I am also terrible at writing,

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Writing techniques

Writing techniques belong to artistic expression techniques (i.e. artistic techniques and expression techniques, including expression techniques (techniques)). Common ones include: exaggeration, contrast, metaphor, and personification. , suspense, anaphora, association, imagination, combination of circumlocution, combination of points and surfaces, combination of movement and stillness, combination of narrative and argument, blending of scenes, contrast, foreshadowing, narration, line drawing, foreshadowing suspense, combination of front and side, metaphor and symbol , borrowing from the past to satirize the present, expressing ambitions through chapters, connecting the past and the following, getting straight to the point, contrasting, exaggerating, contrasting movement and stillness, complementing the virtual and the real, real writing and virtual writing, supporting the meaning of things, chanting things and expressing emotions, etc.

The expression methods are common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it is also an artistic expression technique).

1. First-person narrative method

Characteristics

Since the content of the article is conveyed to the reader through "I", it means that everything written in the article is a narrative What people see and hear with their own eyes, or the narrator's personal experience, gives readers a cordial and real feeling. Using the first person, since the narrator is the person involved, the people and things narrated can only be those within the scope of "my" activities. People and things outside the scope of activities cannot be written in.

2. Third-person narrative method

Characteristics

Using third-person narrative method, the narrator is not limited by space or time, nor is he physically or psychologically bound. Without restrictions, the people and things in the article can be directly displayed in front of readers, and it can reflect social life freely and flexibly. But third-person narratives are often not as intimate and natural as first-person narratives.

3. Sequential narration

Characteristics

Sequential narration is to narrate things in chronological order, which is consistent with the actual occurrence and development of things. Therefore, it is easy to write the article clearly and clearly. When using narration, pay attention to proper tailoring and focused emphasis. Otherwise, it is easy to list and make a straightforward statement, like a running account, which makes reading boring.

4. Flashback method

Characteristic flashback is not to narrate the entire event in reverse, but to narrate it in sequence except for moving certain parts forward. There are generally three situations in which flashbacks are used: first, in order to express the central idea of ??the article, the part that best expresses the central idea is brought to the front and highlighted; second, in order to make the structure of the article rich in changes and avoid straightforward narration; third, in order to express the central idea. The need for effect makes the article twists and turns, creating suspense and fascinating. When flashbacks, the starting point should be clearly stated. There must be clear boundaries between flashbacks and forward narrations, as well as necessary text transitions to achieve a natural connection. Be especially careful not to turn it over and over aimlessly, making the article unclear.

5. Narrative method

Characteristics

Narrative is to express the central need of the article. Sometimes it is to help readers understand the plot of the story; sometimes it is to annotate and explain the plot of the characters. The use of narration must comply with the need to express the central idea, and must not add extraneous details or overwhelm the main idea. When inserting narrative, we should also pay attention to the transition, reference and connection of the article, and there should be no traces of breaks.

6. Supplementary narration method

Characteristics

Supplementary narration is mainly used to supplement the above narrative. It is generally fragmentary and brief, and does not have For complete events, you can also put the explanation or explanation text in front to trigger the following. The role of supplementary narration generally does not develop plots or events, but only enriches and supplements the original narrative.

7. Sub-narrative method

Characteristics

The function of sub-narrative is to write things that are complicated and complicated in a clear and orderly manner. Sub-narration can be done by describing one thing first and then another, or several things can be narrated overlappingly.

When using divided narration, the narrative clues should be established based on the content of the article and the need to express the central idea, and the time when each event occurs and develops should be clearly explained.

8. Detailed narrative method

Characteristics

Detailed narrative is generally used to describe the development and change process of each event in detail. When describing in detail, you should grasp the characteristics of the characters or the details of the events and describe them in detail and detail. When composing, the parts closely related to the central idea should be described in detail. Things that have little to do with the central idea but need to be explained should be mentioned in a few strokes, so that the center of the article can be highlighted. Otherwise, the article will appear uncentered or multi-centered, which will appear cumbersome.

