Khrushchev studied in Kali Novka for four years. His teacher, Lydia Shevchenko, exposed him to some books that were banned in Russian times and encouraged him to continue his education. However, the poor economic situation at home forced him to drop out of school and moved to Yusov Card in Donbass with his parents in 1908. Khrushchev, 14 years old, became an excellent locksmith in the factory.
He married Ye Frosini Pisareva. The following year, their daughter Yuria Khrushchev was born. Two years later, they gave birth to another son, Leonid Khrushchev. He became interested in politics. In May 2002, Khrushchev raised donations for the families of metalworkers who died in the Lena River massacre. The local police informed the competent department of his factory, and the latter subsequently dismissed him. Then he went to work in the mine near Luzhenkov.
During this period, he participated in the propaganda activities of the Social Democratic Labor Party. He once intended to immigrate to America. 1965438+ On July 28th, 2004, when World War I broke out, Khrushchev was exempted from enlistment because of his excellent technical worker status. During this period, he actively participated in and led local strikes and anti-war demonstrations.
1965438+In March 2007, the February Revolution broke out in Petrograd, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated and the Russian Empire perished. On May 29th of the same year, Khrushchev was elected as the chairman of Ruqinkov Soviet. Because there were many political forces in Ukraine at that time, Khrushchev claimed that he didn't know their position at that time, and he didn't choose to join the Bolshevik camp until 19 18. Some people think that he actually prefers Menshevik's position. 19 18 In March, the Germans occupied Ukraine, and Khrushchev fled back to his hometown of Kali Novka. At the end of the year, he joined the Red Army and soon became a political commissar. The Russian civil war brought severe famine, and Khrushchev's wife YeFrosini Pisareva died of typhoid fever during her military service. After the civil war, Khrushchev returned to work in the coal mine in Donbas Ruchinkov.
192 1 year, Vladimir Lenin began to implement the new economic policy. Khrushchev achieved great success as the deputy director of Ruqinkov Coal Mine, so he was appointed as the supervisor of Hefu Coal Mine in nearby Pastout. However, he did not accept the appointment, but applied for a new training course for workers (later became Donetsk State Technical University). Because of politics, his teacher thinks that his academic performance is not ideal. 1922 Khrushchev married Marussi, but they divorced again soon.
Soon after, he married Ukrainian producer Nina Petrovna Coucal Shoko, but they never registered to get married until Khrushchev stepped down in 1965. 1923 12. Khrushchev attended the fourth meeting of the party committee in Sofka, and joined the committee in the same month, becoming a member of government officials. At first, he briefly supported Lev Trotsky's opposition and opposed Joseph Stalin's political line, but Khrushchev himself never admitted it afterwards. 1In July, 925, Khrushchev was appointed as the Party Secretary of Petrov-Malinschi District (formerly Sofka) near Stalinist Nott. Soon after, as one of several representatives of Stalinist, he attended the 14th Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) held in Moscow. 1925, under the promotion of lazare Kaganovich, secretary of the Ukrainian Party Committee, Khrushchev was promoted quickly. 1February, 926, he was promoted to the position of Organization Minister of Stalinist Party Committee and Deputy Secretary of Stalinist Party Organization. Nine months later, Khrushchev helped arrange the resignation of his boss, Moishe Inko. 1928, Ganovic transferred him to Kharkov, the capital of Ukraine, and promoted him to the position of Minister of Organization Department of the Central Committee of Ukraine. Soon after, he was transferred to Kiev.
1929 Khrushchev followed Ganovic to Moscow and entered Stalin Institute of Technology for further study. Although he didn't finish his studies in the end, he succeeded in politics. At that time, the technical college was full of anti-Stalin "Rightists". Khrushchev actively responded to the school party Committee's attack on those Rightists and assisted Pravda in criticizing and reporting them. He himself soon became the chairman of the meeting in the Bowman area where the school was located. Khrushchev also met Stalin's wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva at school. In his memoirs, he called her his "lucky lottery" and thought that she would mention her performance in front of Stalin.
