Needless to say, the more you know, the better.
If you happen to be abroad, you should also be good at English, at least in reading and speaking.
3. At the beginning of the project, the consultant (consulting engineer, equivalent to supervisor) or the owner's representative will give you the original design drawings and contract documents. You need to know the design drawings and BOQ (bill of quantities) and specifications (technical specifications) first. Spending some time on it will be good for your future work progress. Match the items on the drawing with the unit price on BOQ, and do it well if there is any problem.
4. When you are familiar with the drawings and BOQ, you can do this step, that is, clean up the information, list all the materials mentioned in the drawings and BOQ, and write them in different categories, including quantity. Then give the list of materials you have compiled to the material engineer and ask him to go out and make an inquiry. Remember, this place must be tidied up and there can be no mistakes. One month is enough.
5. After the materials are sorted out, it is the construction plan of the whole project. At this time, you don't need to write all the steps in detail, but sort out the general construction sequence and process of this project and predict the construction time of the process. Because you have read the drawings before, this step is very easy. You can ask the chief engineer or project manager and other leaders if you have any questions. It is convenient to recommend Microsoft's Microsoft project for planning.
6. With the overall construction plan, the following plans will be subdivided. This step is also very important, because it directly affects your control of the project schedule in the future. The plans you need to make are: construction plan, technical preparation plan, material plan, equipment plan, personnel use plan, capital use plan and capital recovery plan. Let me explain the functions and contents of these plans separately.
-The planning part.
(1) Construction scheme: Here, you should make adjustments according to your original master plan to make it look more acceptable. In addition, you should refine these things, and it would be best if they can be accurate to the sky (that is, what is the daily work). The order should also be written here. The more detailed it is, the more helpful it will be to the formal construction in the future. But please make reasonable arrangements. What is a reasonable arrangement? You need to arrange how many people and equipment are in a process according to their work efficiency. For example, if a person is responsible for digging a ditch one meter wide and three meters deep, you can't let him dig 100 meters a day. On the contrary, if it is an excavator, you can't arrange for him to dig ten meters a day! Please refer to the relevant manuals about the efficiency of equipment and personnel, which is not the focus of this article. Or we can introduce them later.
(2) Technical preparation plan: With the construction plan, there are more things to do. According to the procedures arranged in the construction plan, determine the completion time of the relevant process plan, and it is best to write which plan accurately on which day. If you don't finish it, work overtime to give yourself a little pressure.
③ Material plan: According to the construction master plan, you can predict what materials are needed for a certain process, such as how much wood, how much stone, how much concrete, how much steel, etc. are needed in a certain month ... Make a list of them, and then let the material engineer purchase according to this plan. Of course, this may not be the final plan, but at least you have a bottom in mind. If we change it later, it will only be a partial change.
(4) Equipment plan: Similarly, refer to the general construction plan and the sub-project construction plan (you know the function of the construction plan, so the more detailed the general construction plan is, the smoother the later work will be), how many forklifts are needed next month, how many excavators are needed to enter the site, when they are expected to leave, etc ... Arranging him well will not only save your cost, but more importantly, save your construction period, and reasonable arrangements will really make it easier.
⑤ Personnel use plan: Although a lot of work can be done by equipment now, each equipment still needs a person to command it, otherwise the equipment driver will not know how to do it. There are still some jobs that the equipment can't complete. At this time, people are also needed to do it, such as concrete pouring. You should arrange your personnel according to the above construction plan, so as not to waste, but not to be less. It also needs to be adjusted according to the construction progress. It will be mentioned later. If you only need three people to meet the requirements of a process, you must never use four or two people, and four will waste resources. If two people are used, the progress will not meet the requirements. Therefore, the personnel use plan is also essential. In particular, it includes not only the use plan of workers, but also the use plan of workers with special types of work, such as welders, carpenters, vibrators, steel workers and so on. Tell yourself when you need to introduce what kind of workers, say hello to the leader in advance, and let the leader arrange. You just need to ask him for important people then, and you must arrange personnel reasonably according to the needs of the process.
