1950 received a doctorate in physics from Purdue University in the United States. Return to China in the same year. 1956, joined the China * * * production party. He has successively served as an assistant researcher at the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, an associate researcher at the Institute of Atomic Energy, director of the Ninth Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, member of the Department of Mathematical Physics of China Academy of Sciences, and the first and second executive directors of the China Nuclear Society. He is a member of the 12th Central Committee of communist party, China. Participate in organizing and leading the research and design of China's nuclear weapons. He is one of the founders of China's theoretical research on nuclear weapons. Great contributions have been made from the principle breakthrough and test success of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs and their weaponization to the major principle breakthrough and development test of new nuclear weapons. As a major participant, its achievements have won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award and the special prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.

Deng Jiaxian's contribution

Studied the atomic bomb and the hydrogen bomb.

Deng Jiaxian's Glorious Life (Yan Xu)

Deng Jiaxian, 1924, was born in Huaining County, Anhui Province, with a scholarly family. The following year, he went to Beijing with his mother and grew up beside his father, a philosophy professor in Tsinghua and Peking University. He entered primary school at the age of 5 and laid a good foundation of Chinese and western culture under the guidance of his father. 1935, he was admitted to Chongde Middle School and became best friends with Yang Zhenning, who was two classes older than him and was a neighbor in Tsinghua. Deng Jiaxian was deeply influenced by the patriotic national salvation movement on campus. 1937 After the fall of Beiping, he secretly joined the Anti-Japanese Party. Under the arrangement of his father, he went to Kunming, the rear area, with his sister, and 194 1 was admitted to the Physics Department of The National SouthWest Associated University.

1945 When the Anti-Japanese War was won, Deng Jiaxian graduated from the National Southwest United University and joined the "People's Youth", a peripheral organization of Kunming's * * * production party, and devoted himself to the struggle for democracy and against the dictatorship of the Kuomintang. The following year, he returned to Peiping, was employed as a teaching assistant in the Department of Physics of Peking University, and served as the chairman of the staff union of Peking University in the student movement. With the ambition of learning more skills to build a new China, he passed the postgraduate examination in the United States on 1947 and entered the graduate school of Purdue University in Indiana the following autumn. Because of his outstanding academic performance, he finished all the credits in less than two years and passed the doctoral thesis defense. At this time, he was only 26 years old and was called "Doctor Doll".

1950 In August, nine days after receiving his doctorate in the United States, Deng Jiaxian declined the detention of his tutor and friends at the same school and decided to return to China. In the same year 10, Deng Jiaxian came to the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences as a researcher. In the following eight years, he studied China's nuclear theory. 1953, he married Xu Luxi. Xu Luxi is the eldest daughter of Xu Deheng, an important student leader in the May 4th Movement and later vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). 1954, Deng Jiaxian joined the China * * * production party.

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/958, Qian Sanqiang, vice minister of the Second Machinery Department, found Deng Jiaxian and said that "the country is going to enlarge firecrackers" and asked him if he would like to take part in this work that must be kept strictly confidential. Deng Jiaxian agreed without hesitation. After returning home, he only told his wife that he wanted to transfer his job. He can no longer take care of his family and children, and communication is difficult. The wife, who has been influenced by patriotic thoughts since childhood, understands that her husband must engage in work of great significance to the country and expresses her firm support. Since then, Deng Jiaxian's name has disappeared in publications and foreign exchanges, and his figure only appears in the heavily guarded deep courtyard and the Gobi Desert.

After Deng Jiaxian became the director of the Theory Department of the Ninth Research Institute of the Second Machinery Department, he first selected a group of college students to prepare relevant Russian materials and atomic bomb models. 1in June, 959, the Soviet government terminated the original agreement, and the central government made up its mind to make atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and satellites by itself. Deng Jiaxian served as the head of the theoretical design of the atomic bomb, and at the same time deployed colleagues to study and calculate separately. He also took the lead in tackling key problems. When Deng Jiaxian faced a figure of atmospheric pressure left by Soviet experts, with the help of Zhou, he overturned the original conclusion through rigorous calculation, thus solving the key problem related to the success or failure of China's atomic bomb test. Mathematician Hua later said that this was the result of the "World Mathematical Problem Set".

Deng Jiaxian not only works hard in secret research institutes, but also often goes to the Gobi proving ground where sand and stones fly. 1964 10, China successfully exploded the first atomic bomb, and finally he signed the design scheme. He also led the researchers to quickly enter the explosion site to take samples after the test to confirm the effect. He studied hydrogen bombs with Yu Min and others. According to the "Deng Yu Plan", the hydrogen bomb was finally made and successfully tested two years and eight months after the atomic bomb exploded. Compared with 8 years in France, 7 years in the United States and 4 years in the Soviet Union, this has created the fastest speed in the world.

