Pot body: Ueda manufacturing
Introduction to Hall Number: Longwentang was founded by Sifang Yasunosuke in Kyoto, Japan at the end of 18 and the beginning of 2009. It is the founding hall number of Japanese wok.
About the author: Ueda Zhao Fang was active from the end of Edo to Meiji period (1868 ~ 19 12), and his date of birth and death is unknown.
With his exquisite techniques of intaglio engraving and positive engraving, the author invited well-known brand merchants to order works, and at the same time formed many personal chapters, characters, positions, arrangement and shapes such as "going to the field to look after the house", "going to the field to make it" and "looking after the house". Different from most celebrities who wrote an inscription, Ueda Zhao Fang made iron pots for many well-known halls, among which Longwentang, Jinlong Hall, Guanglongtang Hall and Qingshou Hall are common so far.
First, the knowledge of the old iron pot
The old wok originated in the middle period of Edo in Japan (1780' s), but it was more widely spread in Meiji period. At present, the most popular old wok in Taiwan Province Province is probably the works around Showa, which is about 1925. It is about 80 years old. Iron pot was called iron pot in the original Japanese tea ceremony. The iron kettle has no girders and spout. One side of iron pot made a spout for pouring water, commonly known as "Liu". A girder was pressed on the top of the kettle and the kettle was lifted. Such an iron container is an iron bottle, which is now an iron pot. It first appeared in the Japanese edo period (1780s), that is, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in China. The first person who invented the iron pot should be "Koizumi of Shimizu family III as Zuoweimen, and arrived in Antu? During the Taoshan period (1573- 16 15), Japanese tea ceremony was formally established by Mori Norikyō, and most bakers lived in Kyoto. The earliest maker of iron bottles was the owner of Jufeng Pot, who is said to be the younger brother of Xizhi of 10 generation. However, Tian Sanbao Kato of Nagoya also started making iron bottles very early. By the end of the Edo period (1mid-9th century), Yasunosuke, the first owner of Longwentang in Kyoto, was the first to make an iron bottle by wax casting. The most famous producing areas in iron pot are Sanjiao pot holder in Kyoto, Yamagata casting, Chunjiutang in Naghama, Longwentang in Kyoto and southern ironware, among which Longwentang is famous for its copper cover, and some people even buy only copper covers in Japan.
In order to systematically understand the relevant knowledge of iron pot collection and appreciation, we must start from the following aspects: the history, culture, aesthetics and appreciation of iron pots; Iron pot's function, shape, material and value, as well as the identification and use of iron pot's collection, as well as its maintenance and future appreciation space. Books on the market now include The Best of Iron Pot and The Iron Bottle? "Complete Works of Japanese Iron Pots (I and II)", "Doupin Tuanxiang" (Japanese tea cultural relics are collected in Wangdu) and other books.
Price: A pot of 30,000 to 40,000 yuan three years ago is now worth at least 890,000 yuan or even 100,000 yuan. The more exquisite the best pot, the greater the appreciation space. But at present, the price of iron pots is relatively stable, generally ranging from 3000 to 20000 yuan. According to the author's consultation, at present, the value of a fine pot from Yasunosuke, Zangliu, Hatano Masahei and Meiquan is as high as several hundred thousand yuan. Suzuki? Because only a few light pots have been passed down from generation to generation, the price is nearly one million yuan; The exquisite pots made by master pot makers such as Takagi Yoshiyuki, Akihito Shiro, Nakagawa Seiichi, Kakuya Yigui, Kent Nagano I, Ueda Zhao Fang and Gong Yu Zongbingwei also cost more than 50,000 to 60,000 RMB. It is reported that at the auction of Xiling old tea set held in Hangzhou on February 4, 20 10, one of the first-generation Shoulang fine pots was priced at 952,000 yuan, and the other silver pot with Tibetan dragon pattern in the Warring States Period in 63 also sold for 784,000 yuan.
