Mary was born in Prestia Palace in London on February 18th, 1516. She is the only surviving child of Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of King Henry VIII of England. Her mother, Queen Catherine, had many miscarriages before Mary was born. One baby girl died young and three baby boys died young.
Mary was baptized three days after her birth and was baptized by Catholics in Greenwich Church. Her godparents include her great aunt Countess Devon, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey and the Duchess of Norfolk. In 152, the Countess of Salisbury was appointed as Mary's tutor, John Hersey was Mary's housekeeper, and his wife Anne (the daughter of the Earl of Kent) was one of Mary's attendants.
As a child, Mary was a sickly child, suffering from eye diseases, sinus problems and headaches.
Mary's first education came from Queen Catherine, who was Mary's first Latin teacher. Besides, Mary also studies Greek, science and music. In July 1521, when Mary was less than five years old, she was able to play the harpsichord in front of the guests in the palace, so she was deeply loved by Henry VIII. When she was 9 years old, her father Henry VIII gave her the title of Princess of Wales. In British history, this has always been the title of Crown Prince. Although Henry loves Mary very much, he is still very disappointed that he has no male heirs.
in p>1518, when Mary was 2 years old, Henry VIII engaged her to the prince of France, the son of French king Francois I. But three years later, the engagement was declared invalid. In 1522, she was arranged to marry her 22-year-old cousin, Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire, but a few years later, Charles V married a Portuguese princess, and Mary's marriage fell through. Francois I of France is once again regarded as the betrothed object of Mary, because their marriage will promote the two countries to become friends. The engagement signed later also guaranteed that Mary would marry Francois I or his second son, Henry, Duke of Orleans. However, wolsey, the chief adviser of Henry VIII, succeeded in preserving the allied relations between the two countries by other means, and Mary's political marriage lost its purpose. The marriage fell apart again.
in p>1525, Henry VIII sent Mary to the Welsh border area to administer the local area, of course, this was nominal. She has her own palace, built on Ladero Castle, and she also has many royal privileges that only the Prince of Wales has. Weavers and others call Mary Princess of Wales, although she has never received this title. As Mary grew up, her parents' marriage gradually fell into crisis. As there was no male heir, Henry VIII was anxious to marry another wife.
In p>1525, Henry VIII decided that Catherine could not give birth to a male heir for him, and had an affair with Anne Boleyn (also known as anne boleyn), a waitress. Henry VIII was determined to divorce Catherine, but Catherine insisted that she was the queen and refused to divorce Henry VIII. So Henry VIII expelled Catherine from the palace.
since p>1531, Mary has often been ill due to irregular menstruation and depression, but no one knows what the root cause of illness is, whether it is stress, adolescence or chronic illness. She can't see her mother who has been banished from the palace by Henry.
In January p>1533, Henry VIII secretly married anne boleyn, and then the British Parliament legislated to secede from the Holy See. Archbishop Cranmai then declared Henry's marriage with Catherine invalid and anne boleyn's marriage legal. On June 1st, 1533, anne boleyn was crowned Queen of England. Three months later, she gave birth to her daughter Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth I). Catherine was deprived of the title of queen and imprisoned in a low-class manor, and she could not recover from a long illness. Mary was also demoted as an illegitimate daughter and was not allowed to meet her mother.
in December p>1533, Mary was ordered to be the waitress of Elizabeth, her half-sister. During this period, Mary's health is still sick.
In the spring of p>1534, Henry VIII declared Catherine's daughter Mary to be illegitimate through the Law of Succession to the Throne. On various occasions, she is called Miss mary tudor, not Princess. Her father squeezed her out in every way, her maid was replaced, and then she was expelled from the palace and placed under house arrest, deprived of all titles. But she still stubbornly calls herself the legitimate daughter of the king, not an illegitimate daughter. This made Henry VIII very angry. He cancelled all possible marriages of his daughter, including the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (who is Mary's cousin) and the French King Francois (who is also Mary's cousin).
Therefore, Mary became ill frequently, and even the physician "abused" her. The relationship between Mary and Henry VIII is deteriorating. They haven't spoken for three years. Although both Mary and her mother are ill, she still can't see her mother. After Catherine died in 1536, her father Henry refused to allow Mary to attend the funeral, and Mary was extremely sad. Catherine was buried in Peterborough Cathedral, and Mary later began a semi-secluded life in Hertfordshire. In 1536, Henry VIII beheaded his second queen, anne boleyn, and remarried a waitress named jane seymour. Jane seymour gave birth to Prince Edward (later Edward VI of England) for Henry, and jane seymour died shortly after delivery. As Mary promised to be Edward's godmother and attended and helped to preside over jane seymour's funeral, Henry VIII recalled Mary to live in the palace and gave her back to her servant. Mary also didn't treat Elizabeth well from childhood to girlhood. Mary even gloated over Anne's execution and called her a witch. Although Anne died, the relationship between Mary and her father Henry did not improve. Mary tried to please her father by acknowledging his position as the supreme leader of the Church of England.
in p>1543, Henry VIII married his sixth wife catherine parr. Under the persuasion of catherine parr, in 1544, Henry passed the third act of succession, giving Mary and Elizabeth the right to inherit the throne again, after Prince Edward. But they are still illegitimate daughters in law.
in p>1547, Henry VIII died and Edward VI of England succeeded him. Because Edward was still young at that time, the regime fell to the Regent's Council, which was dominated by Protestants, who tried to make Protestantism the national religion of England. Mary is a devout Catholic, and religious differences are the source of disputes between Mary and Edward. In July 1553, after Mary's half-brother Edward VI of England died of lung disease, Mary staged a coup with the support of the Privy Council and imprisoned Edward's successor, Jane Grey Princess.
On October 1st, 1553, Mary was officially crowned Queen of England for Mary I. During Mary I's period, Britain resumed the dominance of Catholicism, and Mary I even killed more than 3 Protestants and got the title of "bloody Mary".
after Mary was crowned, in order to prevent the throne from falling into the hands of her Protestant sister Elizabeth, she agreed to marry the Spanish prince Philip (later Philip II), the son of King Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire.
on July 23, 1554, the two met for the first time, and two days later they were married. According to the content of the engagement, Philip was awarded the title of King of England. All documents must be signed by Philip and Mary at the same time. The Congress will only obey the joint orders of the two, and even the currency is engraved with the portraits of the king and queen. The engagement also indicates that Britain has no obligation to provide any military assistance to Spain when there is a battle in Spain.
In order to make Philip's title equal to Mary's, Charles V gave Philip the throne of Naples and Jerusalem. Mary thus became the Queen of Naples and the nominal Queen of Jerusalem. In 1556, Charles V abdicated, Philip succeeded to the throne, and Mary naturally became the Spanish queen.
After marriage, Mary I had two false pregnancies, but after all, she didn't give birth to any children.
on November 17th, 1558, Mary I passed away. Her half-sister Elizabeth succeeded to the throne for Elizabeth I.
Although Mary I had already indicated that she wanted to be buried next to her mother Catherine's grave, on December 14th, 1558, she was buried in a tomb in Westminster Abbey, and Elizabeth I was buried with her after her death.