"A hero who experienced the Cultural Revolution opened the door for the military to explore alien civilization. The earth civilization sent a signal to the universe and found that there was a struggling three-body civilization in Samsung Centauri, which was more advanced than the earth civilization, and wanted to clear the earth civilization, so a huge cosmic war began ..." This is the content of Liu's science fiction novel Three-body. Later, he wrote "three body 2: Dark Forest" and "three body 3: Eternal Death" to systematically construct his sci-fi world and his thoughts on the earth and cosmic civilization. The cosmic war in Three-body is full of intelligent games between the two sides. After going through all the hardships, the earth people took advantage of the fatal flaw of the transparent thinking of the three-person body, formulated a mysterious "face-to-face plan", and selected four "face-to-face people" to secretly launch a counterattack against the three-person body. The three-body man relies on the "broken wall man" selected by the traitor of the earth to play an intelligent game with the "face wall man". As a science fiction novel, the author sets some universal laws for the world in the book: survival is the first need of civilization; Civilization continues to grow and develop, but the total amount of matter in the universe remains unchanged. Liu deduced the law of survival from this: "The universe is a dark forest, and every civilization is a hunter with a gun in the forest, and any life that exposes its existence will soon be eliminated." The description of human morality and survival in Three-body is a kind of sci-fi description in extreme environment, which fascinates countless people and makes many business people fall into endless thinking in the real business world. Liu: Deciphering the dark forest law in reality Q: Under the background of three-body cosmic civilization, there are dark forest law, technological explosion, chain of suspicion and so on. Does it include your thinking and basic judgment on human nature? In different environments of the universe, people's morality will change accordingly? A: The dark state in the second novel of the Three-body series is only one of the settings. The whole universe has a unified moral code and knowledge of respecting life, and different civilizations in the universe may present a state of harmonious cooperation. Or in a more ideal universe, a higher civilization may support the evolution and development of a lower civilization or a lower organism. The state of the dark forest of the whole universe exists only for this story, which does not represent my overall judgment on human nature or the whole universe. The characteristic of science fiction literature is to deduce some results and some processes through your settings. Science fiction is about arranging possibilities. I don't think human nature is really as dark as it may be in the novel. Judging from my judgment of human nature, I think, first of all, human biological instinct and survival instinct are undeniable, and we must make every effort to survive; Second, the so-called absolute humanity does not exist, it is only the product of the environment. Morality and values based on this humanity are relative and change with the environment. It depends on the choice we make in reality, and we make this choice every day now. Q: If there is no legal bottom line and business ethics, will the real business world become a dark forest like in the novel? A: First of all, the dark forest has preconditions. It is difficult for both sides to understand and communicate with each other under the premise that the universe is far away. And its second premise is that the two species are different, which is difficult to understand. We don't even know what our cats and dogs think, so it's quite difficult for you to communicate with aliens. These two premises do not exist in the current society. First of all, we are all human beings. We have a solid biological foundation in our communication and can understand each other. Secondly, the space between us is very short, and everyone has become a global village, so it is convenient to contact now. In this case, I think it is impossible for the whole human society to have an extremely zero moral environment in the dark forest. Commerce, especially internet commerce, may present some elements of the dark forest in some cases. For example, in the online business war, both sides may be caught in the prisoner's dilemma by the worst idea of the other side, but I think this state is only partial and phased, and it is impossible to develop into the extremely dark forest state described in the novel. In commercial activities, in the commercial activities of the Internet, moral constraints are actually very weak, but the real constraints come from laws and rules, which is necessary. There is a good saying: there are no good people, only good laws and rules. People's weaknesses are the same all over the world, but whether the law is sound or not will bring differences to each environment. Q: Is it because the Internet industry is a particularly new industry, and all aspects should be gradually improved? A: Even under a sound legal framework, there may be a dark forest or a prisoner's dilemma. The law does not prohibit one party from using means within the scope of the law to destroy the other party. He may destroy each other, but it is completely legal and common in business. Therefore, in this competitive state, even if there is a perfect law, there may be that kind of suspicion chain or dimensionality reduction attack, which is a kind of competition. Of course, it won't be so extreme, but it may still be common in specific local commercial competition and has little to do with legal constraints. In the real law, you are not allowed to kill people, but the law allows you to destroy each other in business, of course, not physically, but from a commercial point of view. Many times, it is completely legal for a company to merge with another company, or for me to bring down your company with a price strategy. In this case, there may be some factors similar to the dark forest. Q: Do you have any ideas about the future development of the Internet? A: At present, the development direction of the network in the foreseeable future may be the Internet of Things. In addition to connecting computers, you will also connect daily necessities and even more things that have nothing to do with the network before. It is likely that many facilities in the whole society will eventually enter the network. But I think the breakthrough and qualitative change of Internet development really need a basic breakthrough, such as basic theory, such as computer structure, because the