In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1908), Ma Zhanshan decided to "wash my hands of it" and led his brother to join the army. 19 1 1 year, he took refuge in the patrol camp at the back of Fengtian Road of the Qing army and commanded Wu. From the sentry, company commander, battalion commander, colonel and brigade commander of the Fourth Battalion, he was promoted to the position of commander of the cavalry division of the Northeast Border Guard and commander of the Heihe River. 1925165438+10, Guo Songling rebelled, and Zhang organized forces to resist in Xinmin river area. In February of 65438+, Ma Zhanshan fought fiercely with Guo Songling Army near Baiqibao, Xinmin, Liaoning. Jun Guo was defeated, and Ma Zhanshan followed the search and captured the Guo Songling couple alive. In the same year, Ma Zhanshan was promoted to brigade commander of the 5th Brigade of Northeast Army 17 Division.
1On June 4th, 928, the Japanese invaders killed Zhang Hewu in Huangshitun, and he vowed that "public grievances and private grievances will be reported". 1929 was appointed commander-in-chief of cavalry in Heilongjiang province by Zhang Xueliang. He used to be commander-in-chief of cavalry in Heilongjiang province and commander of Heihe police. 1930 served as commander of Heihe garrison and brigade commander of the third infantry brigade. 193 1 After the September 18th Incident, Zhang Xueliang appointed him as acting chairman and military commander-in-chief of Heilongjiang provincial government. When the Japanese Kwantung Army unreasonably asked China's troops to withdraw from the River Bridge (Nenjiang Railway Bridge), on June+10/October 65438+June 6, the puppet army Zhang Haipeng attacked Nenjiang Bridge, and Ma Zhanshan led the troops to defeat it. He made it clear that "I am ordered to be the head of a province, and it is my duty to defend my country", and "I will never dare to make a certain scale of land fall into an alien race in my lifetime". When the Japanese invaded Jiangqiao, the defenders destroyed three holes on the bridge. 165438+1October 3, Ma Zhanshan rejected the Japanese ultimatum. On the 4th, the Japanese army stormed the Jiangqiao defensive position. He ordered resistance. Because the enemy is outnumbered, there is no backup, and the equipment is poor, causing heavy casualties. After playing for half a month, we had to evacuate Jiangqiao. Ma Zhanshan personally went to the front line to direct the battle and repeatedly defeated the Japanese attack. The bloody battle between "Ma bu" or horse stance just look and Jiangqiao gave great encouragement to the people all over the country. Ma Zhanshan's name soon spread all over the country, and letters of condolence came like snowflakes. People praised him as a patriotic soldier and a national hero. However, due to the continuous reinforcement of the Japanese army, Ma Bu fought alone. By 18, after more than 0/000 Japanese puppet troops were wiped out, they had to retreat to Qiqihar. 2 1, retreat to Helen and continue to resist the enemy. In February 65438, the Kuomintang government appointed him as the chairman of Heilongjiang Province. Shanghai, Harbin and other places organized "anti-Japanese groups to help horses", and cigarette factories also produced "Ma Zhanshan brand" cigarettes.
1932, Ma Zhanshan pretended to surrender and became the puppet governor of Heilongjiang and the military and political chief of Manchukuo. He secretly used 12 cars and 6 cars to transport 24 million yuan, 300 war horses and other military supplies out of the city, raising the anti-Japanese flag again. Ma Zhanshan held a meeting with Du Li, Ding Chao and other military representatives in Baiquan, and changed Heihe garrison headquarters to the provincial administrative office. There were 7,000 people in the three roads, and Ma Zhanshan was elected commander-in-chief of the Salvation Army in Heilongjiang Province. At the meeting, the Japanese army was attacked in three ways. In less than half a year, Ma Zhanshan led a heavy blow to the Japanese puppet troops and wiped out the arrogance of Japanese aggression. Later, due to the defeat of the war, he retreated to the Soviet Union.
1On June 3rd, 933, Ma Zhanshan returned to Shanghai from the Soviet Union, met with Chiang Kai-shek three times and volunteered for the war of resistance. 1936 12 went to an, participated in the An Incident, and supported the An Incident launched by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng to force Jiang to resist Japan. 1937, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Ma Zhanshan as commander of Jin Ting and commander of four northeastern provinces. Later, he served as the chairman of Heilongjiang provincial government and led his department to continue the war of resistance. 1938165438+10, Ma Zhanshan went to Yan 'an for medical treatment due to illness. After his recovery, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Shensi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region held a grand reception. Mao Zedong delivered a speech at the meeting, praising him as a consistent national hero who fought the war to the end.
