Born in the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090), Emperor Zhezong, and died in Shaoxing, the twenty-fifth year of Emperor Gaozong (1155), his courtesy name was Huizhi, a native of Jiangning (now Nanjing).
In the fifth year of Zhenghe's reign (1115), Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne and became a professor in Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong). He once served as Xuezheng of Taixue. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, he served as Yushi Zhongcheng and was captured by the Jin people together with Song Huizong and Qinzong. After returning to the south, he served as Minister of Rites and twice as prime minister, ruling for nineteen years.
Life
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Qin Hui was born in a family of small and medium-sized landowners. His father served as the magistrate of Gu County, Jingjiang Prefecture (now Yongfu County, Guangxi), which was only a minor official among the ruling class of the Song Dynasty. Living in such an environment, it was impossible for Qin Hui to achieve rapid success, so he worked as a rural teacher. He was not satisfied with this career and even complained, saying, "If I get 300 acres of paddy fields, I won't be the Hozen King this time." His requirements were not high, as long as he had a few hundred acres of good land, no longer being a "children's teacher" or "children's king", and no longer relying on cultivators to support himself, that would be enough. But since becoming a Jinshi, he has skyrocketed.
In the first year of Jingkang (1126), the Jin soldiers attacked Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) and asked Song Huizong to cede three towns: Taiyuan, Zhongshan (now Dingxian, Hebei), and Hejian. At this time, Qin Hui, who was a member of the staff side, put forward four more important opinions. The first is that the Jin people are greedy, and the only way to cede land is to Yanshan; the second is that the Jin people are cunning, and the defense must be strengthened and cannot be relaxed; the third is to convene hundreds of officials to discuss in detail, and choose the correct opinions to write in the alliance letter; the fourth is to include representatives of the Jin Dynasty Place them outside and prevent them from entering the palace gate. At that time, if we wanted to eliminate the troops, we had to cede territory. The Southern Song Dynasty sent Qin Hui and Cheng Li as representatives to negotiate with the Jin people. Qin Hui was still able to adhere to the above opinions during the negotiations, so he was promoted to the imperial censor and Zuo Sijian. Later, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty "resolutely wanted to gain the land, otherwise they would march to Bianjing". During the discussion among the officials in the court, 70 people including Fan Zongyin agreed to cut the land, but 36 people including Qin Hui thought it was not allowed.
After Emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty were captured, the Jurchen nobles wanted to make Zhang Bangchang their puppet, but Qin Hui, then the censor Zhongcheng, said nothing. Censor Ma Shen and others wrote a letter against the establishment of Zhang Bangchang and asked Qin Hui to also sign. Qin Hui did not agree at first, but dozens of officials signed it one after another. Ma Shen "firmly requested", but Qin Hui had no choice but to sign. Because Qin Hui had a higher official position among the petitioners (the first among the officials), in the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin people used Qin Hui to rebel against Zhang Bangchang and captured him, along with his wife Wang and his wife. Attendants etc. At this time, Song Huizong learned that King Kang Zhao Gou had ascended the throne, so he wrote to Jin Shuai Nianhan to negotiate a peace treaty, and asked Qin Hui to revise and polish the peace treaty. Qin Hui also bribed Nianhan with generous gifts, and Jin Taizong gave Qin Hui to his younger brother Talan for appointment. From then on, Qin Hui followed Talan step by step, gradually becoming his confidant, and carried out a series of traitorous actions such as persuading the Song army in Chuzhou to surrender.
