Official name

"Peace Treaty with Japan" English "treaty of peace with japan"

Participating countries

September 1951 On the 4th, the United States unilaterally invited 52 countries to hold a peace conference with Japan in San Francisco. The San Francisco Conference was entirely an important product of the United States' efforts to support Japan, attack and isolate China and other socialist countries, and quickly establish a Cold War order in Asia. Since the drafting of the draft peace treaty with Japan was monopolized by the United States and was formulated almost entirely based on the United States' international arrangements and role expectations for Japan after World War II, the San Francisco Peace Conference aroused strong dissatisfaction from many countries. For example, India and Burma, which had suffered Japanese aggression and participated in the war against Japan, refused to participate in the San Francisco Conference. On September 8, representatives of the 49 countries participating in the peace conference signed the peace treaty with Japan, but the Soviet Union, Poland and Czechoslovakia refused to sign.

China was the main force in the fight against Japanese militarist aggression in World War II and the one that made the greatest sacrifice in the fight against Japanese aggression. However, China was brutally shut out because of the obstruction of the United States. On September 18, Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai issued a statement on behalf of the Chinese government, sternly stating that the San Francisco Peace Conference was a one-sided meeting and that China refused to accept the legitimacy of the peace treaty. At the same time, North Korea, Mongolia, the People's Democratic Republic of Vietnam and other countries have also issued statements not to recognize the "San Francisco Peace Treaty".

Impact

Fifty years have passed, and the "San Francisco Peace Treaty", a "freak" bred by the United States' Cold War mentality at that time, is still tormenting Asian politics. To this day, the unresolved issues in East Asia A series of territorial secession disputes are somehow related to the Treaty of San Francisco.

Full text of the Peace Treaty (translated into Chinese)

The Allies and Japan decided that their future relations would be those between sovereign equal countries, carried out in a friendly union

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Cooperate in order to promote their common welfare and maintain international peace and security. Therefore, we are willing to conclude a peace treaty to solve

all unresolved problems caused by the state of war existing between them.

Japan states its intention: to request to join the United Nations and to abide by the principles of the United Nations Charter in all circumstances; to be committed to the realization of the purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; to try to create domestic Stability and welfare conditions are as stipulated in Articles 50 and 56 of the United Nations Charter and have been created by Japanese legislation after the surrender; and in terms of public and private trade and commerce,

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Comply with internationally accepted fair practices.

The Allies welcomed Japan’s wishes mentioned in the previous section.

The Allied Powers and Japan, therefore, have resolved to conclude this Treaty of Peace, and to this end the plenipotentiaries of each of them, signed hereafter, have presented their credentials

for review and deem them appropriate. , the following articles were agreed upon:

Chapter 1 Peace

Article 1

A. The state of war between Japan and each Allied Power shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of this Treaty, cease upon the entry into force of this Treaty concluded between Japan and that Allied Power.

B. The Allies recognize the Japanese people's complete sovereignty over Japan and its territorial waters.

Chapter 2 Territory

Article 2

A. Japan recognizes the independence of Korea and renounces all rights, rights, and claims against Korea, including Jeju Island, Geomun Island, and Ulleung Island.

B. Japan renounces all rights, claims and claims to Taiwan and the Penghu Islands.

C. Japan renounces all rights, grounds and claims to the Kuril Islands, part of Sakhalin Island and its adjacent islands which it gained sovereignty from as a result of the Treaty of Portsmouth on September 5, 1905.

Ding. Japan renounces all rights, grounds for rights and claims related to the League of Nations mandate system and accepts the mandate of the United Nations Security Council on April 2, 1947 to implement the mandate system on the Pacific islands formerly mandated by Japan. measures.

E. Japan waives all claims to any rights, claims or interests in any part of the Antarctic Territory, whether acquired through the activities of Japanese nationals or otherwise.

Already. Japan waives all rights, claims and claims to Nanwei Island and the Paracel Islands.

Article 3

Japan’s response to the United States’ proposal to the United Nations to transfer the Nansei Islands (including the Ryukyu Islands and Daito Islands) south of the 29th parallel north latitude

, The southern islands south of Iwajima Island (including the Ogasawara Islands, Nishinoshima Islands and Ryukwan Islands), Okinotori Island and Minamitori Island

are placed under the United Nations trusteeship system, and are Any proposal in which the United States is the sole governing authority will be agreed to. Until such

proposals are made and affirmative measures are taken in response to such proposals, the United States will have the right to exercise all rights over the territories of such islands and their inhabitants, including their

territorial waters. and any executive, legislative and judicial powers.

