From the negative campaign strategies of China, Taiwan Province Province and Democratic Progressive Party, politicians who put ideology first, tear ethnic groups apart, encourage populism, wear red hats and beat black sticks, to the 3 19 shooting of "A City by the Sea", two bullets helped the election, which settled the dust of democratic elections. The United States spent a record amount of money on the presidential election, ignoring political and economic achievements and ruling ideas, and attaching importance to personal likes and dislikes and ideology. The rise of fundamentalist forces, the use of ideology to split voters and the unscrupulous negative election campaign have completely lost the aura of American democratic political model. Then, in the Ukrainian presidential election, the opposition mobilized supporters to surround the government and was forcibly sworn in as president in private. The so-called "orange revolution" coup farce and the "poisoning" incident of opposition leader Yushchenko were difficult to distinguish between true and false. With the support of the United States and the European Union, plus the sympathy points won by the "poisoning" incident, Yushchenko's victory in the presidential election is predictable. If Yushchenko fails again, it will not be over. Now, former Ukrainian President Yanukovych refuses to admit defeat. If Russia is tougher, Yanukovych will try to deal with it according to law and deal with a man as he deals with you. This election in Ukraine will still be very noisy.
According to the Qianlong News Network reprinted by Lianhe Zaobao on June 5438+February 65438+February 0, 2004, the Bush administration of the United States provided the Ukrainian opposition with $65 million in political "contributions" (claiming to be a project to establish a democratic system around the world, claiming that in most cases these funds were provided to Ukrainian political parties through organizations such as the Carnegie Foundation. And admitted that part of the funds were used to train those organizations or individuals who opposed pro-Russian government candidates), so that foreign forces sent agents to sneak in, and a country's ugly trick of manipulating "democratic elections" behind the scenes was exposed in broad daylight. Coupled with the so-called "velvet revolution" in Georgia, people have to realize that the "democratic export" of the US government is only a tool of ideological struggle and a continuation of the Cold War mentality. People must re-evaluate the true significance of capitalist democratic elections to democratic politics.
I have emphasized in many articles that the democratic political system representing the civilization of industrial society is superior to the autocratic system representing the civilization of agricultural society. In short, it can be summarized as the following four items:
(1) The democratic political system of ruling the country according to law, separation of powers and mutual checks and balances has replaced the feudal system in which the society ruled by men and the autocratic system dominated by families, the ruling group is highly centralized, the autocratic power is exerted and the people are enslaved. The government, parliament and judicial organs all perform their duties under the supervision of the media, which improves the transparency and fairness of operation and alleviates social contradictions and class contradictions.
(2) The democratic election mode of respecting human rights and allowing voters to exercise their civil rights has replaced the hereditary system of ruling power under the authoritarian system and the autocratic system of black-box operation within the ruling group, giving orders to people in private and conducting transactions. Heads of government and members of parliament at all levels must be elected by voters through one person, one vote and be authorized by law.
(3) By openly running for heads of government and members of parliament at all levels, it opened up an open and legal place for party politics and parliamentary struggle, standardized the peaceful transfer of ruling power according to the election results, ended the violent struggle between agricultural social classes, and had to launch a great revolution to overthrow the feudal dynasty, realizing a bloody cycle.
(4) Using freedom of speech and judicial independence, representatives of all social classes, strata, different interest groups and dissidents can get legal channels to express their political views and vent their dissatisfaction, so as to realize a civilized way of unifying social justice and credibility, instead of speech control, suppressing dissidents, having the right to own everything and lawless barbaric rule under the autocratic system.
However, the capitalist democratic political system also has the following four obvious major defects and problems:
(1) From the predatory accumulation of primitive capital in the earliest days, to the enclosure movement and cruel exploitation and oppression of workers in the early days of the industrial revolution, to the implementation of gunboat policy, crazy plundering of world resources and seizing the world market by force, establishing colonies everywhere, enslaving and plundering colonial countries and people, and using capital export to establish multinational companies, world monopoly enterprises and consortia to maintain economic control and political influence on underdeveloped countries, capital is from head to toe. Although after nearly a hundred years of self-adjustment and continuous improvement in the development of capitalism, capital owners and their representatives gradually converged their ferocious features and replaced them with polite gentlemanly manners and hypocrisy, they did not change their ferocious nature and obliterate their greedy nature. In the final analysis, the democratic politics in capitalist countries is only a kind of "limited democracy" based on money omnipotence, power politics and elite governance, which is conducive to consolidating the distribution pattern of its vested interests. The capitalist democratic political system, including all government planning and decision-making, parliamentary legislation and resolutions, as well as laws and even the media, must kneel before the capital, and the interests are tilted towards the owners of the capital.
(2) The separation of executive, legislative and judicial powers, and the separation and checks and balances of the three powers have resulted in the polycentricity of power. With the change of power, mutual containment and prevarication make administrative efficiency low. As Truman once sarcastically said, the day when the government is efficient is the time when the government is dictatorial. Before the Second World War, the "national interests" of Hitler's government in Germany and the Japanese government under the name of the Japanese emperor for the re-division of world resources and markets were a lesson from the past. The re-elected Bush administration of the United States has the support of * * * and the party that won the majority of seats in Congress. If we continue to use the "wartime president" as an excuse, strive to expand the president's authority, use religious feelings, advocate "national interests" and "patriotism", incite populism, practice unilateralism, expand armaments in Bangladesh, and constantly launch wars of aggression, the day when the United States will move toward dictatorship and militarism will not be far away.
(3) Compared with money, family background, contacts, complicated interest group relations and behind-the-scenes trading means, democratic elections in capitalist countries are nothing but a carnival and a game for insiders. Voters' right to choose one person, one vote is only a helpless choice when the political parties, consortia and interest groups have already determined their spokespersons and delineated their candidates. Therefore, although money politics is much better and brighter than black-box politics, neither is the original intention of democratic politics. The capitalist democratic political system is only a transitional form towards real democratic politics.