9. Brief narration

Characteristics

The function of brief narration is to explain the content that is indispensable in the occurrence and development of the event but does not need to be described in detail. It is combined with detailed narration, so that the entire narrative is detailed and brief, alternating between dense and dense, forming the ups and downs of the narrative. Summary is generally used at the beginning and end of the article; the part that is generally related to the central idea; the part that is well-known.

10. Direct expression method

Characteristics

Direct expression can express feelings simply and truly, shocking people's hearts. Direct lyricism is generally suitable for expressing strong and tense emotions. The characteristics of direct lyricism are strong emotions during narration, fast and tense rhythm, direct emotions and easy grasp.

11. Indirect lyrical method

Characteristics

The characteristics of indirect lyrical expression are that it is implicit and tactful, full of charm and strong appeal. Indirect lyricism can generally be expressed through narration, in which the author adds his own subjective emotional color and narrates according to the flow of emotions, so that readers can feel the author's thoughts and feelings during the narrative process; it can also be expressed through discussion, in which the author writes, To express strong feelings of love, hate, praise and criticism, the discussion in this kind of narrative is usually carried out by judgment; it can also be expressed through description, and the author infiltrates his own emotions in the process of description. Use indirect lyrical methods to make the language beautiful and emotional.

12. Narrate first and then discuss the method

Characteristics

Speak first and then discuss is to narrate first and then discuss. Therefore, the discussion should start with summarizing the above and highlighting the center. role. When discussing, you should discuss the main content of the event, the main characters of the event, or the main things. Only in this way can narrative and discussion be unified. The method of discussion can be through the language and psychological activities of the characters in the article, or it can be discussed as a third party.

13. Discuss first and then describe.

Characteristics

Adopt the method of discussion first and then narrate, first put forward the key points and center of the narrative straight to the point, and use this to unify The full text makes the meaning of the events recorded in the full text appear clear after discussion. When narrating, you should write based on the center of the discussion and focus on the key points.

14. Narrative and discussion method

Characteristics

The characteristic of narrative and argumentation is that narrative and discussion are interspersed. The writing method is flexible and changeable, and the author can Express your thoughts freely. When writing by combining narratives and arguments, attention should be paid to the coherence of the narrative, and the insertion of arguments should be natural.

15. Using objects as clues

Characteristics

In the process of narrative, let a certain object appear repeatedly at various stages of the event, and through various means to strengthen its image. Such objects often play a transitional role or symbolize and point out the central idea.

16. Using human clues

Characteristics

When using human clues to narrate, we must pay attention to the unity of characters in different times and environments, and also pay attention to the age characteristics of the characters. , appearance, movements, local and national characteristics, living habits and other aspects of unity. Otherwise, confusion may easily result.

17. Use changes in thoughts as clues

Characteristics

In this writing method, the main line of thought development should be clear. The various stages of thought change must be natural and the contrast must be clear.

18. Use the central event as a clue

Characteristics

The main events are prominently described, the secondary events are clearly explained, the primary and secondary combinations are reasonable, and the narrative is orderly. With this way of writing, no matter how complicated the event is, it can be complicated but not chaotic.

19. Sketching

Characteristics

Learning to draw should start with sketching and sketching; learning calligraphy should start with practicing drawing red lines; learning shapes You also need to start with sketching. When we compose, if we can describe the objects we see in words, and readers will see the objects as they read the article, then our composition will have a solid foundation. When describing objects from life, pay attention to the order of description, either from top to bottom, or from bottom to top, or from left to right, or from right to left, or from the middle first and then both sides, or from both sides first and then the middle, or first the whole The latter part, or the part first and then the whole. Secondly, we should pay attention to the detailed description to leave a deep impression on the readers.

