Yuan dynasty zaju writer. No. Dongli people are mostly from (now Beijing). Zhang Kejiu, a Sanqu writer, wrote "Double Tone Qing Dong Yuan", calling Ma Zhiyuan the ancestor. Zhang Kejiu was born around 1270. Ma Zhiyuan's birth year should be around 1250. In the first year of Zhi Zhi, Yuan Yingzong (132 1), Ma Zhiyuan wrote a suite of "Hua Yi in Zhi Zhi", but Zhou Deqing died in 1324 when he wrote "The Rhythm Preface of the Central Plains". His death date should be between 132 1 ~ 1324. Ma Zhiyuan also pursued fame in his early years, but failed to find a way out. During the Dade period, he became a provincial official in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. When I was in Hangzhou, I sang songs with Lu Zhi, a Sanqu writer. Seclusion in his later years.

Ma Zhiyuan has been engaged in the creation of zaju all his life and enjoys a high reputation. Two plays, Autumn in Han Palace, Lonely Goose with Broken Dreams and Three Drunken Yueyang Tower in Lv Dongbin, were sung at the latest in the end of Yuan Dynasty. During his reign, he attended a reading club and wrote "Opening the Altar to Interpret Dreams" together with the artist Hua and the scarlet letter Li Er. There are 0/5 kinds of zaju/kloc, and 7 kinds exist. In addition to the above three kinds of dramas, there are four kinds of zaju, such as Tears of Sima Qing in Jiangzhou, A Monument to the Blessed by Midnight Thunder, Ma Danyang Being a Wind Child for Three Times, Chen Bo Sleeping High in Xihua Mountain, and The Fourth Broken Song of Liu Ruan's Misentry into Taoyuan Cave, etc. Ma Zhiyuan is also a famous Sanqu writer, and the existing version of Dongli Yuefu is 1 volume, including 104 poems and 17 episodes. According to the Qupin written by Lu Tiancheng in Ming Dynasty and the newly-edited Manual of Nine Palaces and Thirteen Photos in Hanshan Hall by Zhang Dafu in Qing Dynasty, he also wrote The Shepherd, a Southern Opera, and co-wrote Three Negligences of Li Mian and Reunion at Xiao Shuzhen's Grave (the above two plays have been lost). Whether they are reliable remains to be verified.

Autumn in Han Palace is Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece, which tells the story of Wang Zhaojun's departure from the fortress and his marriage. In the first year of Jingning in the Western Han Dynasty (33 BC), Yuan Di married Uhaanyehe, a Hun, and married Wang Qiang, an imperial secretary, as E Shi. This is a kind of political marriage, which objectively promoted the close ethnic relations at that time. But as far as Wang Zhaojun is concerned, her experience in the Han Dynasty and Xiongnu was tragic. There are many works in history that praise and narrate Zhao Jun's leaving the village. For example, Zhao Jun Complain in Yuefu Poems is the representative of lyrics composition, and Wang Zhaojun in the note novel Xijing Miscellanies (Jin Zhu, Xin Zhu) is also very influential. Later generations chanted more poems of Zhao Jun. Most of these works reveal a sad mood and express the author's resentment. Wang Zhaojun's story has been constantly modified in the process of spreading, and gradually became the theme of folk rap literature and art. Wang Zhaojun's Dunhuang Bianwen is a work of the Tang Dynasty, with the front part incomplete and the back part showing Wang Zhaojun's homesickness. Although he was considerate to her in every way, he failed to win her favor and eventually died of anxiety. In the Song Dynasty, there was also a chapter about Zhao Jun's deeds. Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty does not stick to historical facts, but is based on previous works. First of all, the script changed the historical background of the story to Xiongnu's prosperity, and Zhaojun left the fortress under coercion, thus highlighting Wang Zhaojun's deep feelings for the motherland. Second, the painter Mao Yanshou was changed to Chinese medicine, but he didn't ask for a bribe. He dedicated Zhao Jun's paintings to Khan, instigated the Huns to attack Han, and became the main target of condemnation. Third, Wang Zhaojun committed suicide by throwing himself into the river before entering Xiongnu. In this way, Zhao Jun's story was given a new theme. This is a tortuous reflection of national sentiment after the downfall of Jin and Song Dynasties in the early Yuan Dynasty, which has certain practical significance at that time. The protagonist of Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty is Emperor Han Yuan. The work analyzes this incident through his condemnation and self-sighing to the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs. As the head of a country, he couldn't even protect his own concubine, which led to the tragedy of Where Are You Going? In the play, Emperor Han Yuan rebuked the civil servant and military commander who could not defend the country: "In peacetime, you sold the credit of your prime minister, and if something happens, you gave my beauty away. You made a royal pension, which greatly broke the worries of the emperor. " Judging from the reality at that time, it was a criticism of the ministers who perished in Jin and Song Dynasties. In describing the thoughts of the Han and Yuan emperors on Wang Zhaojun, there is a deep concern for the fate of the country and a deep sadness. Especially after the fourth fold of the work describes Zhao Jun's departure, Emperor Han Yuan heard the shrill cry of wild geese, which multiplied his sadness and expressed his full sadness in repeated sighs. This is quite similar to the artistic conception and technique of the fourth fold of Bai Pu's Wu Tongyu. They all express the author's mood through the rise and fall of history, but each has its own characteristics and is handed down as a swan song. Although Wang Zhaojun was not the lead singer of Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty, he was successfully portrayed and became the basis of Zhaojun's image in some opera works in Ming and Qing Dynasties. She knew that the wind and frost beyond the Great Wall were unbearable and had to make peace for the Han Dynasty. When she left, she left the clothes of the Han family and died at the junction of Han and Hungary. These plots are not much ink, but they strongly dye out her lofty integrity and shine with touching brilliance. Autumn Color Map of Han Palace —— Selected from Ancient Zaju, a block-printed version of Ancient Quzhai in Wanli Period of Ming Dynasty