In the fourth year of Jianyan (1130), Jin general Ta Lan led troops to attack Shanyang, an important town in Huaibei (i.e. Chuzhou, today's Huai'an, Jiangsu), and ordered Qin Hui to accompany him. Why should Qin Hui accompany us? Judging from the strategy of laziness, luring peace talks and colluding with internal and external parties can lead to the subjugation of the Southern Song Dynasty. Only Qin Hui can use this "inside". However, Qin Hui's face of selling himself to join the Jurchen nobles had not been completely exposed to the Southern Song Dynasty, so the Jin rulers regarded Qin Hui as a suitable candidate. Therefore, Qin Huinan secretly discussed plans with his wife Wang before leaving, and put on a dramatic performance. Mrs. Wang deliberately yelled and said: "My father married me to you. At that time, he had a fortune of 200,000 yuan, and he wanted you and me to share the joys and sorrows. Now that the Dajin Kingdom trusts you, you just leave me on the road." The quarrel continued. When the lazy wife heard about it, she invited Mrs. Wang to her house to find out what happened. Wang told everything. The driver said that he was too lazy, so he asked Wang and his attendants to go south with Qin Hui. After Shanyang City was captured, Jin soldiers entered the city one after another. Qin Hui and others boarded the boat and traveled to nearby Lianshui (today's Lianshui, Jiangsu Province). They were caught by the patrol soldiers of Ding Si, the leader of the water village in the Southern Song Dynasty, and wanted to kill him. Qin Hui said, "I am Qin Hui, the Prime Minister of the Censor. Are there any scholars here who should know my name?" There was a wine seller, Wang Xiucai, who never knew Qin Hui, but he pretended to recognize Qin Hui and bowed to him when he saw him. He said, "Zhongcheng worked hard, and it is not easy to come back." Everyone thought that since Wang Xiucai knew Qin Hui, they did not kill him, but treated him with courtesy, and later sent them to Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang).
After Qin Huinan returned, he claimed that he had killed the Jin soldiers who were watching them and seized the ship.
The ministers immediately asked a series of questions: Sun Fu, He Su, and Sima Pu were captured together with Qin Hui, why was Qin Hui the only one to return? From Yanshan Prefecture (today's southwest of Beijing) to Chuzhou, it takes 800 miles to climb mountains. Wading through the water, wouldn't it be possible to encounter interrogations and inquiries on the way, kill the guards, and return southward without any trouble? Even if he followed the Jin general to attack the lazy army, the Jin people deliberately indulged him and took his family members as hostages. Why could they go south with the Wang family? Only his close friends, prime ministers Fan Zongyin and Li Hui, defended him against these questions and tried their best to recommend him to be loyal to the Zhao Dynasty. But the doubts have not been completely eliminated.
According to "History of the Jin Dynasty", in the second year of Jin Xuanzong's Zhenyou year (1214), Sun Dading, a member of the Zhongshu family, wrote a letter to trace the fact that Qin Hui was returned to the Southern Song Dynasty by the Jurchen nobles. In the eighth year of Jin Taizong's Tianhui period (1130) Years), ministers gathered in Liulin, Heilongjiang, worried about the revival of the Song Dynasty. Song court officials Zhao Ding and Zhang Jun were determined to take revenge, and Song generals Han Shizhong and Wu Jie were aware of the military affairs. This should not be used in a threatening manner, but also seeing that the enmity was already deep and it would be difficult to make the people of the Southern Song Dynasty surrender, it was better to indulge them secretly. It is also recorded in "Records of the Southern Relocation of the Jin Kingdom" that the ministers of the Jin Kingdom considered the revenge of the Southern Song Dynasty and discussed allowing Qin Hui to return to the country. King Lu said that only by letting the Song ministers return first could he "obey me." Zhongxian Wang Nianhan said, This matter has been brewing in my heart for three years. There is only one Qin Hui available. I like this person. "Place yourself in front of the army and try to do something". Although he refused on the surface, he was often "submissive" in his heart. Qin Hui always advocated the policy of "southerns return to the south and northerners return to the north". If he could be released today In the Southern Song Dynasty, he will succeed. In this way, the Jin people decided to let Qin Huinan return home. As expected by Nianhan, Qin Hui advocated peace talks when he returned to Lin'an, stole the throne, monopolized the power of the country, and massacred the anti-Jin generals. Afterwards, the North-South confrontation basically took shape.
"Song History·Qin Hui Biography" records that although the Southern Song government sent representatives to negotiate with the Jin Dynasty several times, it still defended while negotiating peace. The special efforts to resolve feuds and negotiate peace with the Jin people actually started with Qin Hui. Because Qin Hui was the first to advocate peace talks during the Jin Dynasty, he became the agent of the Jurchen nobles after returning south.