20. Rotation method

Characteristics

Using the rotation method to describe objects must be in a certain order and cannot be reversed. Secondly, we must accurately use directional words such as front, back, bottom, top, left, right, etc. When changing the direction of an object, we must use directional words to indicate it. In addition, it should be detailed and brief. The aspect that can reflect the characteristics of the item should be described in detail, and the other aspects should be briefly explained. Do not cover everything and use even strength.

21. Bamboo shoot peeling method

Characteristics

The structure of some items is relatively complex and cannot be described clearly by just using the rotation method. If the characteristics cannot be grasped, we must Describe the structure of the object in order from outside to inside or from inside to outside. This requires the use of transitional words to clearly explain which level you enter. In addition, the structure of the object should be introduced with emphasis.

22. Anthropomorphism

Characteristics

When comparing animals to humans, attention should be paid to finding similarities between the characteristics of animals and humans, and detailed descriptions. To compare animals to humans, we must first compare them to humans as a whole, and then find local similarities. In this way, we can have a sense of the whole after reading it. If you only focus on partial comparisons, it will easily appear nondescript and difficult for readers to imagine. Comparing animals to humans is also used to describe animal movements. This is mainly for the purpose of imagining the actions of animals according to the psychological activities of the characters.

23. Dynamic method

Characteristics

Imagining the dynamics of objects should be combined with static descriptions, so that they can complement each other. The article shifts from descriptive static to imagined dynamic or from dynamic to imagined static. The description must be clearly explained, otherwise it will be unclear which part is seen and which part is thought. The dynamics of the object imagined in the article must conform to the characteristics of the object and make it credible for people to read.

24. Description method

Characteristics

When using the description method to describe an object, you must first truly explain its characteristics, and secondly, focus on the key points to explain. For example, when describing each part of an object, some parts can explain its texture; some parts can explain its characteristics; and some parts can explain its function. In addition, when explaining the history, characteristics or uses of the object, you should focus on the center of the full text and avoid going too far.

25. Use the "Five Senses" method

Characteristics

The eyes can see the color and shape of objects; the ears can hear various sounds; the nose It can smell the fragrance, odor, fishiness, and smell; the tongue can know the bitterness, spicyness, sourness, sweetness, saltiness, blandness, and astringency of objects; the skin can sense the softness, hardness, coldness, and heat of objects. When we describe objects, we can describe the characteristics of the objects through the feelings of various sense organs. When using the "Five Senses" method to describe objects, attention should be paid to writing around the most important characteristics of the objects, and avoid being fragmented. In addition, pay attention to describing in a certain order.

26. Expression by borrowing objects

Characteristics

Expression by borrowing objects requires us to put our emotions in our love and hate of things when describing objects. The image of objects implicitly expresses one's feelings. The key to using borrowed objects to express emotions is to identify the characteristics of the object that resonate with your own feelings, so that the objects and feelings can be unified and the feelings can be supported.

27. Characteristics of the method of expressing one’s ambitions by mentioning objects

The characteristic of articles written using the method of expressing one’s ambitions by mentioning objects is that a certain object is used to compare or symbolize something. A kind of spirit, character, thought, emotion, etc. To write such an article well, you must grasp the inner connection between "objects" and "ambitions", and "objects" and "emotions".

The first is that the main characteristics of the object must have some similarities and similarities with your own ambitions and wishes. Secondly, when describing, your ambition should be based on the characteristics of the object. Objects should be able to express one's wishes. The most commonly used writing methods to express one's ambitions include metaphors, personification, symbols, etc.

28. Object self-description method

Characteristics

The object self-description method uses the first person to describe the object, so the object must have human characteristics. When describing in detail, attention should be paid to accurately grasping the characteristics of the object, so that the personified object not only embodies the characteristics of the person, but does not lose the true nature of the object. With human characteristics, the objects appear vivid and attract the reader's interest, and can clearly express the author's thoughts and feelings. The essential characteristics of the preserved object are preserved, and the description of the object is true and natural.

