[Edit this paragraph] Meaning
Explain that you should be flexible and do things according to the actual situation; Don't be superstitious about dogma; You won't succeed regardless of objective reality!
[Edit this paragraph] Click Theory
It satirizes those who are stubborn, dogmatic and rigid and do not know how to take flexible countermeasures according to objective reality.
[Edit this paragraph] Source
Han Fei in the Warring States Period, Han Fei's "Han Fei Zi Wai Chu" said "Left": "Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure them, let them sit in the city, but forget to do what they have done, so they say' forget to hold them'. If you take it back, if you violate it, the market will stop, so you can't perform. "Everything is done wrong (about 280-233 BC) is done wrong. China was a thinker and politician at the end of the Warring States Period. He was a student of Xun Qing, a famous thinker at that time. Han Fei inherited and developed Xunzi's legalism, absorbed his previous legalism and became a master of legalism. In the fourteenth year of Qin Shihuang (233 BC), he was killed by Li Si. His works were later called Everything is done wrong, and there are 55 existing works. He opposes the hierarchical system centered on bloodline, and advocates the equality of "nobility", "popularity" and "self-protection"; Oppose "cronyism" and advocate "meritocracy"; Oppose Confucian "rule by courtesy" and advocate "rule by law"; At the same time, it also puts forward that "technique" (the means by which the monarch controls his subjects) and "potential" (the power of the monarch) are the supplements to "law".
[Edit this paragraph] Example
(1) You must never learn "Honest People Buy Shoes". Otherwise, it will make a joke!
(2) The book Buying Shoes in Zheng Ren left us with a profound education.
(3) This story tells us that this kind of personality is not desirable. People should not be too pedantic and learn to be flexible.
[Edit this paragraph] Usage
Subject-predicate sentence pattern
Used as an attribute or adverbial
It is a derogatory idiom.
[Edit this paragraph] Synonym
Rigid dogma (mechanical reproduction) carving small skills, sticking to the rules.
[Edit this paragraph] antonym
Play it by ear and improvise.
[Edit this paragraph] riddle
Henan people buy shoes-Zheng people buy shoes.
[Edit this paragraph] Allusions
This classical Chinese is an allegory.
[Edit this paragraph] Text version
If A Zheng people have shoes, he should stand first. Go to town and forget to fuck it. Having fulfilled his promise, he said, "I forgot to insist." Instead, it is. The anti-urban strike cannot be realized. People say, "Why not try?" Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident."
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
There is a man from A Zheng who wants to buy shoes. He first measured his feet at home and put them on the seat. When I went to the market, I forgot to measure. He has got the shoes and said, "I forgot my size." Go home and take your measurements. By the time he came back, the market had already dispersed, and he didn't buy shoes at last. Someone asked him, "Why don't you try on the size of your shoes with your own feet?" He replied, "I would rather believe in size than my own feet!" " "
[Edit this paragraph] Note
Zheng, the name of a small country in the Spring and Autumn Period, was in Xinzheng County, Henan Province.
Footwear-silver road, leather shoes, all shoes.
Duó, thinking, is used here as a verb, that is, to calculate and measure. Quantity length
Degree tone (dù), used as a noun, is a ruler.
One-synonymous with classical Chinese, here refers to the measured size.
Sit-like "chair" (generic term), it is a chair, which refers to furniture such as chairs and stools.
Fuck.-Take it, take it.
Anti, like "return" (a common word), means return.
Just-just, the end, here refers to the market has been dissolved.
Nihility-nothingness, nothing, here is the meaning of can't, can't.
And-going, going.
Set release
[Edit this paragraph] Comments
This Zheng Guoren made a dogmatic mistake. He only believes in the size of his feet, not his own, and not only makes a big joke, but also can't buy shoes. In real life, buying shoes only depends on the size of the feet, not the feet. It may not happen. But there are such people. Some people, speaking, doing things and thinking, only start from books, not from reality; He believes what is written in the notebook, but he doesn't believe what is not written in the notebook but actually exists. In this kind of person's view, only what is recorded in the notebook is the truth, and what is not recorded is not the truth. In this way, of course, thinking will be rigid and action will hit a wall.
[Edit this paragraph] vernacular allusions
In ancient times, a man in Zheng wanted to buy a pair of shoes, so he measured his feet at home. He went to the shoe shop in the market and took a good look at a pair of shoes. When he was about to buy them, he suddenly found that he had forgotten to take a good size at home, so he said that he had forgotten to take a size, went home and bought another pair, and went back. The person next to him asked him, why not just try on the size and make it according to the original size? "I'd rather believe that my size is right, but my feet are not necessarily accurate." Later, people used "honest people buy shoes" to describe and laugh at those who engage in dogmatism regardless of objective reality.