You also need to know the names of all parts of the wok to collect it. Iron pot can be divided into pot body, pot cover, spout (also called "flow"), hanging beam and spout. The place where the hanging beam connects with the pot body is called the ring buckle. There is a button on the lid, and the button seat is below. Some pots are surrounded by obvious casting lines or skirts called feather lines, which play the role of gathering charcoal fire and insulating fire temperature. Some pots are also inlaid with two earrings on both sides, which are called cutting. Some pots at the bottom of the pot are also equipped with several raised petal-shaped metal pieces, which are called soundboards.
A good old iron pot must first be complete in shape, unbreakable and leakproof. The button of the pot should be able to rotate smoothly and the spout should not be broken. The scale inside is not a problem as long as it can flow out. The hanging beam of the pot must be upright, and it is not allowed to be decomposed at will. The lid of the pot had better be original.
Usage: Before using New iron pot, wrap a small cup of tea with cloth and put it in iron pot, and boil it for about 10 minute. In this way, the tannin contained in tea and the iron powder dissolved in iron pot will form a layer of tannin iron film on the surface of iron pot, which makes the pot difficult to embroider. In addition, please use the new pot every day when it is used for the first time, so that it can be weighed quickly, but remember to keep it dry after use. About 5 days after starting to use, something red like rust spots will appear inside, and white scales will appear about 10. After long-term use, it will all turn red. It doesn't matter as long as the water is not turbid. Please don't clean it, and don't wipe or wash it just because it is rusty. Usually, except when boiling, try not to let water into the pot. After boiling, pour hot water into the thermos bottle and keep the inside dry. Please don't cover the pot until it is completely cold in the wok. Dry the lid with a dry cloth first. Prevent the temperature difference from being too large, and the temperature difference between the pot body and the water temperature is too large. For example, heat water when the pot temperature is low or pour cold water when the pot temperature is high. When something like the above happens, there is a risk of frying pan.
Tasting notes: If you are looking for an old iron pot, you must pay attention to identify whether the pot body is intact and cannot leak. The hanging beam of the pot should be kept upright, and it is best to have a uniform layer of white dirt inside the pot and the spout. Generally, there is no hundred years of accumulation, so it is difficult to imitate the scale of the spout. Even if there is some white scale on the mouth of the newly imitated fake old iron pot, the texture of the scale is very powder and soft, or it can't be imitated at all. The iron texture on the surface of the pot will be unfamiliar and there will be no moist patina. What kind of iron pot is a good pot worth collecting? Generally speaking, it should be exquisite, beautiful in shape, exquisite in workmanship, high in quality, ancient, famous, rare, artificial and excellent in material.
Nineteen aesthetic standards of Japanese wok;
65438+ At the bottom of some old iron pots, such as Guiwentang Boqianniao series, there are many pot owners who want to cast some leisure stamps such as "My home is east of Lake Biwa in Japan", "My home is east of Lake Biwa in Japan" and so on. In particular, some old pots with Tang's signature will be more collectible.
2, the special type of pot: the type of old iron pot, each hall or pot will have its own series of shapes.
3. Pot shape: iron pot and Silver Pot, made of the mouths of six animals, are unique. Generally, Yasunosuke, Zhengping, Zangliu, Meiquan and Guangzhong pots have no names, but as long as people in the industry can tell at a glance, perhaps this is the charm of the superb pot-making skills of the masters.
4. Appreciation of the hanging beam of the pot: the width, height, technology, material and shape of the hanging beam will affect the value and aesthetic feeling of the whole pot. No matter what kind of hanging beam it is, its normal position must be upright. Some hanging beams are inclined, so just use a vise to straighten them.
5. spout appreciation: some old pots that have been used for more than a hundred years will form thick scale, which will affect the water flow to a certain extent, but it is no harm. The scale of the spout can be used as a reference for dating the old pot. Some jugs will be damaged, so generally don't care. If the water flow is affected, just insert gold, silver or copper into the spout. The spout of a good pot must have smooth water flow and be decisive in cutting off water. A good spout looks beautiful on the side and matches the pot body well. The height of the top of the spout should generally be as high as the edge of the top of the kettle.