1972 Deng Jiaxian was the vice president of the nuclear weapons research institute, and 1979 was the president. 1984, China successfully conducted the second generation of new nuclear weapons test in the deep desert. The next year, his cancer spread beyond saving, and his request on National Day was to visit Tiananmen Square. 1986 July 16, the State Council awarded him the National May 1st Labor Medal. On July 29th of the same year, Deng Jiaxian passed away. His last words are still about how to work hard on cutting-edge weapons and exhort: "Don't let others leave us too far away ..."

Although Deng Jiaxian has been the leader of nuclear testing for a long time, he appeared in the front line at the most critical and dangerous time with the spirit of being extremely responsible for his work. For example, the life and death of nuclear weapons, such as inserting detonators and processing uranium balls, are all at a dangerous moment, which not only strengthens management, but also gives great encouragement to operators.

Once, a parachute accident occurred during the flight test, and the atomic bomb fell to the ground and cracked. Deng Jiaxian knew the danger well, but he grabbed it by himself and took the broken atomic bomb fragments in his hand for careful inspection. As a medical professor, his wife knew that he had the cracked atomic bomb and forced Deng Jiaxian to return to Beijing for inspection. It was found that there were radioactive substances in his urine, liver damage and radioactive substances in his bone marrow. Subsequently, Deng Jiaxian still insisted on returning to the nuclear test base. When struggling, he insisted on installing the detonator himself, and for the first time, he gave an order to the people around him with the authority of the dean: "You are too young to leave!" 1985, Deng Jiaxian finally left lop Nur and returned to Beijing, still wanting to attend the meeting. The doctor forced him to be hospitalized and told him that he had cancer. He collapsed feebly in his hospital bed, facing the comfort of his wife and defense minister Zhang Aiping, and said calmly, "I knew this day would come, but I didn't expect it to come so soon." The Central Committee tried its best, but it couldn't save his life. Shortly before Deng Jiaxian died, the organization provided him with a private car. He just sat in with the help of his family and turned around a little, indicating that he had enjoyed the treatment given by the state. 0/3 years after his death and on the eve of the 50th anniversary of the National Day in 1999, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission posthumously awarded Deng Jiaxian the gold medal of "Two Bombs and One Satellite".

(Excerpted from Beijing Youth Daily 5438+0 on June 25th, 2006)

Third, the friendship between Yang Zhenning and Deng Jiaxian (Xu Shenglan, Meng Dongming)

1964 10, a mushroom cloud rose in the sky over the vast Gobi desert, and China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully. Two years later, the first hydrogen bomb released dazzling light. This once shocked the whole world. As we all know, Oppenheimer is the "father of the atomic bomb" in the United States and sakharov is the "father of the hydrogen bomb" in the former Soviet Union. However, who is the founder of China's "Two Bombs"?

1in June, 986, all the major newspapers in China introduced the great scientist at the first time:

A little-known name, an outstanding achievement.

Deng Jiaxian, Father of "Two Bombs"

1In June, 1986, Deng Xiaoping, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, signed an order appointing Deng Jiaxian as the deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense.

1in July, 986, the State Council awarded Deng Jiaxian the title and medal of national model worker.

In recognition of Deng Jiaxian's great contribution to the development of China's nuclear weapons in the past 20 years, the Ministry of Nuclear Industry called on the vast number of scientific and technological personnel to learn from him, so as to carry forward his revolutionary spirit of disregarding fame and fortune, being an unsung hero and risking one's life to forget one's death.

Deng Jiaxian's outstanding deeds, his lofty aspirations and touching spirit of serving the country deeply shocked people's hearts!

There is a book abroad called "Brighter than a thousand suns". Deng Jiaxian's dedication to the cause shines more than a thousand suns! At the age of 34, he was ordered to develop the "Big Fireworks" in China. He bid farewell to his wife and two young children and entered the Gobi Desert incognito. For more than 20 years, neither he nor his colleagues have occupied a palm-sized page in newspapers and periodicals. They all buried their names and deep love for the motherland and the people in the most desolate and remote places in the motherland. People often forget them. Only when the shock waves of "big firecrackers" hit the earthquake monitoring stations in various countries again and again and attracted the attention of the world, people thought of their existence. ...