However, some people think that Khrushchev's position was still very low at that time, and the key figure was actually Ka Ganovic. 1930, Khrushchev became the party secretary of the Presnaiski district of KraSi Nuo, the largest district in Moscow; 1932 became the second secretary of the Moscow party organization after Ganovic; 1934, he was appointed as the leader of the Moscow Party Organization and was elected to the Central Committee of the Soviet Union.
During this period, Khrushchev and Ka Ganovic devoted themselves to the construction of the Moscow subway. At one time, they asked workers to work continuously for 48 hours, ignoring the warning of collapse danger of technicians, which led to serious accidents. These accidents are only recorded as heroic deeds serving a great cause. Although the construction of the subway was not completed within the planned date, Khrushchev was awarded the Lenin Medal for his performance. 1935 was appointed as the first secretary of the Moscow state Council. 1934, Stalin launched a large-scale political purge, and Khrushchev was one of the most powerful advocates of Stalin's line. During the trial, he demanded the execution of grigori Zinoveyev and Lev Kamenev: "Anyone who rejoices in the success of our country and the victory of our party under the leadership of the great Comrade Stalin will find that we have only one thing to say about these mercenary fascist lackeys of Trotsky Zinoveyev Group, and that is to execute them." Khrushchev also helped arrest and destroy his own colleagues and friends. Of the 38 senior officials of the Moscow Municipal Party Committee and the Party organization of the provincial party committee, only three were spared. Among the 146 party secretaries in other cities and regions in Moscow, 136 people were "suppressed".
Khrushchev's memoir says that "almost all the people I worked with were arrested." According to the procedure, the cleaning operation must obtain an arrest warrant issued by Khrushchev, but he did little or no help to his friends and colleagues. 1On June 27th, 937, the Politburo set a quota for arresting 35,000 enemies in Moscow, of which about 5,000 were to be shot. Khrushchev demanded the removal of about 2,000 former rich peasants living in Moscow in order to partially fulfill the stipulated quota. On July 10, he reported to Stalin that about 4 1304 "criminals and rich peasants" had been arrested in various provinces and cities in Moscow. In the same document, he himself identified 8500 "first-class" enemies who should be executed.
But Khrushchev soon got into trouble. On 1923, he confessed his relationship with Trotskyism to Ka Ganovic, which prompted him to tell these things to Stalin. Stalin received Khrushchev. At first, Stalin advised him not to mention it in general party membership meeting, but at the suggestion of Vyacheslav Molotov, he thought it was better to be open and frank. So Khrushchev confessed his criminal behavior at the conference and added that Stalin "knew my mistake". As a result, his "confession" won everyone's applause and was immediately re-elected as a member of the Party Committee.
1at the end of 937, Stalin appointed Khrushchev as the first secretary of Ukraine. Khrushchev arrived in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, on 1938 65438+ 10. After he took office, the pace of political cleansing in Ukraine has obviously accelerated. In 1938,119, people were arrested, while in 1938- 1940, the number of people arrested reached 165565. All members of the Political Bureau and Secretariat of communist party were arrested except one, and the whole government agency was replaced. However, Khrushchev also realized that quite a few people were innocent. He said at the 14th Party Congress in Ukraine: "Comrades, we must tear off all the disguises of the people's enemies and beat them mercilessly. But we can't let a loyal Bolshevik get hurt. We must fight against the slanderers. " 1941On June 22nd, Nazi Germany suddenly launched the "Barbarossa Plan" to invade the Soviet Union, while Khrushchev was serving in Kiev. Stalin appointed him as a political commissar, and his authority was the same as that of a commander. No order can be issued without his signature. Stalin ordered Khrushchev's Red Army Southwest Army to defend Kiev, but the Red Army was besieged by the Germans in Kiev, and Khrushchev, Xie Miao Buyoni, Semyon Timoshenko and other generals broke through and fled. Germany claimed that they captured 655,000 people in the battle of Kiev. According to the Soviet Union, only 15054 1 of the 677085 Soviet troops under siege escaped. Marshal Georgi zhukov recalled that when he tried to persuade Stalin to retreat before the war, Khrushchev told Stalin that Kiev could be held. According to Khrushchev's memoirs, he and Butjanni decided to mobilize troops to stop the German siege until Timoshenko of the central government took Butjanni's place. He said bitterly in his memoirs: "All this is very irrational and ignorant from a military point of view. It is difficult for me to find the right words. For "Don't give in! "There is an incorrect and wrong understanding of this slogan. This is what happens when you don't give in. We failed to rescue these troops and withdraw them. As a result, they got lost ... This could have been avoided! "