1947, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Ma Zhanshan as the deputy commander of northeast security, but he refused to take office. 1948 during the battle of Peiping and Tianjin, Ma Zhanshan resolutely abandoned the darkness and stepped forward to help Fu make up his mind to hand over Peiping peacefully, which promoted the process of Peiping's peaceful liberation. At the beginning of 1949, he persuaded Fu to accept the peaceful adaptation, and suggested to Fu that Deng Baoshan should be the negotiator to China, which made useful work for promoting the peaceful liberation of Beiping.
1950165438+1On October 29th, Ma Zhanshan died in Beijing at the age of 65.
Eternal monument
Ma Zhanshan: The first shot of armed resistance against Japan was fired.
■ Anti-Japanese Heroes Spectrum
193 1 year1kloc-0/month 4, on the bridge deck of Nenjiang River in Heilongjiang Province, Ma Zhanshan, a patriotic general of the Northeast Army, led the China army and fought back against the Japanese invaders who launched the attack, firing the first shot of the armed anti-Japanese struggle and opening the curtain of China's armed anti-Japanese struggle.
Ma Zhanshan, also known as Xiufang, 1885, was born in Huaide, Jilin, and his ancestral home was in Feng Run, Hebei. Born in greenwood, he is good at riding and shooting. 1929 was appointed commander-in-chief of cavalry in Heilongjiang province by Zhang Xueliang. 1930 served as the garrison commander of Heihe River in Heilongjiang Province and the brigade commander of the 3rd Brigade of the Army Infantry. After the "September 18th Incident", Ma Zhanshan, then acting chairman and military commander-in-chief of Heilongjiang provincial government, was dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's policy of not resisting mistakes and was determined to resist. 165438+1On October 4th, under the cover of planes, artillery and armored vehicles, the Japanese army dispatched more than 4,000 people to attack the Nenjiang Bridge. China defenders fought back, and the Jiangqiao campaign officially started. China's army fought to the death with the Japanese in Nenjiang Bridge and Daxing area nearby. General Ma Zhanshan, while the soldiers, on the front line command. This battle, the Japanese army * * * lost 1000 people, which was the first big defeat since the September 18th Incident. China's army also paid a heavy price, with more than 600 casualties.
Nenjiang Bridge opened the first shot of armed resistance against Japanese invaders in the Anti-Japanese War, which was highly praised and supported by the people of China and inspired the patriotic enthusiasm of the people of China.
1932 In February, after the Japanese captured Harbin, Ma Zhanshan surrendered to Japan and became the governor of the puppet Heilongjiang Province, and later served as the military and political minister of the puppet Manchukuo. In April of the same year, he got rid of Japanese surveillance. Anyway, in "Sending Troops to Heihe River", he continued to electrify the anti-Japanese, exposed the inside story of Manchuria, and served as the commander-in-chief of the Northeast National Salvation Anti-Japanese Coalition. 1936, participated in the An Incident initiated by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, and later served as the commander-in-chief of Northeast Ting. From 65438 to 0940, he served as the chairman of Heilongjiang Province, and was later elected as an alternate executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee. 1946 served as deputy commander of northeast security. 1949 1 Together with Fu, Deng Baoshan and others, they accepted the conditions for China's * * * production party to peacefully liberate Peiping and declared an uprising.
Ma Zhanshan wrote poems about Kuang Lu.
Wei He
On July 1933, 1 1 day, General Ma Zhanshan, a member of the Kuomintang Military Committee laid off in Tianjin, came to Lushan Mountain.
Before boarding the Guling Mountain City, he first came to Zhu Ling at the west foot of Lushan Mountain, and visited the tombs of Yue Fei's mother and wife. Looking at the grave of Mrs. Yue, her mother-in-law, after 800 years of wind and rain, Ma Zhanshan was very sad. When Yue Fei joined the army, his mother-in-law tattooed the words "loyal to the country" on his back with a silver needle in her hand, and pointed to the Big Dipper hanging high in the sky, demanding that her son always walk in the direction of the Big Dipper and make every effort to recover the country. However, Yue Fei failed to realize her mother's wish. It is not that he is incompetent, that he is afraid of death, but that he is passionate and has nowhere to vent. He is loyal to the country and hard to repay! How he wishes he could go straight to Huanglong. "Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky." But I didn't expect to beat the strong enemy, but I died in the storm pavilion! Why not let future generations lament and dislike?