Article 4

A. The property of Japan and its nationals in the areas referred to in Article 2 and the requirements for existing administrative authorities and residents (including legal persons) of such areas, including the settlement of debts, and such administrative authorities and the property of residents in Japan and the handling of such administrative authorities' requests from Japan and its nationals, including the handling of debts, should be negotiated between Japan and these administrative authorities

< p>Measures. The property of any Allied Power or of its nationals in the area referred to in Article 2, which has not yet been restored, shall be restored by the administrative authorities in their present condition (for the purposes of this Treaty, the term "national" includes including legal persons).

This paragraph shall be subject to the provisions of paragraph B of this article.

B. Japan recognizes that the disposal of property of Japan and its nationals in any area referred to in Articles 2 and 3 by the military government of the United States

, or the disposal of such property in accordance with the orders of the military government of the United States, is valid.

C. Undersea electric lines owned by Japan connecting Japan and the territories seceded from Japanese rule in accordance with this treaty shall be distributed equally.

Japan retains the terminus in Japan and half of its associated wires, and the seceded territory retains half of the remaining wires and their associated terminal equipment.

Chapter 3 Safety

Article 5

A. Japan accepts the obligations under Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations, especially the following obligations:

(1) International disputes should be resolved by peaceful means so as not to endanger international peace, security and justice;

(2) In its international relations, threats or force shall not be used, or any other method inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations shall be used to infringe

the territorial integrity or political independence of any country;

(3) Every effort should be made to assist the United Nations in actions taken in accordance with the provisions of the Charter, and when the United Nations takes preventive or enforcement actions against any country, it shall not provide assistance to that country.

B. All allies affirmed that their relations with Japan will be governed by the principles of Article 2 of the United Nations Charter.

C. The allied countries recognize Japan as a sovereign state with the natural right of individual or collective self-defense mentioned in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, and can voluntarily join collective security agreements.

Article 6

A. All occupying forces of the Allied Powers shall evacuate Japan as soon as possible after the entry into force of this Treaty, and in any event not later than ninety days after the entry into force of this Treaty. However, the provisions of this paragraph shall not prevent foreign armed forces from stationing or remaining on Japanese territory in accordance with or as a result of bilateral or multilateral agreements that have been concluded or will be concluded between one or more allied countries and Japan.

B. If Article 9 of the Potsdam Declaration of July 26, 1945 regarding the repatriation of Japanese military troops has not yet been fully implemented, it should be implemented.

C. All Japanese property that has been used by the occupying forces and is still in the possession of the occupying forces when this treaty comes into force and has not yet been compensated for,

Unless there are other arrangements by mutual agreement, all Japanese property shall be transferred to Japan nine months after the entry into force of this treaty. Return it to the Japanese government within ten days.

Chapter 4 Political and Economic Terms

Article 7

A. Each Allied Power shall, within one year after the entry into force of this Treaty between itself and Japan, notify Japan of which of its pre-war bilateral treaties with Japan it wishes to continue to be in force or to restore. The treaty after such notification shall continue to be in force or be restored except that it shall be amended only as necessary to bring it into conformity with this Treaty. The treaty following such notification shall be deemed to continue to be in force or restored three months after the notification and shall be registered with the United Nations Secretariat. All treaties that have not been notified to Japan in accordance with the above method

shall be deemed to have been abrogated.

B. Any notification made in accordance with paragraph A of this Article may place any territory for which the notifying State has international relations responsibility

outside the scope of the effectiveness of a continuing or reinstated treaty. If you wish to terminate this exception, it will be terminated three months from the date of notification to Japan.

Article 8

A. Japan recognizes the full validity of all treaties now or hereafter concluded by the Allies for the purpose of ending the state of war which began on September 1, 1939, and of any other agreement between the Allies for the restoration of peace or concerning the restoration of peace. . Japan also accepts the various agreements concluded by the League of Nations and the Permanent Court of International Justice before its conclusion.

B. Japan renounced its status as a signatory by the Convention of Saint-Germain of September 10, 1919, the Montreal Strait Agreement of July 20, 1936, and the Peace of Lausanne XVI of Turkey of July 14, 1923 All rights and interests obtained by the Article.