After Qin Huinan returned to Zhao Gou, the first "meeting gift" he gave to Zhao Gou was that if he wanted the world to be peaceful, he had to "return southerners to the south and northerners to the north." The "southern people return to the south" is actually just an empty talk, because whether they are willing to allow the southerners to return to the south or not is entirely in the hands of the Jurchen nobles, which has no control over what happened to the Southern Song Dynasty; and "the northerners return to the north" , was what the Jurchens had called for when they invaded Yangzhou in 1129, and this time they raised it through Qin Hui's mouth.
Since the armies and generals of the Southern Song Dynasty were mainly composed of people from the northwest, Hebei, Shandong and other places, if we follow Cha Hui's idea of ??"people from the north return to the north", it would be equivalent to dedicating all the northern land to the Jurchens The nobles, as well as a large number of northerners who were unwilling to surrender gold and went south, had to go back and be ruled by the Jin people: it was equivalent to the Southern Song Dynasty destroying the Great Wall, disarming themselves, and showing that they gave up armed resistance to the Jin Dynasty. The second "meeting gift" Qin Hui presented to Zhao Gou was that he first handed over a "letter of peace" to the Jurchen military nobles. Zhao Gou felt that Qin Hui was "extraordinarily loyal and simple" and was so happy to get him that he could not even sleep. Unable to sleep, Qin Hui was so appreciated by Zhao Gou that he said, "I will be the prime minister again." This "gift" was placed in front of Zhao Gou, which made him so worried that he "couldn't sleep". He had to consider, Qin Hui said, "Southerners return to the south, and northerners return to the north." I am a northerner, where should I go? ? Qin Hui also said that there are "two strategies", that is, the people from Hebei are returned to the Jin Kingdom, and the people from the Central Plains are given to Liu Yu (he was a puppet supported by the Jin rulers in the early Southern Song Dynasty). After being prime minister for a few months, these "two strategies" will It shocked the world. However, Zhao Gou said that he had not heard any shocking news. From then on, people began to realize Qin Hui's evil ideas, which caused dissatisfaction in the court and the public. Strongly dissatisfied. Just because at that time Zhao Gou was still worried about the discussions and momentum of the anti-Japanese scholar-bureaucrats and the soldiers and civilians across the country, and had not yet made up his mind to risk the disapproval of the world. Therefore, Qin Hui's surrender route was not adopted, and Qin Hui himself actually As a result, he was expelled from the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, it was confirmed that envoys from the Jin Dynasty came to the Southern Song Dynasty and demanded that all northerners be returned, which was consistent with Qin Hui's idea of ??"returning northerners to the north". People with knowledge further realized that this was Qin Hui. As a result of colluding with the Jin people, Qin Hui's face became clearer.
Qin Hui's policy of surrender and treason was difficult to implement for a while, so he had to endure the temporary setbacks and wait for the opportunity to make a comeback. .
Nianhan died in the fifth year of Shaoxing (1135), and Talan gained power. In the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), Zhao Gou appointed Qin Hui as prime minister. Yan Dunfu, the official minister, said worriedly that Qin Hui was a "treacherous prime minister". But because Ta Laan was Qin Hui's old master, this old master advocated using the strategy of inducing surrender and negotiating peace to induce Zhao Gou to take the bait. Qin Hui, Zhao Gou and Ta Lan colluded internally and externally, so they had no worries about the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Qin Hui saw that the situation in the Song and Jin Dynasties was constantly developing in a direction conducive to his policy of begging for peace and surrender, and considered this an opportunity. Therefore, on the eve of the negotiations between the Song and Jin Dynasties, with the power of the Jurchen noble agents, Zhao Gou was repeatedly tested and inspected again and again to enhance his confidence in suing for peace and strengthen his surrender stance. After the ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty met with Zhao Gou, only Qin Hui stayed to present the memorial. Please look at the wonderful dialogue between a foolish emperor and a treacherous prime minister. Qin Hui said: "The ministers are timid in negotiating peace and have two sides, which is why they cannot decide major issues. If your Majesty is determined to make peace, please discuss it exclusively with me and do not allow the group to make peace." Please intervene." Zhao Gou said, "I will only appoint you to take charge." Qin Hui said, "I'm afraid it will be inconvenient. I hope your majesty will consider it seriously for three days and allow me to make another report to you." Three days later, Qin Hui said. He stayed at Zhao Gou's side again to carry out the work. Zhao Gaohua's idea of ????making peace was already very firm, but Qin Hui thought that it was not enough. He said: "I'm afraid there are still inconveniences in other aspects. I would like to ask your majesty to seriously consider it for three days." , let me make another report to you." Zhao Gou said, "Okay!" Three days later, Qin Hui stayed alone with Zhao Gou just like before. He clearly understood that Zhao Gou was indeed unswervingly determined to make peace, so he took out the letter of peace request to Jin that he had already drafted, and still claimed that the ministers would not be allowed to interfere.