Ma Zhanshan once shed heroic tears in front of Yue Fei's tomb in the West Lake. Facing his mother-in-law's grave, he couldn't control his feelings. 193 1 In the September 18th Incident, the Japanese army invaded Liaoning and Jilin successively, and then attacked Heilongjiang Province. Ma Zhanshan, then acting chairman of Heilongjiang Province, ignored Chiang Kai-shek's non-resistance policy and led his troops to attack Nenjiang Bridge, which fired the first shot of the Chinese nation's anti-Japanese war and shocked China and foreign countries. Ma Zhanshan became an anti-Japanese hero admired by the whole country, and "Ma Zhanshan" brand cigarettes appeared in the market. Unexpectedly, Chiang Kai-shek was so indignant at Ma Zhanshan's anti-Japanese behavior that he was transferred, gave him a vacant position as a member of the Kuomintang Military Commission and left him in Tianjin. Watching the fellows in the three northeastern provinces being ravaged by the Japanese army, watching the enemy sharpen their swords and have the heart to annex the whole of China. As a senior general, he can't gallop on the battlefield, but just waste his time in mediocrity. How can it not break people's hearts? It's hard to get angry! He repeatedly asked Chiang Kai-shek to lead troops against Japan and was repeatedly reprimanded, but he still refused to give up. During his visit to Lushan this time, he still wanted to make a statement to Chiang Kai-shek, hoping that the whole country could resist Japan and recover the country at an early date. Although I know there is little hope, I still have to admonish and reason face to face.
Sure enough, Chiang Kai-shek, who was busy arranging the fifth encirclement and suppression campaign of the Red Army, didn't listen to Ma Zhanshan's advice at all. Instead, he rebuked him for being simple-minded and ignorant of state affairs. He must settle down first and feel uncomfortable at home. How can he concentrate on the excitement outside? Ma Zhanshan bluntly said that China's * * * production party has always insisted on resisting Japan, and sent Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi and Zhou Baozhong to the northeast to organize anti-Japanese volunteers to persist in the war of resistance under extremely difficult circumstances, which is admirable. At present, our enemies are killing each other and consuming the elite. How can we prevent the enemy from applauding and the people from grieving? Ma Zhanshan said impassioned, emotional place is still in tears, but Chiang Kai-shek was not tempted. When Ma Zhanshan left Chiang Kai-shek's villa "Beautiful House", his heart was very heavy.
On the afternoon of July 14, several newspaper reporters such as Central Daily News came to the "Xianyan Hotel" where Ma Zhanshan stayed to interview him. A reporter took out an empty cigarette case of "Ma Zhanshan" and asked him to sign it. Ma Zhanshan shook his head and said slowly, "I feel guilty and uneasy about praising the people of China and failing them!" He pointed to Guniuling outside the window and said, "China is like a big cow, and Japan is like a mouse. It seems impossible for mice to eat cows, but if cows stand still and let mice bite them, they will also be killed. As a soldier, I can't defend my country against foreign aggression. I let the great rivers and mountains be trampled on, and my father and brother are fish under the sword. It's really worrying, I can't sleep at night! " The reporters were moved by Ma Zhanshan's words.
The reporters had just left when General Li Liejun, who was also left out in the cold, visited Ma Zhanshan again. Li Liejun saw that Ma Zhanshan was in a bad mood and invited him out for a walk.
Two generals who advocated the war of resistance walked slowly along the "Dalin Road". Lushan Mountain in midsummer is very lively, with men and women, dignitaries coming and going, foreigners bling, and no one around. Ma Zhanshan said with a wry smile, "Lushan Mountain is a scene of singing and dancing." Li Liejun sighed and said, "I don't know how long this peaceful scene can last!"
Two people are talking while walking. Ma Zhanshan saw a poem carved on the stone wall beside the road, so he stopped to read the inscription of the poem: "Summer of Nineteen Years in Wu Mai, yujiang county County". Ma Zhanshan asked: "Wu Mai? Is it a famous' fire dart lawyer'? " Li Liejun nodded and said, "this is the man! We are heroes in Jiangxi! " Ma Zhanshan was in awe. Wu Mai is a famous lawyer in modern times, and once served as major general director of the political department of the third armed forces newly compiled by the National Revolutionary Army. Once he was on a business trip in Hankou to cross the British Concession, an Indian policeman yelled at him and asked him to take off his military uniform, take no guard, take no bus and walk alone in casual clothes. Wu Mai was furious and immediately returned to the army, leaving his general behind, and roared off. Since then, he has traveled all over the country, taking it as his duty to safeguard national rights and civil rights in China. 1929 At the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang held in Nanjing, Wu Mai, who attended the meeting as a special guest, rushed into the rostrum, pointed to Chiang Kai-shek and other officials, and asked loudly, "Why doesn't the so-called national revolutionary government revolutionize?" Don't think that you can do whatever you want when you are in power. You must know that people can't be bullied, and public anger is difficult to commit! Wu Mai's courage earned him a reputation as a "firefighting lawyer" who shocked China. 1930, Wu Mai borrowed the Dalin Temple in Lushan Mountain and wrote a book "Photographs of the Movement of Recovering Consular Jurisdiction", which recorded in detail the fierce struggle between him and the diplomatic envoys of various countries in China. "Xi Incident" broke out in 1936. Wu Mai, who was in Hongkong, was going to fly to Xi 'an to meet Zhang Xueliang, but before he left, he was assassinated by mobs at the age of 5 1.