C. Japan renounces all its rights, claims and benefits derived from the following agreements and is released from all obligations arising from them: January 20, 1930 between Germany and its creditor countries The agreement and its annexes include the Trust Agreement of May 17, 1930, the Agreement on the Bank for International Settlements of January 20, 1930, and the Regulations of the Bank for International Settlements.

Japan will notify the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Paris of its renunciation of the rights, grounds of rights and interests referred to in this paragraph within six months after the entry into force of this Treaty

.

Article 9

Japan will promptly conduct bilateral

and multilateral negotiations with allies willing to negotiate on regulating or restricting fishing on the high seas and protecting and developing fisheries on the high seas. Negotiation of agreements.

Article 10

Japan renounces all privileges and interests in China, including those arising from the Final Protocol signed in Beijing on September 7, 1901 and its rights

all benefits and privileges arising from all annexes, supplementary notes and documents, and agrees that as far as Japan is concerned, the Protocol

and all annexes, notes and documents thereto shall be null and void.

Article 11

Japan accepts the judgments of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and other allied war crimes tribunals within or outside Japan and will implement them

This court punishes Japanese nationals currently imprisoned in Japan. The power of pardon, commutation and parole for such criminals

shall not be exercised except by the decision of the government or governments imposing the sentence in each case and on the recommendation of Japan. If the prisoner in question is sentenced by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, this right may not be exercised except by decision of a majority of the governments participating in the tribunal and by Japan's recommendation.

Article 12

A. Japan declares its readiness to immediately enter into negotiations for the conclusion of treaties or agreements with its allies in order to place its trade, shipping and other commercial relations on a solid and friendly basis.

B. Before the relevant treaty or agreement is concluded, Japan will, within four years from the date of entry into force of this treaty:

(1) Provide the following treatment to all allies and their nationals, goods and ships:

(A) Grant most-favored-nation treatment in terms of tariffs, taxes, restrictions and other regulations applicable to imported and exported goods;

(B) Regarding shipping, navigation and imports Goods as well as natural and legal persons and their interests are accorded national treatment. This treatment

includes matters regarding taxation, taxation, litigation, conclusion and execution of contracts, property rights (tangible and intangible), and participation in laws established in accordance with this Act of Japan

groups and generally engage in various commercial and professional activities.

(2) Ensure that Japanese state-owned trading enterprises’ external purchases and sales should be based solely on commercial considerations.

C. However, regardless of any matter, the national treatment or most-favored-nation treatment granted by Japan to an allied country shall be limited to the extent of the national treatment or most-favored-nation treatment granted to Japan by the relevant allied country regarding the same matter. The principle of reciprocity contained in the foregoing applies to the products, ships and corporations of any territory outside the headquarters of an Allied Power, and to the people domiciled in such territory, and to

And the corporations of any state or province of an allied power having a federal system, and the people domiciled in such state or province, shall in accordance with the provisions of the law granted in such territory, state or province The treatment in Japan determines it.

Ding. When applying this article, if a certain method of discriminating treatment is based on an exception normally stipulated in the commercial contract of the party that invokes the method, or is based on the protection of the party's external financial position or balance of payments, If necessary (except when it comes to shipping and navigation

) or based on the need to safeguard vital security interests, such differential treatment measures shall not be regarded as national treatment or best treatment

The favored nation treatment has been damaged. However, this method shall be appropriate to the circumstances and not arbitrary or unreasonable.

E. Japan's obligations under this Article shall not be affected by the exercise of the rights of any Allied Power under Article 14 of this Treaty.

The provisions of this Article shall not be construed as limiting Japan's obligations under Article 15 of this Treaty.

Article 13

A. When Japan encounters a request from any allied country or countries to conclude a bilateral or multilateral agreement on international civil air transport, Japan shall immediately hold negotiations with the allied country.

B. Prior to the conclusion of such an agreement, Japan will, within a period of four years from the date of entry into force of this Treaty, grant to such Allied Power air transport facilities not less favorable than those afforded to such Allied Powers and others at the time of entry into force of this Treaty. rights and privileges, and should be given full equal opportunities in operating and developing the air transport

industry.

C. Before Japan accedes to the Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 93 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, the provisions of the Convention applicable to international air traffic shall be implemented, and the provisions of the Convention applicable to international air traffic shall be implemented. The standards,

methods and procedures stipulated in the Articles as attachments shall also be implemented.