On May 1942 and 12, Timoshenko and Khrushchev launched a large-scale counterattack against the Germans in the Kharkov area, and * * * 640,000 Red Army troops went into battle, which is known as the Second Battle of Kharkov. In the first few days, the counterattack went very smoothly. However, on May 17, the German army launched a pincer attack from the flank, which put the Soviet army in danger. Because Stalin refused to cancel the counterattack plan, the Soviet army was finally surrounded by the Germans, and * * * lost 267,000 people, including more than 200,000 captured. After the war, Stalin dismissed Tymoshenko, dissolved the southwest war zone and recalled Khrushchev to Moscow. Stalin did not execute Khrushchev, but sent him to the front. Khrushchev arrived at the front line of Stalingrad in August 1942, and the battle of Stalingrad started soon. His main job is to check the combat readiness and morale of the troops, personally interrogate German prisoners, and recruit some prisoners of war for propaganda work. Khrushchev was almost killed once during this period. He also put forward a counterattack plan with Andrei Elemenko, but the High Command and the General Staff had accepted zhukov's Uranus action before them. The Soviet army finally held the city at the cost of heavy casualties and surrounded all the 330 thousand Germans of the German Sixth Army.
Shortly after the Battle of Stalingrad, Khrushchev suffered a family tragedy. On March 1943, his son Leonid, a pilot, died in an air crash. There are many rumors about Leonid's death: one rumor said that Leonid survived the plane crash and was captured by the Germans. Later, he took refuge in the Germans until Stalin ordered the Soviet army to capture him and execute him.
Some people say that Nikita Khrushchev begged for his son's life, but Stalin refused his request. However, historical researchers found no trace of Leonid in the interrogation records of German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union. Leonid's comrade-in-arms, Captain Chamolin, later admitted that he was hiding something. It was he who saw Leonid's plane break up. The purpose of this seems to be to avoid the responsibility that may be brought to him by the death of the son of a member of the Politburo. In the same year, Leonid's wife, Liuba Khrushcheva, was arrested by the internal affairs authorities and sentenced to five years' reform through labour. Her daughter Yuria was brought up by Khrushchev and his wife.
1June, 943, Khrushchev joined the army in the Battle of Kursk. He claimed to the Moscow headquarters that a German deserter told him that the Germans would attack the next day, but this was considered an exaggeration by his biographer. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, Kiev was recovered with the Soviet Union. Soon after, Khrushchev was appointed as the chairman of the Ukrainian People's Committee and continued to serve as the first secretary of the Republican Central Committee. The war brought huge losses to Ukraine: about 5.3 million people were killed, and10.6 million industrial enterprises and 28,000 collective farms were destroyed. After Khrushchev returned to Ukraine, he devoted himself to re-strengthening the party's control, rebuilding collective farms and cracking down on nationalist guerrillas in western Ukraine. 1944 Soviet troops reoccupied western Ukraine and recruited 750,000 soldiers. All 19-50-year-old men, whether in good health or not, went into battle after several months of simple training. Other Ukrainians refused to recruit and chose to join the nationalist guerrillas. Khrushchev was busy running around, during which he also visited his hometown of Kali Novka. He repeatedly proposed to expand the territory of Ukraine, but these suggestions were rejected by Stalin. Khrushchev was rewarded for his reconstruction work in Ukraine. 1944 On his 50th birthday in April, he won the second Lenin Medal. Khrushchev's collectivization of agriculture in western Ukraine caused dissatisfaction among local people, who resisted collectivization with the help of armed nationalists. Khrushchev actively suppressed ethnic militants, such as Ukrainian rebels. 1February 944 to1May 946, the Soviet army and police reported killing 1 10825 people and arresting 250676 people, accounting for 1944 people. Khrushchev also arrested Catholic leaders, dissolved the Catholic Church and later merged with the Russian Orthodox Church. He also planned the assassination of Catholic priests.
