Eiffel Towel
The Eiffel Tower in Paris is world-famous. It is the most famous building in the world, and it is also the building that people take the most photos of. Since 1889,1850,000 people have climbed the Eiffel Tower, and the maximum number of tourists is 17000 people a day.
However, who would have thought that this unique tower was built amid criticism, abuse and opposition?
At first, its unique materials and strange shapes met with strong opposition from many people. Opponents mainly come from two aspects: first, conservative literary and art workers; A school is an expert in material construction. Since 1886 published the design drawings of the tower, the voices of attack and opposition have been endless, and they launched the "Movement against 300 meters (height)". Especially1887 February 14, the day after the project officially started 19, The Paris Times published a protest against the construction of the Eiffel Tower, which was signed by a group of artists and architects.
The protest wrote: "We, writers, painters, sculptors and architects who love the beauty of Paris and cherish its image, protested indignantly against the construction of a meaningless giant-the Eiffel Tower in the center of our capital. Its name is that French characteristics are despised and French history is threatened ... People imagine how the beautiful buildings in Paris can be compared with a dazzling, ridiculous and weird black chimney. With its barbaric style, the Black Tower has destroyed the atmosphere of the whole Paris architecture, made the traditional buildings in Paris ugly, made the famous buildings fall in price, and the beautiful Paris will disappear in a nightmare. In the next 20 years, we will all see the monster of the century-the iron column fixed with bolts shaking in the city center, like a drop of ink sprinkled on a piece of white paper, smearing a hateful stain on Paris's face. "
The signature of the protest is:
Composer Cournot, King of Short Stories Mo Bosang, novelist and playwright Dumas, lyricist Coppe, poet leconte, poet, engineer, academician Boludomo, painter and sculptor Blue, painter and sculptor Masoney, tragic writer Salodu, architect Kearney, writer Blaine, writer Vereland and writer Husman.
Before and after the protest, these celebrities also published speeches and articles attacking the Eiffel Tower. Husman called the tower an "empty candlestick"; Blaise tower is a "sad stilt"; Coppe called the tower "a deformed and unfinished iron mast"; Weyland vowed that "I would rather take a detour than take a second look"; Mo Bosang also threatened that "when this tower is completed, it is time for me to leave Paris, and I want to stay away from France".
Faced with opposition and protest, the designer and famous architect of the Eiffel Tower, Mr. Eiffel, retaliated. On the same day, The Times published Mr. Eiffel's answer to a reporter's question. He expounded his architectural art theory: "I think, for me, the tower will have its own unique charm. This is because we are engineers, don't we architectural engineers pay attention to the aesthetic feeling of architecture? Do we only pay attention to firmness and permanence without trying our best to pursue its beauty? Can't the factors of force and beauty really be harmonious and unified ... I can assure you that the curve shape of the chord-shaped base connected with the platform that I designed and calculated accurately will be both firm and beautiful, achieve the harmonious unity of force and beauty, and dispel people's concerns about the safety of the tower, thus showing the boldness and courage of the overall design. "
Attacks, censure and opposition failed to shake the confidence and determination of the tower builders, and the tower achieved great success with its new materials and bold design. 1889 March 3 1 afternoon 1: 30, the great moment has come. At that time, the world's tallest Eiffel Tower was officially completed and cut the ribbon. Mr. Eiffel walked 17 10 with the French flag in his hand and climbed to the top of the tower. With a salute of 2 1, he planted the national flag on the top of the tower. As he later saw on a lady's fan, "the French flag is the only flag in the world with a 300-meter-high flagpole", and he was extremely proud of it.
Various criticisms gradually disappeared with the completion of the tower. The huge A-shaped steel bars are not only heavy, but also elegant and lightweight. It is towering, dominating the whole city, gradually adapting to the architectural landscape of Paris, and finally becoming a symbol of Paris. Its modern beauty has conquered people from all walks of life. During the 1889 international exposition, 2 million people visited the tower. After visiting the tower, Edison, the great inventor of the invention, dedicated his demonstration phonograph with two mirrors and two sound tubes to Eiffel, and wrote an inscription: "Dedicated to the brave builder who built such a huge and modern architectural model-Eiffel".
In the past 100 years, many interesting things and miracles have happened on the Eiffel Tower. 1965438+At 8: 30 on February 4th, 2002, a tailor in Paris, Fran Hershey, jumped off a platform with his "clothes umbrella" and tried to become a flying man, but failed and fell to his death. On June 2nd, 1923, Pierre Labik, a reporter from Little Parisians, rode his bike from the top to the bottom. 1963 On September 23rd, Gagarin, the world's first astronaut, boarded the iron tower. 1April 8, 984 1 1, a pair of British lovers, Amante Duca and Mick Macatee, parachuted from the third floor and successfully landed in the Ares Square under the tower for 45 seconds. 1984 March 3 1 day 1 1 30, a 27-year-old American pilot, Robert Mkiadi, flew under the base of the tower in a glider.
When the year 2000 came, the tower was completely new. It took 20 workers three months to install 20,000 flashlights on the tower. Whenever night falls, the brightly lit Eiffel Tower shines like a golden pagoda in the night sky of Paris.