Chapter 5 Requirements and Property

Article 14

A. It is acknowledged that Japan should compensate its Allies for the damage and suffering caused by the war, but it is also acknowledged that Japan's resources are currently insufficient to fully compensate such if it is to

maintain a viable economy. damage and suffering, while performing other duties.

Therefore:

(1) Japan is willing to negotiate as soon as possible with those allies who are willing to negotiate and whose existing territories have been occupied by Japanese troops and have suffered damage from Japan

in order to The services of the Japanese people in manufacturing, salvage, and other work are made available to the Allied Powers to assist

in reimbursing each country for the cost of repairing damage sustained by them. This approach should avoid placing additional burdens on other allies. When raw materials are needed for manufacturing, they should be supplied by the allies so as not to impose any foreign exchange burden on Japan.

(2)(a) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (B) below, each Allied Power shall have the right to seize, liquidate or otherwise dispose of: All property, rights and interests;

(sub) belongs to Japan and its nationals;

(ug) belongs to the agents or representatives of Japan or its nationals;

(寅) belongs to a group owned or controlled by Japan or its nationals, and the property is subject to the jurisdiction of that Allied Power

when this treaty comes into force. The property, rights and interests specified in this paragraph shall include those property, rights and interests which are currently sealed, handled, possessed or controlled by the enemy property management authorities of the Allied Powers and which are now under the control of the enemy property management authorities. At the time of control, it is owned by or is kept or managed on behalf of any individual or group mentioned in the above items (sub)

(Chou)(Yin).

(B) The following items are not within the rights stipulated in item (A) above:

(Sub) During the war, without the permission of the relevant government, The property of Japanese natural persons residing in the territory of the Allied Powers occupied by Japan shall not be included here except property subject to restrictions during the war and which shall remain subject to such restrictions when this Treaty comes into force.

(Ugly) All real estate, furniture and fixtures owned by the Japanese government and used for diplomatic or consular purposes, private furniture and equipment, and other non-investment properties, and Private property owned by Japanese diplomatic

and consular personnel that is regularly necessary for the performance of diplomatic and consular duties;

(Yin) belongs to a religious group or private charity and is purely religious or property used for charitable purposes;

(90) Property that comes under the jurisdiction of the relevant country due to the resumption of trade and property relations with Japan after September 2, 1945,

Rights and interests, except those obtained as a result of transactions that violate the laws of the allied countries.

(Chen) Debt of Japan or its nationals, any right, title or interest in tangible property in Japan, interest in

an enterprise organized under the laws of Japan, or Any relevant documentary evidence, but this exception shall apply only to debts of Japan

and its nationals denominated in Japanese currency.

(C) The property mentioned in the exceptions of headings (sub) to (chen) above shall be returned, but the reasonable expenses incurred for the preservation and management of this property may

be deducted. If any property so termed shall be liquidated, the proceeds of its liquidation shall be returned.

(D) The right to seize, detain, liquidate or otherwise dispose of property as provided for in the above subparagraph (sub) shall be exercised in accordance with the laws of the relevant Allied Powers. The owner shall have only those rights granted to him by law.

(5) Each Allied Power agrees to accord preferential treatment to Japanese trademarks and literary and artistic property rights to the extent permitted by the circumstances of each Allied Power

.

B. Except as otherwise provided in this Treaty, the Allies hereby waive all claims for compensation and other claims by the Allies and their nationals arising out of actions taken by Japan and its nationals in the course of the war, as well as Requirements for direct military expenses of occupation

Article 15

A. All tangible and intangible property and all rights or interests of any kind in Japan during any period between December 7, 1941 and September 2, 1945, of the Allied Powers and their nationals. If requested within nine months after the entry into force of this treaty between Japan and the Allies concerned

Japan shall return it within six months from the date of request, provided that the owner has done so without coercion or fraud. Those who have already dealt with it freely

are not included in this list. This property shall be returned free of the burdens and expenses imposed by the war, and shall be returned free of any cost. If the owner or his agent or his government fails to request the return of property within a specified period, the Japanese government may handle it at its own discretion

. If such property is in Japan on December 7, 1941 and cannot be returned or has been damaged or destroyed due to war

, the regulations shall be no less stringent than those approved by the Japanese Cabinet on July 13, 1941. Compensation under the conditions stipulated in the draft Allied Property Compensation Law

.