From 65438 to 0945, Ukraine suffered a large-scale drought. However, at this time, 1946, the state increased the grain quota, and part of it was supplied to the capitalist allies in Eastern Europe. This led to a serious famine in Ukraine, and a tragic picture of many people eating people appeared. Khrushchev wrote to Stalin in 1946 65438+ 10 65438+May, demanding that the grain quota be reduced. In February 65438, he suggested to Stalin to issue supply cards to ensure the minimum food security for the rural population. But it was condemned by Stalin. Khrushchev personally came to Moscow, and Stalin finally agreed to provide limited food aid to Ukraine. But Khrushchev also lost Stalin's trust in him. 1947 In March, Stalin sent Ka Ganovic to Ukraine to assist in the work, and the Central Parliament of Ukraine elected Ka Ganovic as the first party secretary.
After Kaganovich arrived in Kiev, Khrushchev fell ill. His illness seems to be political. In fact, he caught a cold and later became pneumonia. His children said that he had been seriously ill. After his recovery, Khrushchev took his family to the seaside in Latvia on the advice of a doctor. At the end of 1947, Ganovic was recalled to Moscow, and Khrushchev became the first Ukrainian party secretary again. His last two years in Ukraine were very smooth. The grain harvests of 1947 and 1948 exceeded the planned targets. By the middle of 1949, collectivization had merged 60% of farmers' property. In order to realize his ideal of "eliminating the difference between urban and rural areas", Khrushchev also tried to merge collective farms into agricultural cities. He set up a model website and gave it to Stalin as his 70th birthday gift in June 1949 10. Khrushchev spoke highly of Ukrainians in his memory: "My last year in Ukraine was 1949 ... and my happiest year. Our success in agriculture has improved Ukraine's status and realized the aspirations of Ukrainian leaders in the eyes of the people of the whole country ... However, it is far from enough to attribute the credit to my personal name. I am Russian myself. I don't want to belittle the Russians, but I must attribute our credit to the Ukrainian people. " 1949, Stalin recruited Khrushchev from Ukraine to Moscow, probably to balance the forces of lavrenti beria and Georgi Malenkov, who are generally considered as Stalin's successors. In the last few years, Stalin greatly reduced the number of party meetings, and basically handled official business at all-night banquets. Stalin used to call the inner circle (beria, malenkov, Khrushchev, bulganin, etc. ) Go to the Kremlin in the western United States to watch his favorite cowboy movies, and then go to his villa for dinner around 1 in the morning, often drinking Khrushchev and others as drunk as a fiddler. Stalin also liked to ask them to dance for fun, and Khrushchev had to perform the traditional Ukrainian dance Gopak for him.
During this period, beria and Malenkov used the Leningrad case to arrest and execute their competitors. The doctor case initiated by Stalin got them into trouble. Khrushchev skillfully handled the relationship between them and consolidated his power. During his tenure as secretary of the Moscow Municipal Party Committee, Khrushchev thoroughly reformed the housing in Moscow by using prefabricated reinforced concrete houses and solved the housing crisis in the city. This cheap and simple house was later called "Khrushchev's House". At the same time, he also actively plans to merge the collective farms near Moscow into a larger agricultural city, although such a large scale makes it impossible to implement effective management. 195 1 In Pravda on March 4th, Khrushchev's speech on agricultural urbanization occupied two pages. But Stalin didn't like his suggestion, and Pravda immediately revised his point of view. At the plenary meeting of the Moscow Party in April, everyone slammed Khrushchev. Fortunately, however, Stalin finally dealt with him quite lightly.