In the ninth year of Shaoxing (1139), Qin Hui signed the first Song-Jin peace treaty despite the objections of Zhao Ding, Hu Quan, Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun, Wang Shu, Yue Fei, Li Gang and others to the peace treaty. Zhao Gou was afraid of trouble, so he pretended to be ill and hid in the palace. Qin Hui acted as emperor, knelt down in front of the gold envoy, and signed and signed. From then on, Qin Hui's status in the court increased, and the war between Song and Jin Dynasties began to be controlled by him.
The "History of the Song Dynasty·Qin Hui Biography" says: "In the beginning, although the imperial court sent several envoys, they kept and made peace, and focused on resolving their feuds with the Jin people and negotiating peace, which actually started from Hui." This is basically the beginning. In line with the actual situation. From the accession of Emperor Gaozong to the return of Qin Hui in the eighth year of Shaoxing, which lasted eleven years, the Southern Song Dynasty court generally did four things: (1) Raise and train soldiers to form a military force that could compete with the Jin people; (2) Security Gather the refugees, restore production, and conserve the financial resources to support the regime; (3) unify the interior, quell the chaotic situation after Jingkang's separatism (including suppressing peasant uprisings), and form a relatively stable rear; (4) establish various regulations and systems to make The social order damaged by the war has been restored to a certain extent. This is all based on defense and fighting. Because of this, the territory equivalent to two-thirds of the Northern Song Dynasty was preserved.
As far as Gaozong's ideological status at that time was concerned, he was often wavering between peace and war. After Jingkang, the heroes broke up and rebels sprang up. If Emperor Gaozong was dedicated to suing for peace and surrender, who would be willing to serve him as a companion? In fact, the fragmented situation at that time was quickly unified, and various political forces were quickly able to gather together, which shows that Emperor Gaozong has not yet thrown away the banner of "anti-gold restoration" and still has a certain degree of appeal and cohesion. During the Jianyan period, the Southern Song Dynasty's political power was not yet stable, and the Jin people were determined to eliminate it. Gaozong wanted to beg for peace but could not get it. In the third year of Jianyan's reign, Emperor Gaozong was chased by the Jin people from Yangzhou to Mingzhou and to the sea. In the fourth year of Jianyan, the Jin army withdrew from Jiangnan. Gaozong returned from Wenzhou to Yuezhou and then to Hangzhou. The Southern Song Dynasty regime gradually established its foothold. Lu Yihao, Zhao Ding, Zhang Jun and others who served as prime ministers successively all gained a foothold. To defend and fight. Although many envoys were sent to make peace, they were generally based on strategic considerations (except for Qin Hui). According to Lu Yihao, they were "to make others proud", "to show weakness to others", and "to surprise them and take advantage of the opportunity to advance to the north". In the second year of Shaoxing, Lu Yihao asked for the Northern Expedition. In the fourth year of Shaoxing, Zhao Ding asked the imperial commander to personally conduct the expedition. In the seventh year of Shaoxing, Zhang Jun asked Gaozong to station in Jiankang. Although Gaozong was not very firm, he agreed after all.
Gaozong concentrated on begging for peace, which happened after Qin Hui returned to the prime minister in the eighth year of Shaoxing. As Zhu Xi once pointed out: "The reason why Qin Hui's crime reaches heaven, and tens of thousands of deaths are not enough to redeem him. At the beginning, he made evil plans to harm the country, and in the middle, he threatened the power of the captives." In order to want the king,...but the disadvantage of being late is to leave the king behind and marry him later, which is so extreme.