6. Taste of pot cover: There are many iron pot covers and pot bodies that are not made at the same time, but this situation is more common in some ordinary pots. The lid of a famous pot maker must be designed and made with special funds in combination with the overall shape of the pot body. The other pot has two lids. Of course, many pots only have hall numbers and signatures. For example, there is no hall number on the lid of Guiwentang.
7, the button of the pot (pinch): the pot cover and even the whole pot body play a finishing touch role. In particular, the master of a famous hall or a famous tripod can make a pot of kung fu on a small clasp, as well as various animals, dragons, fish, phoenixes and so on. A high-grade button not only greatly increases the aesthetic feeling of the pot, but also can boil water for a long time without burning your hands.
8. Appreciation of the button seat (golden seat): From the button seat of a pot, the origin, age and owner of the pot can be identified. Buttons are made of gold, silver, copper, iron and other materials, with the shapes of hornbeam, ganoderma lucidum, plum blossom, bamboo chrysanthemum, maple, cherry blossom and other plants, as well as special buttons without buttons, such as the ring buttons of Tibetan Six and the buttons of some independent masters.
9. Appreciation of the ring payment of the pot: the ring payment is the place where the hanging beam is connected with the pot body, and it is the center balance of a pot. Some small pots with side handles have no rings, but they are no longer called pots but called water injection or urgent whiskers. Gui Wentang's brave ring payment is a unique ring payment.
10. Feather, feather falling and hair cutting of the pot: Some old iron pots have a round skirt line called "feather" in the lower part of the pot body. The main function of feathers is to concentrate the fire under the pot body and increase the fire area of the pot. When it is erected on the traditional air furnace, it also achieves the purpose of isolating the heat of charcoal fire from reaching the top of the pot and scalding hands. Generally, the iron pot made by sand casting method will leave a circle of mold clamping trace line at the largest diameter of the pot body, which is called "rough cutting". "Feather drop" is generally an irregular and missing ring pot line.
1 1. vertical tail: vertical tail, also called pot skirt, appears in the middle and lower part of the pot like a girl skirt. Tail descent can be used in steering flow to supplement combustion-supporting oxygen. Most of them have irregular notched tails, and some pots have flat tails.
12. About the navel of the iron pot: The navel of the pot, also called the pouring hole, is the last closed place in the process of pouring molten iron into the pot. Usually in the center of the bottom of the pot. The types of kettle umbilicus are generally single circle, convex and concave, and the back of the knife is straight (such as the first generation of Tibetan six kettle umbilicus). There will be two small navel formed by small vent holes on both sides of the navel.
13. About gold and silver inlaying (also known as filing gold and silver): The filing technology with gold and silver patterns has greatly doubled the aesthetic and artistic value of iron pot, which often increases the value far beyond the original pot price in iron pot. So at present, some people imitate the old pot and inlay it with gold and silver, but as long as they are carefully identified, it is easy to see the true and false old products.
14. Appreciate the exquisite patterns on the pot: Many Japanese old iron pots have exquisite patterns cast by seiko, with exquisite workmanship and rich creativity.
15. Comments on China's famous sentences engraved on pots: Some pots in iron pot have Chinese characters such as cursive script, running script and official script. And the general content is mainly Han, Tang, Song and poetry, as well as inspirational words, inscriptions and messages. Some pot bodies will be exaggerated, full of China's poems and very bookish.
16. About the spout: The spout shape of a pot is extremely important. The height, size, Fiona Fang and shape of the spout directly affect the overall modeling and use function of the kettle. Generally, there are round, square, round, falling, uniform, Taguchi, wide, spindle and ring mouth. There are also some kettle masters who specially made some original spout to match the overall shape of the kettle body. The spout has a better shape and is easy to clean and maintain.