On March 1953, Stalin suffered a serious stroke. Khrushchev and others took turns to stand by Stalin. On March 5th, Stalin finally passed away. Khrushchev commented in his memoirs: "Stalin regarded people who disagreed with him as' enemies of the people'." He said that they wanted to restore the old order. To this end, the "public enemies" colluded with the international reactionary forces. Hundreds of thousands of honest people died as a result. In those days, everyone lived in fear ... how can all this be forgiven and forgotten now? Never! After Stalin's death, Malenkov became the new chairman of the Council of Ministers, while beria was in charge of the secret police force and the national nuclear missile program. 1953 14 in March, malenkov resigned as secretary of the central Committee, and the secretariat consisted of five people, including Khrushchev. Khrushchev became the first secretary of the Central Committee, but the power of this position was only concentrated on propaganda and ideology, and political and economic affairs fell into the hands of malenkov and beria. Shortly after beria took office, he launched a series of bold liberalization reforms: Amnesty, release and reform of millions of political prisoners held in labor camps; Terminate the Russian policy towards the Soviet Union countries and restore the status of the national language; And brewing to merge East Germany and West Germany into a neutral Germany. Khrushchev thinks that beria will kill them sooner or later, so he obeys beria on the surface, but secretly conspires with malenkov, voroshilov, KarGanovic, Molotov and others to overthrow them. 1953 At the Kremlin meeting on June 26th, malenkov and others suddenly besieged beria and arrested him with the help of soldiers such as Moskalenko and zhukov. In the same year, beria was executed in June 5438+65438+2+August for treason, terrorism and counter-revolution.
After beria was executed, malenkov gradually strengthened his influence in the government, while Khrushchev constantly strengthened his power in the party. 1In August, 953, Marenkov put forward the agricultural policy of reducing taxes, increasing the state's purchase price of grain, and encouraging farmers to operate small plots of private plots of land. In order to regain prestige, Khrushchev put forward policies such as raising the purchase price and strengthening farmers' private plots in September, and further planned to reclaim wasteland in Kazakhstan and Siberia. 1954 During the spring and summer, Khrushchev encouraged more than 300,000 volunteers to reclaim land in the east. Due to lack of investigation and preparation, this movement became an agricultural and ecological disaster in a few years. Khrushchev also opened the Kremlin to the public, which had a great response among the people. At the same time, the plan to bring down malenkov in secret is also going on in secret. Khrushchev asked the court investigation team to pursue the case of 1949 Leningrad, knowing that this investigation would eventually involve malenkov. During 1954, Khrushchev gradually gained the support of bulganin, Molotov, Ka Ganovic, voroshilov, mikoyan and others. 1At the Supreme Soviet meeting in February, 955, Khrushchev and his supporters accused malenkov of his responsibility in the Leningrad case, and finally malenkov was dismissed as prime minister.
After the fall of malenkov, the contradiction between Khrushchev and Molotov escalated gradually. Molotov opposed Khrushchev's reclamation policy and preferred to invest in cultivated land. He also expressed dissatisfaction with Khrushchev's housing policy. In foreign policy, Molotov insisted that Yugoslavia was a revisionist country, but the delegation led by Khrushchev left Molotov and took the initiative to visit Belgrade in May 1955. At the plenary meeting in July, Khrushchev and all other members of the presidium besieged Molotov, who was forced to admit his mistake. Khrushchev did not immediately liquidate Molotov. After the meeting, he still served as foreign minister and member of the presidium.
196 1 year, in order to prevent the resurgence of personality cult, Khrushchev made a decision that shocked the world-moving Stalin's body out of Lenin's mausoleum. Main items: Top 20 Soviets.
1at the end of 955, thousands of political prisoners were released from gulag labor camp and returned home. After the Soviet Party Congress, the number of people who implemented the policy of rehabilitation has reached hundreds of thousands. Khrushchev played a leading role in collecting materials, urging retrial of cases and releasing prisoners. He also suggested investigating and reporting Stalin's crimes. This caused the opposition of Molotov, Ka Ganovic and others.
1956 February 14-25, the 20th Congress of Soviet communist party was held in Moscow, Kremlin. The meeting was attended by 65,438+0,355 representatives of the Soviet Union, envoys of workers' political parties from 55 countries and leaders of all industrialized countries in Eastern Europe. At the meeting, Khrushchev attacked the cult of personality within the party several times, but did not mention Stalin's name. On the eve of the meeting, from the late night of February 24th to the early morning of February 25th, Khrushchev gave a secret report entitled "On Personality Worship and Its Consequences" for four and a half hours, but it was not discussed after the report.