29. View from afar and up close

Features

Buildings can be viewed from a distance or up close. Looking at the building from a distance, you can get the overall impression of the building and see the overall outline of the building. However, it is impossible to see clearly the specific conditions of each part from a distance, but there is a lack of an overall sense of the position of the building in space, and it often feels like one leaf is blocking the view. When we describe a building, we combine the results of distant and close views so that readers can have a detailed understanding of the whole and each part of the building and obtain a complete impression.

30. Combination of inside and outside method

Characteristics

When looking at a building from the outside, we mainly understand the outline of the building so that readers can have a complete impression of the building. . Looking at a building from the inside is mainly about understanding the structure of the building, so a detailed introduction is required. When observing a building from the outside, focus on describing it as a whole, and avoid writing in fragments. It is necessary to observe the building carefully from the inside, so it is necessary to introduce it in order of orientation, so that it can be organized clearly and the readers can understand it clearly. When describing buildings using a combination of internal and external methods, attention should be paid to the use of metaphors, personification and other rhetorical techniques.

31. Step-by-step method of changing form

Characteristics

Using the step-by-step method to describe buildings can constantly change the foothold and observation point. Observe and describe the building from various aspects. The same building, viewed from different angles, will give different impressions. Therefore, when using the step-by-step method to describe a building, you must first clearly explain the observation point and footing point, so that readers can understand from which angle the building image you are describing is seen. Otherwise, it is easy to confuse readers. Secondly, when using the step-by-step method to describe a building, you must grasp the main features of the building. If you use a comprehensive approach to describe, the article will easily become a running account.

32. Explanation and introduction method

Characteristics

When using the explanatory and introduction method to describe a building, you must first pay attention to the necessary explanation and introduction based on the determined center of the article. , be careful not to ramble without meaning. In the process of explanation and introduction, be concise and to the point, and avoid being muddled. When using the descriptive introduction method to describe a building, you must also pay attention to the overall coherence. That is to say, after the explanation is completed, the article should return to describing the building and connect it with the previous article. There should be transition words or sentences when the article moves from the description of the building to the introduction and explanation, or from the introduction and explanation back to the description of the building.

33. Environmental setting method

Characteristics

It is surrounded by green, and a little red in the middle is particularly bright and eye-catching, so it is said that "a little red among all the green" ". With an appropriate description of the scenery surrounding the building, the building stands out. The purpose of describing the scenery around a building is to highlight the building. Therefore, when describing the scenery, it should be able to set off the characteristics of the building. Do not leave the building and take a close-up of the scenery. Cause the guest to take over the host. When describing the scenery around a building, the observation points and footholds should be clearly explained so that readers can understand the location of the building.

34. Color pen painting method

Characteristics

Plants are always composed of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. When using the colored pen drawing method, you should write down the main characteristics of each part of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, as well as their shapes and colors. When describing plants in this way, you need to observe them carefully.

To distinguish the color of each part of the plant, if it is the same red, you need to distinguish whether it is fiery red or pink; if it is also yellow, you need to distinguish whether it is orange or golden; if it is also green, you need to distinguish whether it is turquoise. , still green... You must carefully distinguish the shape and characteristics of each part. It is the same flower, and the flower bones are different from the blooming flowers. The careful observation and specific description make the reader feel as if they are seeing a color photo of a plant. When using this method to describe plants, you must also use appropriate metaphors and write your own emotions.

35. Combined distance and near method

Characteristics

The same plant looks different from a distance and up close. This is the same as taking pictures. If you put it in front of the camera and away from the camera, the size of the photos taken will be different. Using a combination of far and near methods to describe plants can reflect the shape and color characteristics of plants from different angles, giving readers a perfect impression. When describing plants using this method, the observation point must be clearly explained, that is, whether it is seen from a distance or close up. Secondly, we should pay attention to the order of narrative, either from far to near, or from near to far, so that the article can be coherent.