" ("Preface to the Wuwu Conference")
Qin Hui's "beginning of evil plots" should be counted from the time when he wrote a letter to Wanyan Zonghan on behalf of Huizong. In that letter, he clearly stated that "I will serve as a minister for generations to come. "Pay tribute", so he was highly appreciated by Zong Han. Zong Han recommended him to Jin Taizong, and Jin Taizong gave him to Wan Yanchang. After returning to the south, he met Gaozong for the first time, and he was the first to build "South from the South, North from the South" In order to discuss the "North" issue, a proposed "letter of credence" for peace was submitted. This "letter of credence" was later issued in the name of Liu Guangshi, and Gaozong promised to be "pu Zhongzhuoren". However, at this time, the military situation of the Southern Song Dynasty The power is gradually strengthening, and the main war faction still occupies a very important position in the court. The Zong Han faction in power in the Jin Dynasty is still unwilling to give up the idea of ????annihilating the Southern Song Dynasty. Gaozong is still wavering between war and war. Therefore, this This stage lasted for a long time until after the death of Wanyan Zonghan, Wanyan Zongpan and Wanyanchang took control of the Jin Dynasty and adopted a policy of inducing surrender in the Southern Song Dynasty. Qin Hui made a comeback and the main war faction suffered internal and external setbacks in the conflict between themselves, and Gaozong gradually turned. Dedicated to begging for peace.
Qin Hui entered this stage of what Zhu Xi said was "the middle is using the power of the captives to seize the king" after Zhao Gou entrusted him to act as the plenipotentiary representative of the Jin Dynasty. After this stage, all major moves of the court depended on Qin Hui, and it was almost impossible for Gaozong to make any decisions independently. Qin Hui's position in the Southern Song Dynasty was no longer subordinate to the emperor Zhao Gou, but could play with Zhao Gou. Above Yu Guzhang, there was a figure that Zhao Gou had to look up to.
At that time, an official named Hu Quan opposed "peace" and submitted a memorial to behead Qin Hui. It was at the stage when Qin Hui took advantage of the power of the Jin people to seize the throne. He was immediately attacked by Qin Hui, and Qin Hui personally made a plan to demote him to "Zhaozhou (now Pingle County, Guangxi)." Because "the concubine is about to be pregnant", he wanted to delay his departure a few days, but was "sent to demotion" by the Lin'an Prefecture. A few days later, Qin Hui still felt that the punishment given to Hu Quan was too light and might not be able to make peace with him. " He kept silent from then on, and then coerced Zhao Gou to issue an edict, saying that Hu Quan's superiority was "unreasonable and rebellious" and "advocating the trend of bullying". He warned both domestic and foreign countries that they were not allowed to follow suit. (See Volume 124 of "Records of the Years Since Jianyan".)
This shows that after entering the stage of "taking advantage of the captives to seize the king", Qin Hui was no longer a tiger's butt. Now, his power can be said to be overwhelming and all-pervasive. If you still call such a person "a mere cypress" and think that he "can't", then you are really ignorant of the historical situation at that time. , it was only considered to be an attempt to excuse Qin Hui's various criminal acts.
Less than a year after the first peace treaty between Song and Jin Dynasty was signed, a coup occurred within the Jin ruling group, which advocated use of the Southern Song Dynasty. Ta Laan, who was trying to induce surrender and make peace, was killed, and Zong Bi (Wushu) came to power. From the 10th year of Shaoxing (1140), the Jin Dynasty tore up the peace treaty and took Zong Bi as the commander-in-chief, leading the army to attack Henan and Shaanxi. With the support of the people, Yue Fei and Liu Qi defeated Jin Bing and created a good situation. Jin Bing generals were ready to surrender. Even Jin commander Wu Ling Si Mou, who was known for his cunning, could not control his subordinates and could only order the Yue family to be treated. The army surrendered as soon as it arrived. Jin General Han Chang wanted to surround him with 50,000 cavalry. Yue Fei was very happy to face the victory and said to his generals: "Go straight to Huanglong Mansion (now Nong'an, Jilin, the Jurchen base area), and meet with the princes Drink your ears! "They were about to cross the river in a few days, but Qin Hui wanted to give the land north of the Huaihe River to the Jin Dynasty and ordered Yue Fei to retreat. Yue Fei reported to the court: "The Jin people lost their spirit and moral integrity. They threw away all their equipment and food and rushed across the river. And our soldiers obey orders and serve wherever they go. The time never comes and the opportunity is hard to miss. ’ Asking to take advantage of the victory and march forward. Qin Hui believed that Yue Fei's will to resist the Jin Dynasty was irrevocable, so he first withdrew Zhang Jun's and Yang Yizhong's troops, then said that Yue Fei's army could not stay alone for a long time, and ordered him to retreat quickly. Zhao Gou and Qin Hui placed twelve gold-lettered plaques (wooden plaques with red lacquer and gold characters) in one day. The envoys held up the plaques and galloped past. Cars, horses and pedestrians had to give way when they saw them. They had to walk five hundred miles a day. Use it to convey the most important things. (Urgent military order), Yue Fei urgently urged the troops to withdraw. Yue Fei cried angrily and regretfully: "Ten years of hard work have been wasted in one day!" He ordered the troops to retreat reluctantly. The people stopped their horses and cried bitterly, and Yue Fei wept bitterly. The surrender faction in the Southern Song Dynasty, represented by Zhao Gou and Qin Hui, was the real power faction. They were not only worried that the smooth development of the anti-Jin war would arouse the dissatisfaction of the Jurchen nobles, but also worried that the rapid growth of the Yue family army would threaten their dominance. Therefore, when victory was in sight, they forced Yue Fei to retreat.
