2003- 1-9 Global Times
Historical karma has led to the emergence of the "Palace Museum" on both sides of the strait. For most people in Chinese mainland, the National Palace Museum in Taipei is both familiar and unfamiliar. Familiar because its name has a long history, unfamiliar but not experienced so far. Well, now allow the reporter to take you to the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
You don't need an interpreter to visit the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
The National Palace Museum in Taipei is located in Shuangxi, a suburb of Taipei, covering an area of 65,438+0,200 mu. Construction started in 65,438+0,962, and was completed on the birthday of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in 65,438+0,654,38+0.2, so it also has a name called "Sun Yat-sen Museum". The whole building is modeled after the Forbidden City in Beijing, and adopts the design style of China Palace, with blue tiles, yellow walls and carved fences, which are particularly elegant and gorgeous under the green hills.
When I came to the Forbidden City Square in Taipei, the first thing that caught my eye was a six-column archway with the words "The world is public" inscribed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. When I climbed the stairs, I could see a bronze tripod engraved with the word "fraternity" on the platform. Further up, it is the "Palace Museum". Admission to the National Palace Museum in Taipei is NT$ 100 (the same below, 4 yuan NT$ 1 RMB). 50 yuan is the preferential price for soldiers, policemen and students; children under 6 years old and people over 65 years old in Taiwan Province Province are free; 80 yuan is the preferential price for groups with more than 20 people. In addition, at the door, you can rent a voice guide with a valid certificate, which costs 100 yuan and does not need a commentator. When the time comes, just enter the number of the cultural relics in front of you, and the tour guide will tell you where the cultural relics came from, which dynasty, what is the use, and where the mystery is.
The collection is extremely rich, and the theme exhibition is even more popular.
The cultural relics of the National Palace Museum in Taipei came from the preparatory office of the National Palace Museum in Beijing and the Central Museum in Nanjing. Later, some of them were accepted, donated and purchased. They mainly collected palace treasures from Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and there are nearly 70,000 cultural relics, including bronzes, porcelain, jade, lacquerware, enamel and Wan Wen. There are nearly 654.38+100000 calligraphy and painting, including calligraphy, painting, weaving and embroidery. Among them, there are the most books and documents, nearly 570 thousand volumes, including the four books and rare books. Among them, ceramics, calligraphy and painting, and bronzes are the most complete, while jade cabbage and meat-shaped stones are the most attractive to tourists and become the signs of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. There are so many cultural relics in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. If the exhibits are changed every three months and the samples are not repeated, they can probably be exhibited 100.
Limited to the exhibition venue, the National Palace Museum in Taipei can only exhibit 1700 pieces of various cultural relics at a time, which will be replaced regularly or irregularly. Long-term exhibitions include Shang and Zhou bronzes, Han to Five Dynasties pottery, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing porcelain and China jade. Therefore, in the face of a dazzling array of exhibition contents, it is far more rewarding to choose a theme and ponder it slowly than to browse. If you want to appreciate each exhibition room carefully, you'd better visit it in different rooms one by one. For example, the paintings and calligraphy of the Song Dynasty can be seen with one's own eyes, which is enough to make people linger. After reading all the original works, you can calm down, sit in the small theater and carefully appreciate the partial outline of the copied and enlarged paintings and calligraphy. Quaint music, popular explanations, and the beauty of calligraphy and painting in the Song Dynasty, you have long been aware of it.
Of course, the theme exhibition of the National Palace Museum in Taipei is more popular. For example, "Refreshing the Heart-Special Exhibition on Tea Sets, Tea Stories and Tea Paintings", * * * exhibited tea sets, tea books and other * *197 components from Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, so that people can systematically appreciate the unique tea classics, tea tasting situations and tea drinking utensils in China culture. In order to make the exhibition more complete, Taibei Palace Museum specially borrowed tea sets from Taiwan Province Natural Science Museum and Tokyo National Museum. The layout of the whole exhibition is also very unique, just like the teahouse in the south of the Yangtze River, with white walls and tiles, leaking windows, bamboo pruning and clear springs bubbling out.