Zhang Gao, a scholar in Ma Zhiyuan's Blessing Monument, is poor and lives in Jianfu Temple. The temple tablet is Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy, which could have been printed and sold for money. As Sichuan Province will come to Beijing, I don't want to be shattered by thunder again. This is called "thunder in the middle of the night to recommend a blessing tablet." The script is based on Cold Zhai Ye Hua by Hui Hong, a famous monk in the Song Dynasty, which shows the depressed spirit of Confucian scholars in the Yuan Dynasty and also promotes the idea that the gains and losses due to poor communication are all due to fate. Tears of Shirt borrows Bai Juyi's poem Pipa Xing to describe the love story between Bai Juyi and prostitute Pei Xingnv, interspersed with disputes caused by businessmen's intervention. This kind of drama conflict is more common in Yuan Zaju. These two plays respectively attacked the real society through the unfortunate experiences of the protagonists, and also revealed the thoughts and feelings of the gifted scholars.

Huangliangmeng, Yueyang Tower and Ren Fengzi are all stories about Quanzhen religion. They wrote that Han Zhong left Lv Dongbin in Han Road, Lv Dongbin took off the willow essence in Yueyang Tower, and Ma Danyang took off the butcher Ren Fengzi in Ganhe Town, all with the results. "I" tells the story that Chen, a hermit, is unmoved by fame and fortune. Chen □ is also a deity respected by Quanzhen Sect. Quanzhen religion began in the late Northern Song Dynasty and prevailed in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. It is a branch of Taoism, which absorbs Buddhist classics and Confucian thoughts, and advocates "understanding the nature, getting rid of feelings and desires, enduring shame and filth, and benefiting others" (Ethan Daoqian's Record of Ganshui Fairy Source). It reflects the destination where some intellectuals escape from the world. The ideological tendency of Ma Zhiyuan's immortal Taoist drama is quite in tune with Quanzhen doctrine. It is naturally negative and absurd for him to advocate escape from reality and cultivate immortality, but his exposure and condemnation of the unjust social reality at that time has its reasonable elements, which cannot be ignored.

Ma Zhiyuan's plays are permeated with the spirit of criticizing reality. For example, in the autumn of the Han Palace, the officials were accused of "guarding the Jade Pass and searching for western generals" and "I raised the imperial armored soldiers there for nothing", accusing them of being just "ungrateful thieves and beasts". "Blessing Monument" reveals that the society at that time was: "This wall blocked the road to virtue, and that wall blocked the official career. Now, the smarter you are, the more painful you are. The more demented you are, the more enjoyable you are. The more confused, the more confused. Then this is silverware pottery, and his son Zhang Xuegan Lu has no money. " "Huangliangmeng" attacked the sinister world wind at that time: "Today's people should be fake but not true, so they should respect clothes rather than people." Ma Zhiyuan praised some Confucian scholars, Taoists and hermits in his works. Ma Zhiyuan's thought is representative among the literati in Yuan Dynasty, and it also has an influence on later generations. He was outraged by this social phenomenon of right and wrong, and even fell into a desperate situation, so he tried to find spiritual sustenance from the cultivation and seclusion of truth. His negative emotions are obvious, but there is an uncontrollable anger in his sad thoughts, which brings bold momentum to his works. Ma Zhiyuan's artistic talent was highly praised in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Zhou Deqing mentioned "Guan, Ma, Zheng and Bai" in the phonology of the Central Plains. He is good at expressing feelings of tragedy, grief and indignation, and has an elegant and beautiful music dictionary and profound skill. Ma Zhiyuan's achievements in language art are particularly outstanding, and he became a famous writer with unique features in Yuan Zaju. His Sanqu was a great success among writers in the early Yuan Dynasty and was highly praised by later generations.