In April of the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1141), Qin Hui was afraid that important generals would be difficult to control, so he tried to take back their military power to remove obstacles that were not conducive to his surrender activities.
So the three generals Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun, and Yue Fei were secretly summoned to the court to "discuss their merits and reward them." When the three generals arrived in Lin'an, Han Shizhong and Zhang Jun were appointed as privy envoys, and Yue Fei as deputy envoy (privy envoys and deputy privy envoys are responsible for important military and state affairs). Ming was promoted to official position, and military power was effectively released. At the same time, the three Xuanfu divisions set up specifically for the war against Jin were also abolished.
After Zong Bi learned that Qin Hui had dismissed the three generals and destroyed the Great Wall, he took the opportunity to repeatedly threaten the Southern Song Dynasty with military force. He informed Zhao Gou that armies from all walks of life were marching by land and water, heading south to investigate, and indicated that if they were willing to surrender, they must use the Huai River as the boundary and cede the land and people north of the Huai River to the Kingdom of Jin. At the same time, the Jin Dynasty sent someone to instruct Cha Hui to kill Yue Fei, who had contributed most in the anti-Jin war, before peace could be negotiated. In the ninth and tenth months of the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1141), Qin Hui set up Yue Fei's Prison under the instructions of the gold depositor. He sent his admonisher Wan Qixi to collect perjury, organize prison speeches, and compile charges. Qin Hui also colluded with Zhang Jun, bribed and colluded with Zhang Xian's generals Wang Gui, Wang Jun and others, important generals of the Yue family army. Adhering to Qin Hui's will, he falsely accused Zhang Xian of wanting to take Xiangyang in order to restore Yue Fei's military power. Zhang Xian was arrested and imprisoned, and Yue Fei, Yue Yun and his son were also sent to Dali Temple (the highest judicial authority in the Song Dynasty). After Yue Fei was arrested, Qin Hui stepped up his surrender activities. In November, Zongbi sent Xiao Yi to Lin'an and proposed "the Huaihe River as the boundary, 250,000 silver and silk each year, and the cession of Tang and Deng states" as the conditions for peace negotiations. This was the second peace treaty of the Song and Jin Dynasties, known in history as " Shaoxing Peace Treaty".