B. With regard to the rights to industrial property damaged during the war, Japan will continue to grant allied countries and their nationals no less than Cabinet Order 309, January 28, 1950, which took effect on September 1, 1949. The benefits conferred by Order No. 12 that came into effect on February 1, 1950 and Order No. 9 that came into effect on February 1, 1950 and all amendments to the respective orders, provided that the national has Internal request

Limited to those seeking such benefits.

C. (1) Japan recognizes that the property rights in published or unpublished literary or artistic works of the Allied Powers and their nationals existing in Japan on December 6, 1941 shall continue to be valid after that date, and Recognizes rights arising in Japan after that date by reason of the effect of any convention or agreement to which Japan is a party to which Japan is a party on that date, or which may arise but for war

rights, regardless of whether such conventions or agreements have been abrogated or suspended by domestic law by Japan or the relevant allies at the time of the outbreak of war or later.

(2) Without waiting for the rights holder to apply and pay any fees or perform any other procedures, from December 7, 1941 to Japan

The effective date of this treaty with the relevant allied countries The period shall be deducted from the calculation of the normal continuation period of the rights; this period,

and an additional six months, shall be from the period that a literary and artistic work must be translated into in order to obtain the right to translate it in Japan Japanese will be reduced

within the time limit.

Article 16

In order to express its desire to compensate the personnel of the armed forces of the Allied Powers for the undue suffering they suffered while being prisoners of war in Japan, Japan agreed to

All assets of Japan and its nationals in countries that are neutral in time of war or countries at war with any allied power, or the equivalents of such assets at Japan's option, shall be surrendered to the International Committee of the Red Cross, which shall liquidate such assets. assets and distribute the proceeds to former prisoners of war and their families on what they deem to be

fair basis. However, the various types of assets mentioned in each item of Article 14 of this Treaty, and Japanese natural persons who do not reside in Japan when this Treaty first comes into force The assets are not included in the transfer.

It is also understood that the transfer provisions of this article do not apply to the 10,000

9,770 shares of the Bank for International Settlements currently owned by the Japanese financial institutions.

Article 17

A. At the request of any allied power, the Japanese government shall review and amend the judgment or order made by the Japanese government in a case concerning the ownership of the nationals of the allied country involved in the Japanese capture trial and review, and shall provide a record of the case in accordance with the principles of international law. Copies of all documents, including

decisions made and orders issued, if the review or amendment shows that rights must be restored, the provisions of Article 15 shall

apply to the relevant property.

B. The Japanese Government shall take all necessary measures to enable the nationals of any of the Allied Powers to apply to the relevant Japanese authorities for review at any time within one year from the date of entry into force of this Treaty between Japan's relevant Allied Powers as of December 1941. 7 days to the date of entry into force of this Treaty

where the national fails to make a full case as a plaintiff or defendant in any proceedings in the case

< p>As mentioned above, if a citizen of that country is harmed as a result of this judgment, the Japanese government should try to restore it to its position before the judgment was made,

or obtain a fair and balanced remedy based on the circumstances.

Article 18

A. It is hereby acknowledged that the Government of Japan or its nationals are payable by the Government of Japan or its nationals to the Government of any Allied Power or its The obligation to repay monetary debts owed by nationals or the government of any allied power or its nationals to the Japanese government or its nationals will not be affected by the intervention of a state of war.

For loss of or damage to property or injury or death of persons occurring before the entry of a state of war, by any of the Allied Powers

The Government of Japan to the Government of Japan or from the Government of Japan to any Allied Power The government's obligation to consider requests made or re-made on the merits of the case shall not be deemed to be affected by the intervention of a state of war. The provisions of this paragraph shall not prejudice the rights granted by Article 14 of this Treaty.

B. Japan admitted that it was responsible for the pre-war foreign debts of the Japanese state and the debts of legal entities that were subsequently declared to be borne by the Japanese state, and expressed its willingness to negotiate with creditors at an early date on the resumption of debt repayments; regarding other pre-war

Negotiations of requests and debts will be encouraged; and the remittance of the resulting funds will also be facilitated.

Article 19

A. Japan renounces all claims of Japan and its nationals against the Allied Powers and their nationals arising out of actions taken by them as a result of the existence of a state of war

, and renounces all claims arising from the presence of any Allied troops or authorities in Japanese territory before the entry into force of this Treaty. All requirements arising from presence, military operations or other operations.

B. The foregoing waiver includes any claims arising out of actions taken by any Allied Power against Japanese shipping

between September 1, 1939 and the date of entry into force of this Treaty, and includes any claims arising out of actions taken by any Allied Power against Japanese ships in the custody of the Allied Powers and any demands and debts incurred by civilians

Except any claims of Japan recognized by laws enacted by the Allied Powers after September 2, 1945.