⑥ Capital use plan: In fact, with the above plan, the capital use plan will naturally come out. How much do you need for materials, equipment and staff salaries ... Is it easy? You just need to do the preliminary work, and the fund use plan will come out soon. What's the use of the fund plan? This involves the cost. The project department can't give you10 million at once, and you don't need that much. Give the monthly capital plan to the accountant, and he will adjust the capital flow according to your needs. Prepare your own money in advance so that there will be no shortage of funds.
⑦ Capital recovery plan: What is a capital recovery plan? The capital recovery plan is how much the owner should pay you after you finished the project last month! Yes, the more you do, the more money you get back. Please make a forecast according to the construction plan. It is unrealistic to get the money back in March and September. Because you didn't have that much workload in March at all. Please remember! ! ! ! ! This involves a problem of engineering quantity calculation, which I will mention later.
Well, the above are all kinds of master plans (from the commencement date to the completion date), and the following are monthly plans. The reason is the same, but the difference is that all kinds of plans for each month are made at the beginning of each month, and there will be many places that are contrary to the original plan, because at this time, the project has already started. You need to predict and adjust the plan for next month according to the actual progress of the site. At the same time, you should also adjust your master plan.
It is not enough to have a monthly plan. It sounds a bit troublesome to arrange a weekly plan according to this month's master plan, but what is really effective is the weekly plan. The weekly plan is the smallest unit and the most accurate unit. Every weekend, sitting in front of the computer and spending half an hour making these plans will make your work next week handy.
The weekly plan is mainly the construction progress plan, material plan and equipment plan, because these are the basic elements to ensure the progress of your on-site work. It will be easy for you if you arrange it.
With a plan, there will be a report. If the plan is a forecast for next month, then the report is a summary of this month. For a large state-owned enterprise like ours, it is essential to make a statement at the end of each month (preferably completed between 25 and 28). The report is not only for coping, but also for summarizing and checking the completion of this month's plan. Have you finished last month's plan? If it is the best, if not, find out the reason and try to make it up next month. If you overfulfill, your plan is not full enough. You need to adjust it next month to increase its workload. You can't make fewer arrangements next month just because you have finished more this month. The shorter the construction period, the better. If you finish ahead of time, you will be very happy. In fact, saving the construction period means saving money and controlling costs, and the profit of the project will of course be even greater!
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The plan has been arranged, so it's time to make the construction plan and technical disclosure. What is a construction plan? The construction scheme is that the contractor (that is, yourself) tells the consultant or the owner's representative what method you will use to complete your project according to the drawings and technical specifications. You don't have to write in detail, but you must express your meaning clearly. Besides, it is logical. Don't tell them that you have started to lay the third floor before laying the foundation. Those consultants or owners' representatives will be very angry and tear your plan to pieces. Then I'll throw it in your face I'll tell you to get out-don't underestimate the consultant or the owner's representative, they have the right. In fact, what I mean is: don't make them angry, make them believe you, and you have to ask him to sign your bill of quantities for confirmation in the future. Then it has something to do with money!
What about the technical disclosure? Technical disclosure means that you tell workers how to operate a certain process, how do you plan to do a certain process, and how to do the best and fastest thing with the least resources. How the workers do it depends on your technical disclosure. For them, the technical instructions you give them are instructions, how to do each step, how to measure and control the quality, etc ... Some workers may have some opinions on your method. Please listen to their opinions carefully and make an analysis. If you think what he said is reasonable, please don't cram for the last minute, but change your mind. If you think what he said is similar to what you wrote, please stick to your own ideas and always listen to others. This is not a good thing. Aha ... this involves a problem of communication with workers. As long as you know how to respect others and ask for advice modestly, I don't think ordinary old workers will embarrass you. ! !