After the peace treaty was signed, Qin Hui intensified the persecution of Yue Fei and others according to the intentions of the Jurchen nobles. It had been more than two months since Yue Fei was arrested, and "the charges were still fabricated. One day, Qin Hui was living alone in his study. He ate an orange and scratched the peel with his fingers, thinking deeply. Qin Hui's wife, Wang, had always been sinister. When she saw Qin Hui's actions, she laughed and said, "Why hasn't the old man made a decision? It's easy to catch a tiger, but it's difficult to release it!" Qin Hui understood what Wang meant and wrote a small piece of paper to send. jailer. Yue Fei died in prison that day, and Yue Yun and Zhang Xian were killed in the city. This day happened to be December 29, the eleventh year of Shaoxing (January 27, 1142). Qin Hui deeply resented Yue Fei's repeated failure to make peace talks, and wrote to Zhao Gou asking for the formulation of major national policies. This is contrary to Qin Hui's surrender policy, so Qin Hui always wanted to kill him. Yue Fei was arrested, and his subjects with a sense of justice were indignant. When Yue Fei was about to be killed, Han Shizhong was very angry and asked Qin Hui how much crime Yue Fei and his son had committed, what were the facts, and what evidence was there? Qin Hui said: "There is no reason" (this is the colloquial language at the time, meaning "maybe", "maybe there is" ). Han Shizhong said: "How can you serve the world if you don't have three words?" At this time, Han Shizhong had resigned from the post of privy envoy. He was full of anger and had to ride a donkey and drink wine around the West Lake. After Yue Fei was killed, his family was exiled to Lingnan. Either imprisoned or exiled, or died in prison. On the contrary, everyone who followed Qin Hui to frame Yue Fei was promoted. Qin Hui not only framed and killed Yue Fei, but also other loyal ministers and generals of the Southern Song Dynasty. The methods of persecution were innovated.
At that time, Qin Hui had already "used the power of the captives to seize the throne" and was able to control Zhao Gou, and his power extended and penetrated into politics, military, and finance. , all aspects of criminal law. From the perspective of criminal law alone, it is as summarized in Volume 16 of Xu Ziming's Chronicles of Song Dynasty after Qin Hui's death:
Fa Temple prohibits official business and does not abide by the law. It only depends on Qin Hui's private wishes at the moment. If he dies, he will die, and if he lives, he will live. Whipping, stick, disciple, flow, all hope (Qin Hui) wind. Purpose. Therefore, Qin Hui is more powerful and powerful, and people in the world are increasingly afraid of him.
Luo Zhi falsely accused Yue Fei and his son and put them to death. This is what Qin Hui allowed him to do. A typical example of "temporary selfishness" and "die to death"
Not long after Qin Hui's death, Zhao Gou issued an edict that restricted Qin Hui's power to live and kill without authorization. The matter has also been exposed. According to Volume 170 of "Yu Lu" since Jianyan, Jiashen in December of the 25th year of Shaoxing (January 5, 1156) contains:
Edict: The investigation has been completed, and the case has been reported. In recent years, most ministers have said that they have received a special order and will implement it from now on.
The so-called "minister" here refers specifically to Qin Hui; the so-called "just make a special edict" is actually a synonym for "false imperial edict", which is also a synonym for "false edict" in this edict. The Yue Fei prison case was not explicitly pointed out, but it was definitely included in this prison case.
In "Song History Criminal Law Chronicles" (II), it is more clearly pointed out that the unjust imprisonment of Yue Fei, his son and Zhang Xian was entirely caused by Qin Hui's correction of the imperial edict. The article says:
Prison edicts were originally intended to correct traitors, so it was not common. ...
In the eleventh year of (Shaoxing), Zhang Jun, the privy envoy, sent people to falsely accuse Zhang Xian, claiming that he had collected Yue Fei's writings and planned to change it. Qin Hui wanted to take advantage of this to kill Fei, so he ordered Wanqi to train him. Fei gave him death, and his son Yun Ji Xian was put to death in the city. ...
There was a rift between Hu Shunzhi, the commander-in-chief of Guangxi, and Lu Yuan, the transshipment envoy. Yuan reported to Shunzhi that Shunzhi had made dirty plans and made arrogance. Hui Su hated Shun Zhi and sent Dali officials to rule it. In June of the thirteenth year, Shun Zhi refused to obey and died in prison.
After the death of Fei and Shun Zhi, the power of Hui became more and more powerful, and he repeatedly set up prisons to punish those who dissent. It's called imperial prison, but it's actually not an imperial edict. Later, so-called imperial edicts and prisons were all similar to this, so they are not recorded.
It is linked to many historical facts at that time. For example, after Yue Fei was imprisoned, most of those who wanted to rescue him went to negotiate and argue with Qin Hui, while those who tried to dissuade Zhao Gou from Shangshu were extremely From this, we can know that every sentence in this narrative in "Song History·Criminal Law Chronicles" (2) is realistic. The conclusions contained therein are all very fair. "It is called a prison, but it is not an imperial edict", which best reflects the true situation of Qin Hui's creation of the unjust case of Yue Fei, his son and Zhang Xian. Therefore, as long as we can study this historical event calmly and realistically, we cannot deny that Qin Hui was the culprit who murdered Yue Fei, his son, and Zhang Xian.