17. About the soundboard of the pot: Some old iron pots have several protruding pieces with different shapes at the bottom core of the pot, which are called soundboards. The so-called clicker means that the water in the pot will make a sound through the lug at the bottom of the pot after it is boiled, which is very pleasing to the ear. Of course, many old iron pots with clickers have become rusty due to the vicissitudes of time.
18. Positioning of casting methods: There are roughly three casting methods, one is dewaxing, the other is sand casting, and the third is high-strength die casting. The dewaxing method is also called dewaxing method. Because of the complicated production process, only one iron pot can be made for each model, just like the bronze casting method in Han Dynasty in China, so there is only one pot in the world, which is particularly precious and can be regarded as a collection treasure. The sand casting pot will have a casting line around the pot body at the maximum outer diameter, and there will be a small umbilical hole on both sides of the umbilical eye at the bottom of the pot, which is the vent hole left during casting and is easy to identify. Sand cast iron pots are diverse in shape, simple and elegant. If it is in the hands of celebrities, it is also a good collection of iron pots. In an iron pot, the left and right sides are usually molded by high-pressure casting, so there will be a mold closing line left by casting at the middle boundary of the pot body. Some pot owners will use sand grinding to smooth after casting. Because this casting method can mold multiple pots, the iron pot value of this casting method will be greatly reduced. No matter how beautiful and complicated its shape and pattern are, it is not as unique as the lost wax casting method, so that the pot price is not high so far, generally within several thousand to twenty thousand.
19, selection of pot bottom and comprehensive products: Pay special attention to the maintenance of pot bottom, such as the thickness of pot bottom, whether it leaks water, whether it rusts and falls off, etc. The thickness of the bottom of the pot can be scraped slightly by hand to listen to the sound. Generally, the hand scratching sound with a complete thick bottom will be thick and deep, and the hand scratching sound with a thin bottom will be frivolous. Also pay attention to check the pot body for cracks. The wok is made of pig iron, which is easily broken. Then, check whether there are cracks in the hanging beams and rings or whether there are welded joints after fracture. The lid should also be carefully identified whether it is original or suitable, and whether the buttons on the lid are in good condition. Generally, it is better to turn the button flexibly by hand with an iron pan. Then, check whether the button seat has been replaced after maintenance, whether the water flow in the spout is smooth, and whether the corrosion and surface coating of some so-called old pots are correct. If it is filing gold and silver, whether the pot body is newly embedded, whether the hall number on the pot body or lid is newly imitated, and so on.
Second, the division of hall number and kettle
Meiji period was the glorious period of Japanese iron pots. At that time, the stars were shining: there were four kings in Longwentang, Yasunosuke, Daisuke Ueda and Inoue, and there were four kings in Guiwentang, namely, Porto Zhengping, Meiquan, Suzuki Shigemitsu and Danhai Xiuguang; Among the six Tibetan chapters, there are six Tibetan chapters in Siqin and the Western Wall. The founders of Jinshoutang, Yu Gong Wei and Yasunosuke of Longwentang, were in a good mood for a while. Now, the Asian Folk Art Museum in Europe still collects the works of Yu Gong of Jin Shoutang, which shows the historical position of Jin Shoutang. Just like purple sand has flower goods and light goods, flower goods belong to Longwentang department, and light goods (also called plain pots) mostly come from Jinshoutang department.
Yasunosuke (1780- 1840), the founder of Longwentang, is the son of Longwen, the founder of Longwentang. Longwen (1732- 1798) is an army general school in Kameyama, Danbo. 1770 He came to work in Kyoto. In the early Longwentang, copper was used as the pot cover. In the early days, there was a pot cover made of seven kinds of metals, commonly known as "Qibao Copper Cover". This copper cover looks like the color of several non-ferrous metals such as copper and brass. The lid of the iron pot is exquisite. A good pot must match the original pot and the original pot cover, especially the buttons on the pot cover, which are ingenious, including flowers, birds, fish, insects, dragons, turtles, snakes and beasts; Plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine cone and so on are all used. Iron pot of Longwentang usually has the words "Made by Longwentang" on the back of the pot cover, and some of them fall behind the pot body, but this is generally the main pot of Longwentang.
