Requirements for collection of various types of test specimens
Do you know what are the requirements for collection of various types of test specimens? Do you understand the requirements for collection of various types of test specimens? The following is what I bring to you Welcome to read the knowledge about the collection requirements of various types of test specimens.
1. Urine routine:
When taking urine, clean the vulva first, and then collect the mid-section urine. The first morning urine (urinate between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m.) is the best. It should be sent for inspection as soon as possible. If left for too long, it will affect the detection of bacteria, glucose, cells and other items. When the specimen cannot be sent for inspection or analysis in time, it should be refrigerated and stored at 4°C, and the storage time should not exceed 6 hours. Urine output less than 10ml will be rejected. If the patient consumes a large amount of fluids and exercises strenuously, the composition of the urine will be directly affected, thus failing to accurately reflect the patient's disease status.
2. Fecal routine:
Fecal specimens should be fresh and should not be mixed with urine or other debris. The container should be clean and dry. When collecting specimens, the mucus or pus and blood portion should be picked out. Feces with no abnormal appearance can be collected from different parts of the surface and interior. It should be sent for examination as soon as possible after collection. If it exceeds 2 hours, the cellular components in the feces may be destroyed and decomposed due to the influence of pH and digestive enzymes. Pay attention to keeping warm when examining amebic trophozoites. For fecal occult blood test, the patient should be instructed to fast from animal foods for 3 days before collecting the specimen. Check continuously for 3 days, and select the outer and inner feces for inspection.
3. Routine examination of cerebrospinal fluid and thoracic and ascites fluid:
Clinicians collect 3-5ml of specimens through aseptic procedures and place them in sterile test tubes or bottles for inspection. The first tube is for bacterial examination, the second tube is for biochemical and immunological examination, and the third tube is for routine cell count examination. Specimens should be sent for examination immediately after collection to avoid changes in the components of the specimens due to being left for too long, such as cell damage and glucose decomposition; because Neisseria meningitidis can easily autolyze after being isolated from the body, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae can also It is easy to die, so when sending bacterial culture specimens for inspection, special attention should be paid to insulation.
4. Gastric juice routine:
Disable drugs that affect gastric acid secretion, such as anticholinesters and alkaline drugs, 1 day before the test. No fasting, drinking, or smoking 8 hours before and after the test. For patients with delayed gastric emptying, the patient is advised to take a liquid diet 1-2 days before the test. The subjects were asked to sit on an empty stomach and gastric juice was extracted by intubation. Specimens should be sent for inspection immediately after collection. If the specimen cannot be sent for inspection in time, please store it in a 4°C refrigerator. Intubation is contraindicated after swallowing corrosive poisons (strong acid, strong alkali, etc.) and bleeding from esophageal varices. If there is gastric dilation or pyloric obstruction, there is often a large amount of food in the stomach. At this time, a thicker gastric tube must be used and connected with a negative pressure suction device.
5. Semen routine:
Abstain from sex for at least 3 days but not more than 7 days before collecting semen. For patients who are examined two to several times, the interval between the two examinations should be greater than 7 days. Collect all semen in a dry and clean plastic container and keep it warm for inspection immediately.
6. Prostatic fluid routine:
Abstinence is required for 3-7 days before collecting prostate fluid. When collecting, the patient first urinates, and the clinician uses prostate massage to obtain the urine. The first drop of glandular fluid should be discarded during sampling, and then collected with a glass slide for examination. Specimens should be sent for testing immediately after collection. Prostate massage and sampling are contraindicated in patients with suspected prostate tuberculosis, abscess, or tumor. When the prostate is acutely infected, in principle it is forbidden to massage the prostate to prevent sepsis caused by bacteria entering the blood after massage. Sampling should only be performed if adequate antibiotics are administered systemically.
7. Leucorrhea routine:
Sexual intercourse, bathing, vaginal examination and lavage should be prohibited 24 hours before collection. Cotton swabs soaked in normal saline (bacterial culture) can be used for collection. Generally, a sterile cotton swab is used to collect the material) from the deep part of the vagina or the back of the vaginal dome, 2-3 cm from the cervix, turn and hold for 10-30 seconds. Keep warm and send for inspection as soon as possible after collection. Otherwise, the motility of trichomonas will be affected and detection will be easily missed.
8. Blood gas analysis:
Use a heparin anticoagulated syringe to collect 1-2ml of arterial blood. After blood collection, the air bubbles need to be exhausted immediately, and then the needle tip is inserted into the rubber stopper to seal the needle hole. .
9. 24-hour urine protein quantification:
The patient eats normally, strictly collects 24-hour urine samples, empties urine at 7 o'clock in the morning, and collects urine from 7 o'clock to 7 o'clock the next day. Collect all the urine into a clean container with preservatives (preservatives should be added immediately after the first urine retention), mix all urine thoroughly, accurately measure the total amount of all urine and record it on the test sheet. Take 5-10ml of urine from it, put it into another container, and send it to the laboratory for examination immediately.
;