The reporter was lucky enough to see the annual exhibition in 2002-Great Cultural Cause of Qianlong. This exhibition brings together many precious cultural relics, some of which are even open for the first time. Among them, the portrait of the wedding of Emperor Qianlong and Empress Xiaoxian was made by Lang Shining, an Italian missionary and court painter in Qing Dynasty. It is now in the Cleveland Museum, USA, and is specially borrowed for this exhibition. At the same time, we also learned from the southern tour of the Metropolitan Museum of New York, and exhibited two rare treasures of the National Palace Museum in Taipei-Wang Xizhi's "Quick Snow Clear Post" and Mi Fei's "Susu Post", which lasted only 40 days. Among nearly 200 exhibits, a beautiful portrait of a woman in uniform aroused people's curiosity. This is a western oil painting, which is said to be a portrait of ChristianRandPhillips, but there is no definite evidence at present. Due to the long time of painting, the signature at the bottom of the scroll is unknown. However, this has left an infinite imagination space for literary and artistic works, and it is possible to "joke" again. The National Palace Museum in Taipei has a rich collection and holds large-scale exhibitions every year. The theme of 200 1 is Genghis Khan, and the year 2000 is the Cultural Relics Exhibition of Song Dynasty.
After visiting the National Palace Museum in Taipei, visitors can also have tea and talk in the "Sanxi Hall" on the fourth floor, and have a short rest. This "Sanxi Hall" is modeled after the Yangxin Hall of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. In addition to showing Wang Xizhi's original works, there are some enlarged photos of Lu Yu's Tea Classic in Tang Dynasty hanging on four beams. Of course, after enjoying the ancient Chinese characters, you can finally go to the replica supply center to buy souvenirs and take them home to enjoy.
The Forbidden City on both sides of the strait has its own merits.
There is the Forbidden City on both sides of the strait, mainly the collection of Qing Palace. Tracing back to the history of the museum, they all regard the opening of the palace in 1925 as the symbol of their birth. Some people say that the Forbidden City in Beijing "has the Forbidden City but no cultural relics" and the National Palace Museum in Taipei "has cultural relics but no cultural relics". Others say that the cultural relics moved to Taiwan only account for 1/4 of the original cultural relics moved to the south, and the National Palace Museum in Taipei is simply not as good as the National Palace Museum in Beijing. What is the actual situation? The reporter has been to these two Forbidden Cities many times. This time, they specially interviewed Du, president of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and exchanged some views with him. To be fair, the Forbidden City on both sides of the strait has its own merits.
Speaking of calligraphy and painting, there are 943 Song paintings in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. In addition, there are more than 300 bronzes in the Western Zhou Dynasty, half of which have inscriptions, which are handed down from generation to generation. For example, there are three lines of 497 words in Mao abdomen, which is very rare and is still the largest number of bronzes in the Western Zhou Dynasty. There are more fine products in porcelain. 90% of Ru kilns of Song porcelain and Gu Yue Xuan of Qing porcelain are located in Taiwan Province Province, which is also one of the most boastful collections in the National Palace Museum.
The 650,000 pieces in the National Palace Museum in Taipei can be called the treasure house of Chinese culture and art, but the collection of more than 6,543,800 pieces in the National Palace Museum in Beijing is also unparalleled. After the founding of New China, Pu Yi's masterpieces such as Wu Niu Tu, Han Xizai's Night Banquet Tu and You Chuntu were basically recovered from the Forbidden City. A few years ago, he even spent tens of millions of dollars to buy a Huai Su wild grass fish post that lived among the people. In addition, religious relics, especially Tibetan Buddhist relics after the Qing dynasty, were not taken away by the Kuomintang at that time because the evaluation of cultural relics was very different from that now. In addition, limited by the traffic capacity of that year, the emperor's throne was too big and the furniture was too big to carry, so many precious Ming and Qing furniture still remain in the Palace Museum in Beijing. The most important thing is that the Forbidden City in Beijing is beautiful, an unparalleled ancient building and a great cultural relic.