At the same time, two famous pot masters who had a great influence on Japanese wok manufacturing technology and culture followed Yasunosuke's apprentice and became Yasunosuke's proud disciple. These two are the famous Hatano Masahei and the early Qin Mi Zang (also known as Qin Zang Six or Zang Six) in the history of Japanese iron pots. According to historical records, Zhengping and Zangliu are brothers.
Tibetan Liu (1823- 1890) was very interested in the bronze culture in China, and cast totem patterns on many bronzes in China during the Western Zhou Dynasty on his own pots and vessels, forming a unique style. Master Zang Liuhu didn't create his own iron pot Hall number, which may be related to his being called the Master of Imperial Pots by the emperor. The mouth of the divine bird and beast in the Tibetan Six Pots Totem is the spout. Although there is no hall number in the pot of Zang Liu, the pot body has been passed down from generation to generation, which can also be equated with Zang Liu Tang.
Yaping Hatano (18 12- 1892) created his own Christian name "Guiwentang". The mainstream works of Guiwentang Department, in addition to the unique pot shape of the master pot, are the iron pot Guiwentang Boqian Bird Series with landscapes, birds and insects, beasts, boats, bridges, flowers, grass and wood as the themes. But the hanging beam of the pot is always an S-shaped detachable hanging beam specially invented by Gui Wentang. The money of the pot is handed over to the back ring of the handle beam on the back of the pot, which is generally printed with "Japanese tortoise script", "tortoise script made in Tang Dynasty" and "tortoise script made in Tang Dynasty" of the first generation. In the old iron pot in Guiwentang, we can see that there is a big or small square seal at the bottom of the pot, which generally reads: "East of Lake Biwa, Japan". My home is in Xuzaili, Jiangzhou, Japan. I live in the northeast of Lake Biwa, Japan. "Seal of Shenchuan" and "Seal of Zhengping" are generally the system of Zhengping in the early stage of Shenchuan, that is, the end of Edo, more than 50 years ago/kloc-0. By the middle of Kamimoto, that is, the late Meiji period (1868- 19 12) to the late Taisho period (19 12- 1926), the bottom of the pot was mostly covered with seals: ". Among the famous cauldron masters in Kyoto, there are Meiquan and Guangzhong Suzuki of Shangwentang, who are apprentices of Hatano Masahei, the owner of Shangwentang. Especially Suzuki? Light weight, because the pots made were hidden in the social hall by the nobles and celebrities at that time, so there are only a few that have been circulated in the world so far, and people who don't give up for a light weight iron pot can't get it. The hanging beam of Meiquan pot is made of blooming plum blossoms. There are "Japanese-style Meiquan" and "Meiquan soup stoves", as well as some Meiquan-style Meiquan pots.
Among the 100 people, the following dozens should be highlighted: they are Sifang Anping; Long Wentang's disciples are from the first generation to the third generation of Yasunosuke, the fourth generation of Xiyilang, the fifth generation of Mizoguchi Jixi, the sixth generation of Chaerlang, the seventh generation of Yasutaro, Yasunosuke, Hatano Masahei, the first generation of Cangliu to the fourth generation of Cangliu; Hatano Masahiro's disciples Meiquan and Guangzhong; Gui Wentang is a master of pot, Dan Hai Xiuguang; Long Wentang cauldron master, cauldron Shoulang, cauldron Tuoweng, Iwamoto, Inoue (that is, Meiquan), Lin, Dao, Xifang and Tian Changqing; The more famous the Golden Dragon Hall, the first generation of great powers, Shoulang and Sano; Jin Shoutang's Rain Palace Sobee and Rain Palace School; Sato Ti of Guangyutang; Rong Zhen of Songrongtang; The third province of Shengshoutang; Yunsetang celebrities Minosuke, Jinwu Goro, metalworking Saburo, Nakagawa; Gao Mu Zhi, Xue Jing, Jing Shou, Jingchang, Jingchun, disciple of Daxi family, was a good soldier and a strong general. Kaga's success and so on. There are also some family pot makers, such as Yue Ming family, Koizumi family, Suzuki family, Fujita family, Miyazaki family, Youyou family, and many pot makers in southern Japan. Among the famous teachers in Japan, we must also mention the following three people, who have been awarded intangible cultural wealth by the Japanese state, namely, the metalworking cauldron teachers of industrial technology, such as Noji, Kakuya Yigui and Gao Qiao Jingdian. The above three people have complete pot-making skills, among which Kakuya Yigui is a master.
