 1g

. Microwave access (MMDS LMDS)

Satellite access

Bluetooth access