I'm not asking you to plan and disclose after all the plans are completed. These things should be done at the same time, but you should report the plan to the consultant or the owner's representative in advance. When making a plan, remember to write it according to the time planned in the preliminary technical preparation. It would be nice to be able to do it well in advance. The scheme should include: approximate engineering quantity (the more the better), equipment, methods and means involved, etc. (key). You can write it all at once and submit it for approval (a bit like homework, hehe), or you can "pay in installments"-just write a few programs at a time. In my experience, you'd better pay by installment. The pressure won't be so great, and you don't have to redo it all when you come back. You should give them this plan one month before each program starts, at least half a month at the latest. Because you have to wait for their approval before you can carry out a certain process. Don't write too far. When you make a disclosure, please refer to the plan. If the site construction is too different from the scheme, the consultant will object. He will say, "This is not your plan. You should build according to your plan. .....
-Painting.
Don't expect the design drawings to be perfect, it's impossible. You may need to adjust or modify the design drawings according to the actual situation on site. When modifying drawings, please pay attention to the following items:
① Take saving money as the first goal.
(2) convenient for construction
③ Save materials.
(4) Reduce the construction process, date, equipment and personnel.
⑤ Don't let him feel that it will affect the quality and give the consultant an illusion. You changed it to improve the quality and shorten the construction period. Don't tell him: I did it to save money. They don't care whether you save money or not. Don't make the amount of work smaller and smaller, and the money will be less.
Give him a good reason to agree.
Generally speaking, when you can convince the counselor to approve, you are at least half successful. The next step is to construct according to the drawings. Then ask him for money directly.
-Material things.
Please remember one thing: all engineering materials (that is, permanent materials, such as steel bars/concrete, etc. ) When you enter the site, you need to provide relevant technical documents to the consultant or the owner's representative for approval, and even the qualification documents of the material manufacturer, otherwise the materials you enter the site are useless.
Well, your material manufacturer and your material have been approved. After placing an order, the materials should enter the site. When the goods arrive at the site, you must check the materials provided by the supplier on site, starting with quantity/quality/specification, and then compare them with his delivery note and your LPO (local purchase order) to see if there is any discrepancy. If there is any discrepancy, you can refuse to sign the delivery note and then give him the car. ...
Please note: you must check it yourself and be very careful. Don't think that there will be no problems with suppliers. That's naive Engineering data can't be wrong. Otherwise, when you need to use this material, it will be too late to find that he is wrong.
After the engineering materials enter the site, the consultant will generally require sampling inspection, concrete and other real-time materials will be inspected for each vehicle (several test blocks with specifications of150 *150 *150 are taken from each tank car, and strength tests are usually conducted for 3 days, 7 days and 28 days, and the specifications are determined according to the requirements of the consultant or technical specifications), and steel bars will be sampled.
-Consulting work.
It is undeniable that consultants (or owners' representatives) have unquestionable power in a project. If you don't do well, he can even stop you from working, and the consultant himself will not bear any responsibility. It may be an exaggeration to say that the consultant has the power of life and death in the project, but if you annoy the consultant, it is estimated that you will not have a good life. So I will separate the counselors and say a few words. I hope you can understand what they are doing.
When discussing business, if your English is not good, prepare an interpreter. English is too good to be ignored!
Don't underestimate them. They study specifications, drawings and BOQ every day, and they know quality control very well. Don't expect to fool them. Give up the idea.
(3) When arguing with him, please pay attention to the words, be neither supercilious nor supercilious, and always take technical specifications as the standard. Before seeking their theories, you'd better read the relevant clauses in the technical specifications, which will get twice the result with half the effort. As long as what you say is reasonable, ordinary consultants will not embarrass you, but will respect you all the more, but if you argue irrationally, they will never leave it at that.