(1) Longwentang system has many hall numbers. For example, Jinlong Hall is produced by Longwentang for high-end customers, just like Toyota's Lexus. Other church names related to or contracted by Longwentang are: Qinglong Hall, Guanglongtang, Xulongtang, Wanlongtang, Xinlongtang, Shanlongtang, Dilongtang, Longshan Hall, Longhutang, Longfangtang, Qingshoutang, Ruiyuntang, Longyuntang and Jinxiang Hall. There is also Xiangyun Hall related to Daxi family. Zhengshoutang is composed of three styles: Beijing iron pot, Chinese style crossing Beijing iron pot, southern iron pot and local style. There are some other hall numbers that are very rare, such as the hall entrance of the Phoenix generation.
(2) Jinshoutang (Supan) includes Jinqingtang, Jinguantang, Jinyutang, Jinrongtang and Jinguitang. Yunse Hall, Guangyu Hall, Shengzhu Hall, Songrong Hall and Sandetang are the five pillars of Jinshoutang system. Guangyu Hall is the best hall number in the vegetarian pot (there are very few halls that can do metalworking, and there are only a few famous teachers, and Guangyu Hall is one of them). Guangbaotang, Yongbaotang, Juguangtang and Shanxuantang are also metalworking. Metalworking Guang Mao's works are comparable to Mei Longxuan of Longwentang System.
(3) Hot celebrities in metalworking department: Mei Longxuan (metalworking master), Guang Mao (metalworking master), Zong Xianzuo (metalworking master), Yasunosuke (cauldron master), Ueda Zhao Fang (cauldron master), Yu Nigong Zongbingwei (cauldron master) and Yu Nigong Zongzong (cauldron master).
(4) Hot celebrities collected in the wok by dewaxing method: Hatano Masahei, Suzuki Guangzhong, Meiquan, Danhai Xiuguang and Xihengyi.
(5) Inheritors of intangible cultural heritage (metalworking teapot, iron pot system): Gao Qiao Jingdian, Kent Nagano Yigui and Kakuya Yigui.
(6) Hot celebrities in six categories: bronze ware, beast mouth and Tibetan: Tibetan Six, Inoue, Gong Yu Zongbingwei, etc.
Three. Japanese Historical Yearbook (Compared with China)
1, ancient history: omitted;
2. Ancient history: omitted;
3. Mufu years:
Kamakura era (1 192- 1334) Song and Yuan Dynasties;
Southern and Northern Dynasties (1334- 1392) Yuan and Ming Dynasties;
Muromachi era (1392- 1573) (Zuoguo era) Ming;
The period of Antu Taoshan (1573- 1598) was Ming, namely, the so-called "Zhifeng period", Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi period; Sen Wu ri Li Chuang tea ceremony
The edo period (1603- 1868) was the late Ming and early Qing dynasties; 1850 or so, Yasunosuke is the first generation;
4. Modern history
Meiji (1868-191year) ruled Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuan Tong dynasties;
Dazheng (19 1 1 year-1926) was in the period of northern warlords;
Showa National Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) (1926- 1989);
Heisei (1989-) is the third generation leader.