C. Under the condition of mutual declaration of renunciation, the Japanese government, on behalf of the Japanese government and Japanese nationals, declares to renounce all its claims (including debts) to German nationals

, including intergovernmental demands and those suffered during the war. Including claims for loss or damage,

Except for the following two requirements: (1) Claims related to contracts entered into and rights acquired before September 1, 1939

< p>, and (2) requirements arising from trade and financial relations between Germany and Japan after September 2, 1945.

This disclaimer shall be without prejudice to actions taken under Articles 16 and 20 of this Treaty.

Ding. Japan recognizes the validity of acts and omissions committed during the occupation that were caused by or under the orders of the occupying authorities or authorized by the laws of Japan at the time and shall not take any action to impose liability on the nationals of Allied Powers as a result of such actions. Civil or criminal liability arising from any act or omission

.

Article 20

Japan will take necessary measures to ensure that it has the right to dispose of German assets in Japan in accordance with the protocol of the 1945 Berlin Conference

The disposition of such assets that has been or may be decided shall be implemented. In addition, Japan will be responsible for the preservation and management of these assets before final disposal.

Article 21

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 25 of this Treaty, China may still enjoy the rights stipulated in Article 10 and Paragraph 2 of Article 14 Interests;

North Korea may enjoy the interests stipulated in Articles 2, 9 and 12 of this Treaty.

Chapter 6 Dispute Resolution

Article 22

If any party to this treaty believes that the interpretation and execution of this treaty has occurred and fails to When a dispute can be raised that specifically requires a court or

resolution by other agreed methods, the dispute shall be submitted to the International Court of Justice for adjudication at the request of either party.

Japan and the Allied Powers that are not members of the Statute of the International Court of Justice shall, upon their respective ratifications of this Treaty, submit to the Registrar of the International Court of Justice in accordance with the resolution of the United Nations Security Council of October 15, 1946. Deliver a general declaration declaring that it accepts the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice in general and without special provisions regarding

all disputes of the nature mentioned in this article

Seventh Chapter Final Provisions

Article 23

A. This treaty shall be ratified by the signatories, including Japan, and shall be ratified by Japan and by a majority of the following countries, including Japan and the United States as the main occupying power, namely Australia, Canada, Ceylon, France, Indonesia, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Republic of the Philippines, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America have deposited their instruments of ratification. The ratifying country takes effect. For countries that subsequently ratify, this Treaty will enter into force on the date that each country deposits its instrument of ratification.

B. If this Treaty has not entered into force nine months after Japan has deposited its instrument of ratification, any ratifying State may, to this end, notify the Government of Japan and The Government of the United States shall make this treaty effective between that country and Japan.

Article 24

All instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Government of the United States of America. The Government of the United States of America shall, in accordance with the circumstances of the above deposit, act in accordance with Article 20

Article 3(A) The date of entry into force of this Treaty and notifications made in accordance with Article 23(B) shall be notified to all signatories. < /p>

Countries that are part of Turkey, if the countries concerned have signed and ratified this treaty. Except as provided in Article 21,

this Treaty does not confer any rights, grounds for rights or benefits to any country that is not an ally as referred to in this Article; any of the provisions of this Treaty

No provision shall be made in favor of a country other than an ally referred to in this Article that shall abrogate or impair any right, title or interest of Japan.

Article 26

Japan is prepared to cooperate with any country that has signed or acceded to the United Nations Declaration of January 1, 1942 and is at war with Japan other than a signatory to this Treaty

< p>State, or any State other than a signatory to this Treaty, which formed part of its territory formerly forming part of the State referred to in Article 23

concludes a bilateral treaty that is the same or substantially the same as this Treaty treaty, but this obligation of Japan will terminate at the expiration of three years after the initial entry into force of this treaty. If Japan establishes a peace agreement or war compensation agreement with any country, it will give that country a relatively< /p>

When this Treaty provides for greater benefits, such benefits shall also be granted to the parties to the Treaty.

Article 27

This Treaty shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America. The Government of the United States of America shall send a copy of this treaty authenticated

to each signatory.

In witness to this treaty are the signatures of the plenipotentiaries who sign below.

Done at San Francisco this 8th day of September, 1951, in the English, French and Spanish and Japanese languages, with equal validity.