1986 On July 29th, Deng Jiaxian, the founding father of China, died in Beijing.

The whole country mourned the untimely death of this China elite.

His friends gave him an elegy with great sadness and reverence-"In Memory of Dean Deng Jiaxian";

Tianfu willow stuffed with cigarettes,

When will you return this?

……

Thunder rumbled on the experimental field.

Good news from the source of the river.

……

I wonder where Deng Lao is today?

Loyal souls lie on the banks of the Yangtze River.

General Zhang Aiping, the Secretary of Defense, wrote:

Stepping through the Gobi grassland,

35 years ago.

Even a thousand times,

Fighting together is the first step.

Czech audio annual biography,

Against nuclear blackmail,

China's innovative articles.

You treat fame and fortune like dirt,

Xu Shen is a powerful country.

Sad for your early death,

Merit benefits the world.

Premier the State Council made a special trip back to Beijing from other places to attend Deng Jiaxian's memorial service. He said: "Comrade Deng Jiaxian is a model for China's scientific and technological workers, and he is the pride of China's scientific and technological workers."

"I am extremely sad that Jia Xian died." Deng Jiaxian's father-in-law, Vice Chairman Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and 90-year-old Xu Deheng mourned Deng Jiaxian in this way on the large backpack he sent.

On the other side of the globe, Professor Yang Zhenning, thousands of miles away, sent a message of condolence to Deng Jiaxian's wife, Professor Xu Luxi, with infinite grief.

Mr. Yang Zhenning and Mr. Deng Jiaxian have a deep friendship. Let's read a passage in the eighth section of "Friendship for Half a Century" by Professor Xu Luxi of Beijing Medical University.

At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, the hydrogen bomb exploded, but the development of nuclear weapons did not end. But in that era of smoke, even the nuclear weapons research institute in Jiaxian County was not spared. Lin Biao and the Gang of Four organized some people who didn't know the truth to point the finger at the heads of more than a dozen theoretical departments such as Jia Xian. Jia Xian knows very well that if he says anything against his will, it will bring great losses to China's nuclear weapons cause. He resisted tenaciously and the situation was very dangerous. At this critical juncture, it seems that heaven has eyes. Mr. Yang Zhenning flew from new york to Shanghai via Paris. After getting off the plane, he made a list of people he wanted to see. The first one on the list was Deng Jiaxian. The list soon spread to the central authorities, and Jia Xian was immediately recalled to Beijing to receive visitors. Soon, with the personal intervention of Premier Zhou, the darkness in the base ended.

Of course, Mr. Yang Zhenning didn't know how important their meeting was to Jia Xian, but our whole family sincerely thanked him.

Mr. Yang and Jia Xian have had a deep friendship since childhood. Their ancestral home is Anhui, and they live next door to the Tsinghua campus. Deng's father and Yang's father have been good friends for many years. Professor Yang Zhenping's younger brother is also closely related to jia county. When I was a teenager, Jia Xian and Yang Zhenning always played squash, glass balls and even climbed trees. In middle school, Jia Xian and Yang Zhenning were both in Chongde Middle School in Beiping. Yang Zhenning was two grades higher than Jia Xian, and later they were alumni of The National SouthWest Associated University. On the eve of liberation, Jia Xian and Yang brothers both went to study in the United States. After receiving his doctorate, Jia first separated from them, but their friendship still exists.

197 1 year, Teacher Yang has come back to visit and give lectures many times. Jiaxian always chats with him about the past. Once Mr. Yang came to our house, and he said that he wanted to ride to the Summer Palace with Jiaxian. For the sake of safety, we really dare not promise him such a request. Another time, we went to Beihai to imitate delicious food. Everyone was talking and laughing while eating. Mr. Yang said to Jiaxian, "You can eat enough this time. I think you are often hungry when you are studying in America! " Yes, when Jiaxian was studying abroad, life was very hard. At first, I didn't have a scholarship, so I didn't dare to eat according to my appetite. I could only eat according to my money. At one time, he and Hong (now working in the Center for Cryogenic Physics of China Academy of Sciences) shared a room in the attic of an old American woman. Once they went to dinner, and after two steaks were served, Jia first looked at them and said to Hong, "My piece is small, and yours is big." Hong gave his share to jia county. ..... Recalling these past events, Mr. Yang and Jia Xian both laughed.