(4) When dealing with each other, you can give them some benefits, such as sending a mobile phone or inviting him to dinner, which is no different from the domestic supervisor. But don't ask for conditions when bribing them. You just go with a gesture of deepening your feelings. Make good relations and it will be easy to talk to them in the future. It would be better if he had relatives around. Give them something, not too obvious. ...
The most important one, please respect them!
-Life articles.
In a project, field control is the most important. What are you going to do at the scene? How?
① 24 hours before the start of the new process, you need to give the consultant a "construction notice" (see the document management and circulation section for details), and then when the new process starts, the consultant will come to your construction site to supervise the first construction of your new process to see if it meets his requirements.
(2) You should go to the construction site at least three or four times a day. For those first-time construction processes or very important processes, you need to stay at the scene all the time and give technical guidance. If mistakes or inconsistencies with technical disclosure are found, workers must be stopped from continuing to do so and corrected. If you find a better method than technical disclosure during site construction, then adopt that better method!
(3) Before the process starts, technical disclosure shall be made to the workers in charge of the site, and the workers shall not have any questions. If they have any questions, let him ask, and you should explain them clearly to him. Don't be afraid of patience, because if something happens at that time, the responsibility may be entirely yours, because he just follows your instructions to carry out the construction.
(4) After the work of a certain working procedure is completed, you should personally carry out strict acceptance according to the requirements of technical specifications and drawing sizes, and rectify the parts that do not meet the requirements and find out the reasons. When you are sure that they fully meet the requirements of technical specifications and drawings, you can send an acceptance notice to the consultant for acceptance. (For details, please refer to the document management and distribution section. )
-Document management and circulation.
Document management is a complex and huge project. From the aspect of file management, we can see the management level and control of the project manager and other related managers, the operation and progress of the project, etc. The file management of a project department is even related to whether the project can finally make money and how much money it can earn. In addition, when the project is over, if the owner has any questions about the project or the construction period, the archives at this time are our evidence. Therefore, document management is extremely important. I can only briefly introduce some necessary management processes and necessary documents here. In fact, every successful company has its own set or must have a mature document management system to make the company run normally, and our company has it. But it's too complicated and huge. I will select some important parts to describe it and add my own views.
1. Consulting Company
① Ordinary letters: The main ways to communicate with consultants are "letters", RFA, RFI, etc. Then there is face-to-face communication. Letters are the means for consultants to ask questions or requests on a certain subject and reply to letters sent by consultants to the construction unit. For example, if the consultant sends a letter to the construction unit on a certain day of the month, you should reply immediately and then send a letter. Of course, after you receive the other party's letter, before replying, you can talk to the counselor face to face about the letter and tell the other party your solution. After the consultant verbally agrees with your method, you can go back and write a formal letter asking for approval. And attach relevant drawings or other information. Please keep a copy of the consultant's signature, which is evidence that he received the letter. If it is a fax, please save the fax result. )
(2) Letter of approval: The letter of approval consists of two parts, one is the cover and the other is what you want to report to the consultant for approval. The cover is basically the same, containing some information about the project name and approver. The content of examination and approval can be any content such as the qualification of engineering material suppliers, engineering materials, engineering construction scheme, construction methods and working procedures. In duplicate, signed by the project manager of this project and handed to the consultant. The consultant will sign for one copy and take it back (copy), and the original will be left in the consultant's office. After he approves, he will make another copy of the approved document and hand it over to the construction party (yourself) for the record.