(4) The capitalist election process is easily manipulated by election traders, easily misled by public opinion and unexpected events, easily influenced by bribery and incitement of populism by rogue politicians, easily corroded by open and secret intervention and money buying by foreign forces, and loses the original intention of democratic elections in which voters make their own decisions and freely choose their representatives. For example, in Germany, Hitler came to power through a democratic election system of one person, one vote, and misled voters by inciting populism and creating arson in Congress. The "democratic elections" in Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province province in the past year, the American-style heavy money, the presidential election with negative ideology and the recent coup farce of the "orange revolution" in the Ukrainian presidential election all illustrate this point well.
Judging from the above election cases, at least the following six points can be used as a reference for China to implement democratic elections:
(1) Agree to a fair distribution of parliamentary seats. If we sincerely want to build China's democratic political system, we must completely correct the social injustice of capitalist democratic politics tilting towards the owners of "capital", and at the same time, we must get rid of the darkness of authoritarian system tilting towards power, abusing power for personal gain and acting arbitrarily. China can strengthen and further standardize the functions of NPC and CPPCC's parliament to participate in politics, legislation and deliberation of government plans and budgets, so that people's deputies and CPPCC members can become permanent seats for regular re-election. Through legislation, the responsibilities and differences between people's deputies and CPPCC members are guaranteed and clarified, so that elected representatives can perform their duties and responsibilities. If CPPCC is an institution that pays more attention to political consultation, technical operation and legal level than NPC, CPPCC members need to attach higher cultural literacy and academic level requirements than NPC deputies. As the party and people's government of Theory of Three Represents, China should support the construction of grass-roots organizations and the establishment and activities of various mass organizations. On the premise that trade unions, peasant associations, chambers of commerce, various associations and political parties can be registered and established according to law and independently carry out normal activities, the number of people's deputies and CPPCC members needs to be balanced according to the interests of all social strata in different periods, and the right to speak and check and balance the voting rights, and a fair quota system for regions, industries and nationalities should be implemented through consultation.
(2) Standardize the process of candidate nomination confirmation. The nomination of parliamentary candidates must not be less than a certain proportion of the votes required by the legally elected person, and be recommended and nominated by the voters (with ID number attached). The list of recommended nominations is archived by computer and submitted to the neutral election commission for review. Presidential candidates are nominated and recommended by political parties representing a considerable number of voters individually or jointly. In the process of candidate confirmation, the neutral election commission examines their resumes and recommends the legitimacy and representativeness of political parties and associations. Is the roster nominated by referees fraudulent? Check whether the candidates have criminal records through the public security department? After soliciting the opinions of the electoral legal advisory panel, examine the nature of the problems exposed and reported by opponents, and whether they are illegal. Then make a ruling to confirm his candidacy or revoke his candidacy.
(3) standardize the scope of public policies and people's livelihood issues in the campaign platform and governance plan. Legislation prohibits negative movements of personal attacks and movements that incite populism and split the nation. Anyone who deliberately adopts or objectively seriously affects the election situation (judged by the sharp changes in the polls before and after) and creates emergencies will be judged by the legal advisory panel, and the Election Committee will decide to suspend or postpone the election, or suspend or cancel the qualification of candidates.
(4) Control of election funds. It is necessary to get rid of the money politics directly and indirectly controlled by consortia and interest groups in the process of capitalist democratic elections, exchange interests and put an end to bribery. All election-related funds, including government funds for election expenses and donations from individuals and business groups, must be managed, operated, coordinated and used fairly by a neutral election commission. The Election Committee shall set up a temporary election TV channel, edit special election issues, extra special issues and other promotional printed materials, and determine the location and route of special election meetings, publicity, publicity and ticket worship. Those who violate the rules and regulations will be disqualified and punished by law.
(5) unify and standardize the election procedures. Referring to the past practice, the Election Committee will arrange the election process through consultation with candidates, including making TV videos introducing candidates, fairly distributing all kinds of campaign TV advertising time, and equally distributing the expenses of print media publicity materials and live broadcast of policy debate programs, so as to provide fair and equal opportunities for election assembly, election, ticket worship and publicity activities by drawing lots and taking turns. It is strictly forbidden for foreign forces to openly and secretly interfere in elections in any form. If it is verified that there is conclusive evidence that a candidate colludes with foreign forces and privately accepts various kinds of assistance including campaign strategy guidance, money and support from domestic and foreign political opinions. Appraised by the panel of legal advisers, the Election Committee ruled that the candidate was deprived of the qualification to stand for election and held accountable.
(6) unify and standardize the media's code of conduct in the election process. On the premise of ensuring freedom of speech and freedom of the press, media workers are required to be self-disciplined and law-abiding in the election process, and consciously abide by the media code of conduct in the election process. Media coverage of election news should follow the unified norms of the Election Commission and the principle of fairness and equality for all candidates. In order to avoid and correct the phenomenon that candidates are generally humiliated by negative attacks in capitalist democratic elections, we can consider the method of properly controlling the negative news of candidates by the Election Committee, that is, it is stipulated that in the nomination process, negative news is allowed to be reported after being confirmed by media investigation and before the election Committee formally confirms the qualifications of candidates. Once a candidate's qualification is determined, the media shall not report publicly any information about the candidate's report and exposure, and shall be obliged to provide it to the Election Committee for further investigation, examination and adjudication of the candidate's qualification. Under the supervision of the legal advisory group of the Election Commission and the supervision department according to law, the media will not become the promoter of negative elections, nor will it become the mouthpiece of splitting the nation and inciting populism.