[Edit this paragraph] Central idea
"Zheng People Buy Shoes" tells the story of Zheng Yi who plans to buy shoes. He measured his feet at home first, but he forgot to bring them when he got to the market. When he ran home to get the measurements, the market had already dispersed. Someone asked him why he didn't try it with his feet. He replied that he would rather believe in size than his own feet. This story satirizes those who only believe in dogma and do not pay attention to objective reality.
[Edit this paragraph] Question? Zheng people buy shoes. Whose man is Zheng?
■ Zheng people buy shoes and laugh at Zheng people's classics.
The story of Zheng people buying shoes comes from Han Feizi, which tells the story of Zheng people buying shoes. When they arrive at the market, they forget to measure their shoes in advance and go home to get them. When they came back, the market had already broken up and they didn't buy any shoes. When someone asked him why he didn't try it on with his feet, he said, "I'd rather be reliable than confident."
This story is pure fiction. Han Feizi used fables to reason, but why did he have a hard time with Zheng people (now Henan)? He can say, "Once upon a time, there was a man who wanted to buy shoes", so the nationality of this fool need not be pointed out. Han Feizi is by no means an idle generation. He said helplessly here that "the upright man" must have his reasons. I think if everything is done by Zheng Ren, then either "Zheng Ren" is the best object of ridicule at that time, and Zheng Ren is synonymous with fools, or he and Zheng Ren have personal grievances.
■ Zheng people avoid heat, why is stupid called Zheng?
This story comes from Fu Zi and also appears in middle school textbooks. Pick up a piece of vernacular from the Internet:
There is a man in Zheng lying under a big tree to enjoy the cool. The sun is running, the shadow is moving, and he is constantly moving the mat to avoid being basked in by the sun. At night, the moon rises in the east and moves slowly to the west, and the shadows of trees move slowly with it. As in the daytime, the man Zheng kept moving the mat and lying in the shade of the tree. As a result, all his clothes were wet with dew.
Fu Lang, the author of Fu Zi, is from the pre-Qin period, but most of his books are pre-Qin stories. In this story, another unfortunate Zheng Nan became the object of ridicule. It doesn't look like what's wrong with Han Feizi and Zheng Man, but more like Zheng Tian was born with some problems.
■ Zheng people love fish, and Zheng people become symbols.
Zheng people love to eat fish, which comes from a fable of Song Lian, a beginner in Ming Dynasty. In the vernacular, a man in Zheng loves to eat fish. He put three pots in the hall and filled them with water. When he has fish, he will raise them. The fish just came out of the hardship of the net and was very tired. He surfaced to catch his breath. After a day, the fin tail began to sway. Zheng Ren held it out and looked at it. "Does the scale hurt?" Not long after, I was fed rice flour and wheat bran, and then I held it out and looked at it, saying, "Doesn't the weight hurt?" Some people say: "Fish lives on the river, staying in a spoonful of water like this, and meeting someone who plays with it every day, saying,' I love fish, I love fish'. Fish does not rot! " Zheng people don't listen. After three days, all the fish died, and Zheng Renzhe regretted it.
This fable comes from the Ming Dynasty. Judging from his life, Song Lian has no prejudice against Henan people. The reason why Zheng characters are used in fables is the need of literary creation. In other words, in his mind, Zheng Ren is an allegorical character, just like a fox represents cunning, a lion represents cruelty, and Zheng Ren certainly represents stupidity.
■ Why provoke Zheng Ren?
Why did Zheng people become the object of ridicule in many ancient jokes? Aside from the fact that people in the late period of Zheng love fish, the first two stories have one thing in common, that is, they all criticize people with rigid thoughts. Buying shoes is a shoe size, and summer vacation is a rigid experience of Zheng people during the day and night. Look at other jokes about "honest man" in Everything is done wrong;
Buy bamboo slips and return pearls: Some Chu people sell their pearls to Zheng, which are Mulan's cabinets, decorated with cinnamon peppers, pearls and jade, decorated with roses, and decorated with feathers and breastplates. Zheng Guoren bought the jewelry box and returned the pearls. The criticism is that Zheng people stick to form and ignore reality.
[Edit this paragraph] The teacher's lesson plan
One. Requirements for teaching purposes:
Basic knowledge: learn the new words in this lesson. Read the text correctly and fluently. Recite the text.
Basic skills: be able to understand the text with the help of notes, and initially understand the truth of the text.
Ideological education: educate students not to be too formal, but to pay attention to reality.
Two. The focus of teaching:
Stimulate students' interest in learning classical Chinese and guide them to read and recite.
Three. Teaching difficulties:
Besides continuing to understand the differences between ancient and modern meanings and expressions, it is difficult to understand the meaning of every fable and express it in your own words.
Four. Teaching time:
One class hour
Five. Teaching preparation:
Computer courseware
Six. Teaching process:
Seven. Pre-class activities:
Recite ancient poems, words and classical Chinese. Play a North-South game and explain the rules.