(3) Work notice, RFA, RFI: A work notice is a construction notice, which is sent to the consultant when you are carrying out a certain process for the first time (such as pouring concrete for the first time). He will supervise and inspect the construction process of this process on the spot according to the time you fill in. Request approval/inspection of RFA. That is, the acceptance/inspection notice requires the consultant to accept the process completed for you and settle the account at the end of the month. If there is no RFA or consultant's approval, your job is equivalent to nothing, and RFI is to ask for information. That is, when you encounter a situation that deviates from the original data during the project construction, it will be sent to the consultant (such as rocks, cables, water pipes and other unexpected situations that are not mentioned in the original data). After receiving the RFI, the consultant will investigate the original data and the actual situation on site. If RFI is true, they will usually tell you how to deal with this unexpected situation in the form of letters. You can carry out the construction according to the requirements of the consultant, and give the extra workload to the consultant for acceptance in the form of RFA. These are all requirements for consultants to come to the site for supervision, inspection and acceptance. Such letters are generally required to be handed over to them more than 24 hours before the time you require, so that the consultant has time to arrange relevant personnel to come to the site on time for processing. Except RFA, all the above documents are submitted in duplicate. After the submitter (not the project manager) signs it, submit it to the consultant. After the consultant signs, we will take the copy back for filing. If the consultant didn't go to the scene at that time, we can go to the consultant for theory with a copy signed by the consultant. RFA is special, in quadruplicate, designed by the contractor (the construction unit) before the project starts, and then specially printed (different consultants may have different requirements and formats, but it is nothing more than RFA number, date and time of submission, parts to be accepted, date and time of acceptance, calculation of engineering quantity, signature and consent column, etc. ). The printed blank RFA is carbon paper type, that is, four pages are filed and kept by different personnel; Generally divided into four colors: white, green, red and blue. Fill in the white pages, leave them in blue for future reference, and give the other three copies to the consultant. After the consultant signs for it, he will give the red color to the business department. After the acceptance, the green that the consultant agreed (or rejected) will be handed over to the business department, and the account will be settled at the end of the month. You can fill in the column of engineering quantity calculation of RFA first (you need to bring the calculation formula and sketch) or wait until the consultant completes the acceptance (it is very important to reflect the engineering quantity on RFA, otherwise you won't get the money).
2. Inside the Project Department
① Receiving: The Project Department will receive all kinds of letters: letters from consulting companies, letters from companies, letters from other subordinate subcontractors or engineering material suppliers. How to deal with these letters? First, the project manager must read it, and then make arrangements through the contents of the letter. If it is a document issued by the company, each manager of the project department is required to circulate it and sign it. If it is the requirement of this project, the project manager should arrange specific personnel to deal with the problems mentioned in the letter and finally file them. If necessary, the viewer can keep a copy of the circulation process, but the original must be placed in a folder of relevant categories for future reference. Note that the problems that need to be solved must be followed up, or the project manager will personally chair a meeting to discuss the solutions, and then reply to each other after the solutions are available, or clarify, solve or question. In a word, you must write back.
② Sending: The project department usually sends various letters to the internal management documents of the project department, to the consultants, to the company, to the subordinate subcontractors or material suppliers as required. The letter to be sent should be drafted by the person in charge of the letter, submitted to the project manager for review, revised and finalized after proposing amendments, signed by the project manager, and then submitted to the Ministry of Commerce for translation. The project manager will review the translated letter and sign it before sending it. If some letters need to be attached with drawings or other attachments, they should be submitted to the project manager for review before the final draft. Any letter sent should have a copy for future reference, and the fax should have a fax feedback record, which should be filed with the letter for future reference. There can be no mistakes in this process, and no steps can be skipped. If the project manager is absent, it shall be signed by the deputy manager or production manager for confirmation.
(3) Meeting Minutes: All formal meetings with consultants should have meeting minutes, which are generally given by consultants, and there will be "meeting minutes" before the meeting, that is, the content and time of the meeting. 24 hours before the meeting, the consultant will hand it over to the construction unit, and the project manager of the construction unit will arrange the work according to the time and discuss the contents of the meeting minutes in advance, and at the same time, add the issues that the construction unit needs to discuss. Discuss with the consultant at the beginning of the meeting. The contents of the meeting should be recorded and sorted by the consultant, and a copy should be sent to the construction unit for reference within two to three days after the meeting. If no consultant is sent, the construction unit has the right to ask the consultant for it.