Due to historical reasons, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait are still in a state of separation, and some cultural relics as Chinese treasures are also separated in the Palace Museum on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. For example, the second wish in the "three wishes" is hidden in the Forbidden City in Beijing, and the other wish is that Wang Xizhi's "Sunny Post in the Snow" is hidden in the Forbidden City in Taipei. Other works, such as Fuchun by Huang in Yuan Dynasty, are regarded as the treasures of Zhejiang Museum, but in fact it is only the first half, and the second half is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
How to guard against theft and number the cultural relics in the National Palace Museum in Taipei?
The National Palace Museum in Taipei has an antique showroom with modern exhibition means and conditions. Of course, it is not only hardware, but also other things, such as the arrangement, development and utilization of literature and archives, especially providing some retrieval and services to the society. This is what a museum really plays a profound role. In terms of cultural relics protection, the National Palace Museum in Taipei is particularly attentive.
Du, president of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, told reporters that the application of new knowledge and new technology can first protect cultural relics from fire and theft, secondly ensure the temperature and humidity required by cultural relics, and finally make the management of collection warehouses more thorough and complete. According to the regulations of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, when opening and closing warehouses, two employees and 1 workmates with computer lock cards and common lock keys should accompany them and cooperate with the computer control center to complete the operation. People entering and leaving the warehouse need to fill in diaries and record them with closed-circuit television through computers. Opening the cultural relics box also requires the presence of two staff members and two workers. Outsiders, including the dean himself, are not allowed to enter the warehouse unless they get official or approval. Cultural relics need to be fumigated and disinfected when they enter the repository.
Interestingly, the cultural relics boxes and scrolls in the National Palace Museum in Taipei are exactly the same as those in the National Palace Museum in Beijing, and the texture, color and warehousing procedures are also very uniform on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
So, how are so many cultural relics numbered in the National Palace Museum in Taipei? The earliest numbering method of the cultural relics in the Forbidden City was to use the "thousand characters" as the code. For example, the palace where the emperor lived was given "Tian" and the palace where the queen lived was given "Di". Then the cultural relics displayed in the palace were registered and numbered in turn. You must be curious to know what is the treasure numbered "Tian" No.1? Probably no one thought that it was actually a wooden pier in Gan Qing Palace, because it was the first thing you saw when you entered the door, so it was ranked first. This set of thousand-word numbers has been used in the National Palace Museum in Taipei ever since.
Worried about being asked to "return things to their original owners", the cultural relics of the National Palace Museum in Taipei were not exhibited in the mainland.
As for cross-strait cultural relics exchange, cross-strait cultural relics exchange was nearly 10 years ago. It is worth noting that cross-strait cultural relics exchange is basically one-way.
The National Palace Museum in Taipei began to borrow cultural relics from the mainland on 1999. At that time, cultural relics were lent from the mainland for the special exhibitions of "Sanxingdui Legend" and "Han Dynasty Cultural Relics Exhibition", which caused great sensation. In 200 1 year, "Heaven, Earth, Qin and Han Dynasties-Tang Dynasty Cultural Relics Exhibition", the cultural relics of Shaanxi Province came from 12 cultural relics units, with *** 120 pieces, including gold and silver, copper and iron, jade crystal, agate and ceramics. As for when the cultural relics of the National Palace Museum in Taipei can be exhibited in the mainland, local public opinion generally believes that two conditions should be met. One is to go through the procedure of "judicial immunity", mainly because some people worry that the cultural relics of the National Palace Museum in Taipei will be required to be "returned to their original owners" when they are exhibited in the mainland; Second, the exhibition room meets the requirements of "constant temperature and humidity", which can be called technical conditions.
The National Palace Museum in Taipei has collected the essence of China's culture and art in past dynasties, showing the glorious history of Chinese culture with a long history. It receives about 2 million tourists every year, ranking the top three in Taiwan Province Province. With the increase in the number of visitors, the planned main hall and supporting service facilities, including exhibition venues, public spaces and surrounding roads, transportation and parking facilities, can no longer meet the demand, especially the daily number of visitors is as high as1.20,000-1.50,000. In order to effectively improve the present situation, the National Palace Museum in Taipei has formulated a renovation plan with a total investment of NT$ 400 million, which is expected to start in March and April 2003 and be completed by the end of 2003. (