Later, Mr. Yang sent books to Jia Xian many times, including Selected Works and Forty Years of Reading and Teaching, all of which were written about Jia Xian or Jia. On Jia Xian's 60th birthday, Mr. Yang specially gave him a chess set. After Jiaxian was hospitalized, Mr. Yang went to the hospital to see him and find him a specific medicine. For the last time, Mr. Yang gave Jia Xian a big bouquet of flowers, symbolizing the everlasting friendship between them. As Mr. Yang said in his condolence telegram to me, "Jia Xian is my most beloved friend. His selfless spirit and great contribution are yours and my eternal pride. "

Finally, I want to use a sentence from Mr. Yang Zhenning as the conclusion of my nostalgic article:

"Yes, if Jia Xian chooses life again, he will still go the way he walked. This is his character and quality. Not many people can evaluate their lives like this. We should thank the crops first! "

Jiaxian didn't waste his life!

1October 23rd1987 10, accompanied by Song Jian and Zhou, went to Babaoshan cemetery to pay homage to his close friend Deng Jiaxian, who had been close friends for half a century.

In Beijing in late autumn, autumn wind brings chill to people. Babaoshan Cemetery has set up a mourning hall in the yard outside the mourning hall to house the ashes. In front of the huge portrait of Deng Jiaxian, there is a flower basket sent by Yang Zhenning, and the ribbon reads "Eternal Yang Zhenning Worship in Deng Jiaxian".

Facing the portrait of Deng Jiaxian, Yang Zhenning observed a moment of silence with tears and bowed in mourning.

After the memorial service, Deng Jiaxian's wife, Ms. Xu Luxi, presented Yang Zhenning with a set of stone carving stationery made in Anhui according to Deng Jiaxian's entrustment before his death, which read "Zhenning, give gifts, remember crops, respect crops first." Ms. Xu Luxi said with deep affection that this set of stationery symbolizes the nostalgia and friendship between Deng Jiaxian and Yang Zhenning.

Deng Jiaxian is Yang Zhenning's classmate in middle school and university. He has made great contributions to China's nuclear cause. But in the past, China didn't focus on publicizing and commending him in newspapers and periodicals. 1June, 986, when Deng Jiaxian was seriously ill, Yang Zhenning went to the hospital to visit him. Later, Yang Zhenning talked about his views to the central leading comrades. He believes that it is high time for China to introduce scientists who have contributed to China and the world.

Yang Zhenning has great respect for Deng Jiaxian. He said, "Deng Jiaxian is a handsome man in China. It is very, very difficult for him to gain the absolute trust of China leaders and the masses. " He added: "China's top officials chose him as the leader of the research on atomic bombs. This man is a man of great vision. I know Deng Jiaxian, and I also know Oppenheimer and Taylor in the United States. These three people have different personalities. Deng Jiaxian is easy-going, shy and has no administrative experience. At the beginning, General groves of the United States also hired Oppenheimer, who had no administrative experience, as the host, and achieved great success in his career. Jiaxian has a completely different personality and is another handsome talent. I have collected a lot of information about Deng Jiaxian. I hope someone will write a biography about Deng Jiaxian one day. I hope that the biography can express his contribution to China in detail. "

History has not forgotten them! 1987, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army of China, CCTV broadcasted a TV series with 12 episodes: Let History Tell the Future. In the eighth episode, there are such pictures and explanations:

1964, the magnificent scene of China's first atomic bomb explosion was displayed on the screen. The ecstatic people of China, the red People's Daily and Mr. Deng Jiaxian's tall body also appeared on the screen.

……

197 1 When Yang Zhenning learned that China's two bombs were made by China people themselves, he left the party and went into the bathroom. At that time, he was in tears! "

Seventh grade People's Education Edition Chinese book: by Deng Jiaxian Yang Zhenning.

From "being slaughtered" to "standing up"

The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the Eight-Nation Alliance era 100 years ago were probably the darkest and most tragic times in the 5,000-year history of the Chinese nation. Take 1898 as an example:

Germany occupied JIAOZHOU bay in Shandong province and "leased" it for 99 years.

Russia occupied Dalian in Lushun, Liaoning, and "leased" it for 25 years.

France occupied Guangzhou Bay in Guangdong and "leased" it for 99 years.

Britain occupied Ahava and Hongkong New Territories, with the former "leased" for 25 years and the latter "leased" for 99 years.

It was an era when the Chinese nation was at the mercy of others, subjugated and extinct.

Today, a century later, the people of China have stood up.

This is the result of the efforts of thousands of people in Qian Qian and a great victory created by many epic heroes. This may be the most important and far-reaching change in human history in the 20th century.

Deng Jiaxian, a little-known scientist for a long time, has made great contributions to this transformation.

"two bombs" father