Kneel down and worship the loyal soul
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In the Southern Song Dynasty, when people heard the news of Yue Fei's murder, "The world is so unjust that everyone who hears it sheds tears." Down to the three-foot-long children, everyone resented Qin Hui. The masses used flour to shape the image of Qin Hui and fried it in a pan. Later, the production process was simplified and only two long legs were left, which turned into the current dough sticks. For hundreds of years, people have been calling it "fried cypress". During the Yuan Dynasty, people defecated in front of Qin Hui's tomb and called his tomb a "stinking tomb". A limerick says, "The soil on the tomb of the great master is stinking all over the world." In the Ming Dynasty, someone planted a cypress tree in front of Yue Fei's tomb and split it into two with a knife, which was known as "the corpse cypress"; he also cast Qin cypress, Wang During the Qing Dynasty, a play in which Qin Hui harmed Yue Fei was performed in a theater. The audience sympathized with Yue Fei, and some people actually jumped on the stage and knocked down the actor playing Qin Hui. He hated Qin Hui very much, so he used stories, legends, myths and other forms to criticize and ridicule him. It is said that during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Wu from Jingkou was traveling in Hangzhou and saw a pig butcher removing the hair from the pig, and there were five holes in the belly of the pig. Words: "Qin Hui's tenth life. "There is also a story about "beating Qin Hui with an iron whip": Mr. Zhang dreamed of entering the Yue Temple, and the King of Yue treated him with courtesy. After Zhang bid farewell, he heard wailing in the woods behind the temple. He stepped forward and saw a prisoner hanging from a tree. The strongman whipped him hard with an iron whip and asked, "Who is that?" The prisoner said: "I am Qin Hui. King Yue's law stipulates that one hundred iron whips should be given every day. You are friendly with King Yue. Can you please ask King Yue to exempt you from the hundred iron whips today?" "Zhang agreed and went to see King Yue again. King Yue had foreseen his intention and was not polite to him. He scolded loudly: "You have always been with me. I was killed by Qin Hui and you were spared. Why do you hide the past today? Instead, he begged for the thief. But go quickly, I'll forgive you for now. Zhang left in a hurry, and when he passed through the woods, he saw another person holding the whip. He told Zhang, "King Yue was angry because you interceded for the prisoner, and he ordered another hundred whips today." "Zhang Dawei was frightened and woke up. The next day, his face was hot and his back was sweating. He hurriedly went to the Yue Temple to offer thanks. Fortunately, he didn't get sick. What a wonderful dream! Qin Hui stole the throne twice for nineteen years. . He colluded with Zhao Gou, harbored evil intentions, surrendered to the Jin Dynasty, harmed the country, and ruined ethics. The shameless people were promoted by Qin Hui, and there was little discussion. After Qin Hui died, Zhao Gou said that he no longer had to hide the dagger in his trousers. , followed by hating cypress, then loved cypress, and later feared cypress."
The reaction of the Jin Kingdom to the death of its lackey Qin Hui was extremely regretful. After Qin Hui's death, Han Zhouzhou pursued the title of King Qin Hui, He was renamed "Miao Chou" and launched a large-scale Northern Expedition. After his unfortunate defeat, he was forced to sign the "Jiading Peace Treaty" with the Jin State. During the peace negotiation, an important condition proposed by the Jin State turned out to be that the Song Dynasty must treat Qin Hui as "Miao Chou". "The title was removed. This shows how much the Jin Dynasty attached great importance to Qin Hui.
Today, in the ancient Yue Temple in Hangzhou, there is a huge plaque with the handwriting of Marshal Ye Jianying "Heart Awakens the Heaven" hanging high.
The statue of Yue Fei in the main hall is purple robes and gold armor, majestic and majestic, sitting with a sword. The cast statues of Qin Hui, Wang, Zhang Jun, and Wan Qixi kneel with bare arms behind their backs in the iron fence at the base of Yue Fei's cemetery. This is the most just judgment made by history, a shameful ending for the scum of the nation.