First, the introduction of new courses.
1. We learned two pieces of classical Chinese last term. Do you remember what they are?
("Learning Chess" and "Two Sons Distinguishing the Day")
What have you gained from studying these two classical Chinese?
Summary: As the students said, it not only tells us a profound truth; But also let people appreciate the implication and humor.
2. Today, we are going to learn another classic story of China-the fable short story "Zheng Man Selling Shoes".
Synchronous reading theme
Second, understand the text
(A) accurate reading of the text, overall perception
1。 The students previewed the text. Let's read it again. Read the pronunciation correctly and mark the uncertain ones.
Writing on the blackboard: reading correctly
2。 Students can read freely.
Pay attention to the pronunciation of those words you are not sure about. What's the difference between what he read and what you read?
Read the correct pronunciation of the name (I'm wú nìng, Nü ng, duó, dú)
Read it again by name.
Tip: There is a word that appears three times and has two pronunciations. Do you know what this is? (degree duó- measuring length; D-size) why? (I don't know, leave it to understand. )
There are two interchangeable words in this article. Do you know what they are? ("Sit" is the same as "seat"); "Anti" and "return" are the same. )
Read the text together
(2) Read the text again and understand.
1 transition: It seems that the students have been able to read the text correctly and fluently. Let's read the text carefully. Let's think about what good ways to read this short story in classical Chinese.
Writing on the blackboard: reading
According to the students' answers, write on the blackboard:
1) combined with comments;
2) apply what you have learned;
3) Read aloud repeatedly;
4) Contact the full text;
2。 The following students will use these methods to teach themselves, mark the difficulties, and then communicate with each other in groups to solve them.
(1) Students teach themselves.
(2) Group communication
3 。 Bring up the controversial points in your group and let our class study them together.
Requirements: When he stands up to speak, students should listen carefully. If you have opinions and ideas, you can immediately come forward and add them, or even talk about your different views.
Which group solved the problem while understanding it?
Show sentences with students' answers and concentrate on learning.
Possible problems:
(1) Why not give it a try? Why not try on shoes with your own feet? )
(2) Zheng people with shoes should sit on their feet when they get to the city and forget to do it.
Zheng has a man who wants to sell a pair of shoes. He measured his feet first, and then put them on the seat. When he went to the market, he forgot to take the measured size. )
(3) I fulfilled my promise, but I said, "I forgot my perseverance." Instead, it is. On the contrary, the city, hence (Su) shall not be fulfilled. He picked up his shoes and said, "I forgot to measure them." So, I ran back to get the bottom sample. By the time he came back, the market had already dispersed and shoes had been bought. )
(4) Yue: "Ning is reliable and not confident."
He said, "I would rather trust my own size than my own feet." )
In the process of resolving disputes, students are guided to sum up and learn by using learning methods through the collision of thinking.
(After the dispute is settled)
4 。 Did you solve the problem of homophones by reading just now?
Summary: It seems that deep reading can solve the problem!
5 。 Which group is willing to tell this story, and the other groups should listen carefully to see if they understand it differently from you?
(1) is different. say it out
2 the same. would you please say that again.
Step 6 learn to be reasonable
(1) In the end, Zheng Guoren didn't buy shoes either. Why didn't they? What else do you want to say?
Don't be too formal in doing things, but be practical. )
(2) When reading this article, the teacher has been thinking about a problem. He didn't buy shoes when he came back. Some people say that if this person had told him earlier, he would not have bought shoes.
Inspire students to think again and discuss again.
Summary: It can be seen that this person is really "stubborn" and others will not listen. It seems that a few words in classical Chinese can explain a profound truth, which is really a "writing on the blackboard"
[Edit this paragraph] Idiom
The definition of idioms is a fixed phrase formed by long-term use and tempering in language. It is a language unit larger than a word, and its grammatical function is equivalent to a word. Idioms are mostly composed of four words.
Features: ① The structure is relatively stereotyped. (2) the integrity of meaning. ③ Habituality of time and space. ④ Historicity of formation. ⑤ Nationality of content and form.
Source: ① Historical stories. 2 fables. (3) Myths or other legends. 4 classic literary works.
Idioms are fixed phrases or sentences expressing general concepts, which are mostly composed of four words. For example, "castles in the air", "famous", "according to you", "colorful" and "happy" are all four-character idioms. Idioms with less than four words, such as "knocking at the door", "unwarranted" and "taking for granted", and idioms with more than four words, such as "peaches and plums are all over the world", "real gold is not afraid of fire", "a leopard cannot change his spots" and "only state officials are allowed to set fires, but people are not allowed to light them", account for an absolute minority.
But "Zheng people buy shoes" has certain allusions and implications. According to the definition of the above idioms, it can be determined that "Zheng people buy shoes" is an idiom.