36. Time series transformation method

Features

The shape and color of each part of the plant changes with the seasons. If we write down the characteristics of plants in different seasons and explain clearly the related situations before and after, it is equivalent to taking color photos of plants at different times. After looking at this set of color photos, readers will have a more comprehensive understanding of it. When using the time series transformation method to describe plants, you must first pay attention to accumulating data in daily life. It is necessary to carefully observe the same plant in different seasons in a planned way and keep an observation diary. In this way, you can make choices about the accumulated materials when writing and write a good article. Secondly, we should pay attention to the continuity of observation.

37. Growth change method

Characteristics

Plants always have to grow, usually through stages such as germination, branching, leaf growth, flowering, and fruiting. If you record the shape, color characteristics and growth conditions of the plant at different stages of growth, it is like making a short movie of the plant. Readers can understand the entire process of plant growth through reading in a very short period of time. When using the growth and change method to describe plants, first of all, we should pay attention to writing down the most prominent changes in the growth process of the plants; secondly, we should explain the reasons, circumstances and processes of the changes in the plants; in addition, we should pay attention to writing them down in an orderly manner in chronological order.

38. Expand the association method

Characteristics

When we see a plant, we often associate it with other things, which are often related to the plant. *The same thing. For example, when we see cotton bolls, we think of white snowflakes, because snowflakes and cotton have the same color; when we see big watermelons, we think of basketballs, because the shapes of watermelons and basketballs are similar; when we see ice in the snow The lush pine trees remind me of those heroes who are not afraid of torture and never bend their knees in front of the enemy. That is the similarity between the qualities of pine trees and heroes. When using an associative method to describe plants, attention should be paid to grasping the main characteristics of the plants and developing rich imagination. To improve your associative ability, you must first read carefully, understand life, and reserve a wealth of knowledge in your mind. Secondly, think hard and train frequently to make yourself rich in imagination.

39. Focus method

Characteristics

Plants are always composed of roots, stems, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. When we describe plants, we can describe all parts of the plant including roots, stems, branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits, or we can describe only a certain part of the plant. When using the highlighted method to describe a plant, you must first find out what makes the plant unique. Secondly, we should give a detailed description of the part that best reflects the characteristics of the plant in terms of color, shape, smell, etc. In addition, methods such as personification and metaphor can also be used appropriately.

40. Contrast and comparison method

Characteristics

As the saying goes: "If you don't see the mountains, you don't know the level." The characteristics of things are often revealed in comparisons. When we describe plants, we often highlight their characteristics through comparison. There are two methods of comparison.

One is to compare this plant with another plant; the other is to compare two completely different characteristics of the plant itself. When using the comparative method, attention should be paid to grasping the most significant characteristics of the plant to be described and comparing it with other plants. Only in this way can it give readers a deep impression and inspiration. When using the comparative method, attention should also be paid to expressing the author's own thoughts, feelings and tendencies. This will make the article touching. When comparing different parts of the same plant, be careful to find out the contradictions so as to attract the reader's attention.

41. Praise and Praise Method

Characteristics

Various plants have their own characteristics, such as green pines that are not afraid of severe cold, willows that grow everywhere, and lotus that grow out of mud. It is not stained, the fragrance of osmanthus spreads ten miles away, and its fragrance remains in the world. The wild grass has tenacious vitality... These characteristics of plants often remind us of the principles of life. For example, when we see a lotus growing out of the mud but not stained, we can think of the need to fight against unhealthy tendencies; when we see weeds showing tenacious vitality, we can think of how to be a human being and not be afraid of difficulties or setbacks... Praising and praising the Dharma is to praise the plants. Celebrating these characteristics. When using the praise method, you must first give a detailed description of the characteristics of plants that can be associated with how to be a human being, and use this throughout the entire text, so that the center of the article can be highlighted. Secondly, you should express your feelings of praise in the article, and write your own emotions in describing the plants, so that you can be touching. In addition, we should also pay attention to the echo from beginning to end and highlight the praise.