Ma Zhanshan stopped and read the poem on the stone wall word for word: "When reading Dalin Temple, aviation descended from the sky. Spring is solid, and national humiliation and hatred are not satisfied. Unity is a city, and Siren must stand shoulder to shoulder. What does the wall mean? I would like to say * * *. " Ma Zhanshan applauded after reading it and said, "Good poem, good poem! Generous, honest, very to my liking! Worth being written by a firedart lawyer. Zhi Ming is here and it will exist forever. "
Li Liejun also nodded in praise: "Wu Mai stood on the side of the general and refused to start work. For the benefit of the country, he ran around and shouted everywhere, not afraid of senior officials or foreigners, and even put his life aside. It's admirable! "
Ma Zhanshan said, "Brother Liejun is right. As an important official of the court, you should do your best to be loyal to the country and should not covet personal comfort. The ancients also paid attention to a goose leaving a voice and a person leaving a name! "
Li Liejun said with a smile: "The battle of Jiangqiao, the year before last, which greatly destroyed the prestige of the Japanese aggressors, should also go down in history forever!"
Ma Zhanshan quickly shook his head and said: "Where, where, are all things of the past, not worth mentioning!" He paused, sighed again and said, "I wanted to defeat the enemy at Nenjiang Bridge, so China people are not easy to bully! Who wants to lose the three northeastern provinces in vain, and160,000 troops can't stop160,000 Japanese troops, so what do the villagers all over the country think! Brother Liejun, when can we have fun with the Japanese and watch him dominate the three northeastern provinces and watch him devour all China? " Li Liejun listen, silent speechless. They turned their heads and walked slowly back.
After dinner, Ma Zhanshan's mood is still difficult to calm down. It is dark, the bright moon rises from Dayue Mountain, and waves of pines roar in the valley. Ma Zhanshan wants to take a walk on the "Pine Tree Road". The guard says that it is windy at night, so don't go out. Ma Zhanshan said that the wind was afraid of nothing, and Songtao, the famous pine tree, just wanted to listen.
Moonlight, like water, shines on the winding mountain road through the dense pine branches. Ma Zhanshan strolls slowly in the pine forest, and the bursts of pines in the quiet world are particularly clear and real: sometimes it looks like a muffled thunder rumbling from a distance, but it becomes so vigorous and sharp at a close look, like a thousand troops galloping in Ye Ping; Sometimes a sudden gust of wind makes thousands of trees roar, rolling up stormy waves, violently hitting the sky, mountains and Ma Zhanshan's heart. Ma Zhanshan was very happy, and a wave of lofty sentiments surged from the bottom of my heart. He couldn't help reciting Yue Fei's "Red River": "Angry hair rushes to the crown, leaning against the column and resting in the rain. Looking up, screaming in the sky, strong and fierce. ..... Eat Land Rover meat when you are hungry, laugh, and drink Hun blood when you are thirsty. Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky. "
Ma Zhanshan stop-and-go, stop-and-go, suddenly saw something black in the pine forest ahead, like a group of restless Yu Tu (little tigers) in the dim moonlight. On closer inspection, it turned out to be a rock with different shapes. He couldn't help laughing and patting the stones, thinking, can these stones understand his mood, as if they were going to turn into vibrant tigers to eat the meat of the Japanese aggressors? !
Listening to the bursts of Songtao, patting the rocks around him, Ma Zhanshan was overwhelmed with emotion and passion, and blurted out an antique:
After returning from hundreds of battles, I traveled to the foothills of Kuangshan Mountain.
I like this stone as much as I like Fu.
Touching Shu and screaming, shaking trees.
Now that the national disaster is at hand, the national enemy has not yet recovered.
I'm afraid you won't sleep well
Why be a pawn? Wan Li flies eat meat.
This poem is impassioned and bears the legacy of Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong". It expresses its passion through "wild racing" and imagines the "Yamazaki Stone" in the forest as the "Yu Tu" (Little Tiger) in "Wan Li" who wants to fly over the mountains and devour the flesh of the Japanese invaders, so as to express the wishes of China soldiers and 400 million compatriots.
More than half a century has passed, and great changes have taken place in the world. Ma Zhanshan's desire to expel foreigners has long been realized. 1950 before his death in Beijing, he repeatedly told his children to follow the * * * production party, cherish the hard-won new life and build a new China.
Ma Zhanshan's poems are engraved on the rocks of Songshu Road, as clear as yesterday. After reading it, future generations can still touch the boiling heart and blood of the general.