computer we are using now is still this serial von Neumann computer. If the real Internet wants to break through, first of all, the computer system should be completely different, such as parallel computers or faster optical computers. Only when these technological breakthroughs appear can the network have qualitative changes, and these breakthroughs are still far away at present. Zhou Wei: The password of life is expansion, and so is the enterprise. Q: Why do many people on the Internet like to watch "Three-body"? A: I have made an in-depth discussion on philosophy and human nature, and adopted an attractive story, which is acceptable to most people. In addition, it is hard science fiction, which contains a lot of technical information, and the people who do technology are more suitable for its context. Moreover, the competitive environment in the Internet industry is fierce, which is likely to cause a lot of abuse. For example, in terms of product concept, the competition in China's Internet industry is often a dimensionality reduction attack, and the price is set to the bottom line, so that consumers' behavior is also cultivated to be unwilling to pay. From the perspective of "Three-body", a universe has perished and started again. If it is applied to the internet world, ten years will be regarded as a life cycle of the universe, and basically the user value of this life cycle has been reduced, because these users are unwilling to pay. However, the number of people is constantly multiplying, and the new generation of young Internet users are willing to pay for copyrighted content, and this environment will be restored. Q: What do you know about the Internet industry after reading Three-body? A: First, the matter in the universe is constant and limited. Internet companies are developing too fast, and will soon reach the border. They must find ways to kill all competitors who compete for materials, so the competition is cruel. Second, the password of life is expansion. In fact, the company needs to expand and grow constantly to meet its shareholders. Third, technology explosion. Why are the cosmic civilizations in Three-body so worried about each other? It has only been more than a hundred years since mankind really possessed modern science and technology, which is nothing in the universe. But for alien civilization, the growth rate of scientific and technological explosion on earth is unknown. The same is true for Internet companies. Internet companies often have so-called destructive technologies, such as Facebook, which have affected the fate of MySpace. MySpace was worth hundreds of millions of dollars when it was acquired by News Corporation, and it was only worth 30 million to 40 million dollars when it was sold. Fu Sheng: Speed is king. The first point is competition. "Three-body" says that the whole universe will be destroyed. But I am an optimist. The universe is a multi-dimensional world, idyllic, and everyone is happy. But in the process of destroying each other's ecology, there is no bottom line and the means are becoming more and more cruel. Even the ten-dimensional advanced civilization fell to three dimensions and finally to two dimensions after the dimension reduction war. Every civilization has returned to the era of ants. From some angles, in reality, the Internet field may encounter similar results. Large companies copy innovation, small companies are unwilling to invest, everyone's innovation and competitiveness are exhausted, the speed is slow, and the whole ecology is exhausted. Second, speed is king. Is there no chance for small companies in the dark forest law? I don't think so. The reason is that speed is king. The same is true on the Internet. People's understanding and thinking can't keep up with the development of the times. No matter how big companies use the dark forest law to target society, new species always appear in unknown corners. They appeared, and they were fast and powerful, and big companies couldn't destroy them even if they tried again. Third, Internet companies must first have internal problems. If there are no internal problems, we can find the way to development. In "Three-body", the earth civilization is rotten in the hands of the opposition inside the earth. So I think the inside line must be stable and the core strength must be foolproof. Fourth, plan against the wall. Face to face people just hide my strategy and don't report or explain it to anyone. Apple is like this, and the security system is very powerful. Doing business is divided into two dimensions and three dimensions. I think it is two-dimensional for Lei Jun to do Jinshan. He only sees the hierarchy of business functions, like an industrious ant, following the bread crumbs. The transformation of Xiaomi is an increase of one dimension. Lei Jun saw the resultant force of several factors: a large enough market; The competition in the market is actually not fierce. Because traditional mobile phone manufacturers don't understand "dimensionality reduction". It thinks that selling a mobile phone is making money. But what is the thinking of Internet vendors? You don't need every mobile phone to make money, you have a large enough user base, and then make money on this group. Cui Guangfu: Dimensions determine the competitive strength of enterprises. Q: What business enlightenment does "Three-body" bring? How to use up dimension and down dimension? A: The first is to enhance imagination. I used to think that the world is three-dimensional, and the higher-dimensional display of three-body has improved my understanding of space and time dimensions. Your team "has no way", maybe other teams "have a way"; Your enterprise "has no way", maybe other enterprises "have a way". That is to say, we should have this kind of imagination and then innovate. "There is a way" is an attitude. Secondly, if you have different dimensions in the competition, you will have a clearer understanding of your competitors and a different grasp of the future. For example, enterprises in the industrial age can see clearly some rules of agricultural society when they compete, because they have already experienced it. The era of knowledge economy is one dimension higher than that of industry. Enterprise competition can be upgraded or downgraded. Think about it flexibly, for example, the product line has dropped from multiple product lines to core products, which is dimension reduction. In fact, the first demand of enterprises is survival. If an enterprise can't survive, nothing else can be said. Now this society has gradually entered the era of knowledge economy, and you are still in the industrial age. In order to survive, you must upgrade or downgrade. This must be handled flexibly and adjusted according to market conditions.