42. Static sketching method

Characteristics

The appearance of animals includes body, coat color, head, limbs, eyes, ears, tail, etc. Different animals have different body parts. For example, a bird has only two legs but a pair of wings; a fish has no legs but no scales and fins. The static sketch method is to write out the shape and color characteristics of each part of the animal when it is static. To use this method to describe animals, you must first observe carefully and distinguish the differences in the colors of various parts of the animal. Secondly, we need to find out the characteristics of the shape of each part. Also, use appropriate metaphors. In this way, readers can feel as if they are seeing a sketch of an animal.

43. Total score combination method

Characteristics

When using the total score combination method to describe animals, attention should be paid to the relationship between the general description and the sub-descriptions. The sub-description should closely focus on the description of the characteristics mentioned in the general introduction. If the general description is about the beauty of animals, the sub-narratives should be written around the beauty; if the general description is about the "flexibility" of animals, the sub-narratives should be written around its flexibility. In addition, the subdivisions must be in a certain order, either from top to bottom, or shape first and then color, or first the middle and then both sides. It must be organized.

44. Characteristic Example Method

Characteristics

When using the characteristic example method to describe animals, we usually point out a certain characteristic of the animal first, and then give specific examples. Be confirmed. When using this method to describe animals, attention should be paid to capturing the characteristics that best reflect this aspect of the animal, and the description should be as specific as possible to make the reader find it credible.

45. Characteristic description method

Characteristics

The characteristic description method is used to describe animals. Generally, a certain characteristic of the animal is introduced first, and then its function is explained, or Explain why it has this characteristic. Then use the same method to introduce other characteristics of animals one by one. When using this method to describe animals, we must pay attention to the scientific nature and have basis, and cannot explain it in a taken-for-granted way. In order to improve writing skills, we should pay attention to reading more popular science books and understand the habits of animals.

46. Highlighting method

Characteristics

To use the highlighting method to describe animals, you must first carefully observe an animal and find out what makes it unique. describe it. When describing the main characteristics of animals, pay attention to using metaphors, personification, comparisons and other methods to make the key parts leave a deep impression on the readers. Use the key point method to describe animals. Some describe the main features in detail and mention the secondary features in one stroke;

47. Growth and change method

Characteristics

When using the growth and change method to describe animals, you should pay attention to describing the main stages of the entire process from small to large. Next, you cannot use the method of writing a running account.

When describing the main stages of an animal's growth process, attention should be paid to clearly explaining the causes and consequences to avoid confusion in the middle and confusing the reader. The growth process of animals is a long process, so when using this method to describe animals, you must pay attention to systematic observation, or unconsciously write a series of observation diaries and write down the observation results. Finally, as long as the observation diary is trimmed, it can be turned into an article reflecting the growth process of the animal.

48. Experimental proof method

Characteristics

Using the experimental proof method, we must first find out some little-known characteristics and habits of animals, and then use experiments to prove them. Prove that animals do have these characteristics and habits. When describing the process of the experiment, the method, process, and results of the experiment should be written down in an orderly manner, so as to convince the reader. This type of composition is generally written in the order of asking questions---conducting experiments---understanding the truth.

49. Group description method

Characteristics

To describe a group of animals, the most important thing is to have both details and outlines, and the details are appropriate. It is necessary to choose animals with characteristics, focus on observation and description, and write about other things in general or in brief. It is necessary to select typical materials and highlight the key points. For the animal that is the focus of description, you must grasp its shape, color, and movement to describe it in detail. For the animals that are abbreviated, you can briefly mention a certain aspect. When describing a group of animals, be careful not to cover everything.

50. On-site witnessing method

Characteristics

When using the on-site witnessing method to describe animals, the location of the observation must be clearly explained so that the reading will be realistic. Since on-site witnessing is based on the author's observation point of view as the starting point for writing, the description is not required to be comprehensive and complete, but the content of the description must be carefully selected to highlight the key points. When using the on-site witnessing method to describe animals, be careful to explain clearly during the narrative process which ones you saw with your own eyes and which ones you guessed. This article is scientific.

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