This opened the lid of the Stalin problem in the Soviet Union. This has caused a great shock in the international community. In the Secret Report on Personality Worship and Its Consequences, Khrushchev emotionally condemned Stalin's crime of cleaning and expelling ethnic minorities, lashed out at the disaster brought by his agricultural policy, and criticized his incompetence in military command, and finally said that he would return to the Leninist line. The speech lasted for four hours, and the content of the report shocked the delegates to "the venue was silent, and even the sound of the needle falling to the ground could be heard". At the end of the meeting, Khrushchev asked the delegates "not to spread the topic outside the party, let alone let the media know". However, in March, Khrushchev distributed a report text as a material to the Party organization for discussion and study by 7 million party member and 6,543,800 young league members. Meanwhile, Israeli intelligence agencies obtained the secret report in Warsaw and sent it to the CIA in April. On July 4th, 1956 was published by new york Times. The publication of the secret report brought a violent political shock to the capitalist group, which triggered a series of riots in the Soviet Union and its satellite countries.
The publication of Khrushchev's secret report aroused strong dissatisfaction among Georgian nationalists and Stalinists. On the occasion of commemorating the third anniversary of Stalin's death, they held mourning activities for Stalin in Tbilisi and other big cities, which gradually evolved into protests against secret reports. 1From March 4th, 956, the demonstrators in Tbilisi held high the portrait of Stalin, chanted slogans such as "Long live Stalinism" and "Down with Khrushchev", and forcibly commandeered buses and trams to March in the city. On March 10, the Soviet authorities used troops and tanks to disperse the demonstrators, and the troops clashed with the demonstrators, and finally the soldiers opened fire on the crowd. As there is no official report, the estimated number of casualties is between 106 and 800, with hundreds injured and more than 200 arrested. Main items: Poznan incident, Polish October incident and Hungarian October incident.
1956, Bo Leslaw Beirut, the Polish people's leader who was recuperating in Moscow because of lung disease, suffered a heart attack while reading Khrushchev's secret report and died in March 12. Facing the rising anti-Soviet and anti-Russian sentiment in Poland, Khrushchev came to Warsaw in March to attend the funeral in Beirut and gave a vague explanation to the Polish government. 1On June 28th, 956, a large-scale strike demonstration took place in Poznan. Demonstrators put up the slogan "We want bread" and asked the Polish authorities to raise workers' wages and reduce taxes. Due to the government's lack of sincerity in negotiations, the parade eventually turned into a riot. On the 29th, the Polish government sent armored troops into Poznan and quelled the riot the next day. According to official statistics, the Poznan incident killed 74 people, injured 800 people and arrested 658 people.
1in July, 956, the seventh plenary session of the second Central Committee of Poland elected Wadysaw Gomuka, who had been imprisoned for "right-wing nationalism", as the leader of Poland, and dismissed Konstantin rokossovsky, the defense minister sent by the Soviet Union. Khrushchev immediately invited the Polish Party to hold consultations after hearing the news, but the Polish Party refused the invitation on the grounds of convening the Eighth Plenary Session. 65438+1October 19 Khrushchev suddenly flew unilaterally to Warsaw. As soon as he got off the plane, he shouted angrily at the Polish representative, while the Soviet army was advancing on Warsaw. Persuaded by Mulka, Khrushchev finally agreed that the Soviet Union would not use armed intervention and transfer rokossovsky back to the Soviet Union.
1955, the Hungarian people and Stalinist leader Rakosi Matyas expelled the reformist Prime Minister nagy imre from the party on charges of "right-wing separatism", which turned Hungary into a powder keg, while Khrushchev's secret report completely ignited Hungary. 1956,10123 On October, Budapest students held a large-scale demonstration in Poland to celebrate the coming to power of Gor Mulka, demanding that Hungary carry out similar reforms and re-appoint Najib as Prime Minister. Demonstrators also knocked down the statue of Stalin. Late that night, Hungarian security forces opened fire on the demonstrators. 101On the morning of October 24th, Soviet tanks entered Budapest, which aggravated the contradictions in Hungary. 10/0 On October 30th, Khrushchev decided to withdraw the Hungarian Soviet troops at the suggestion of zhukov and others. However, the situation in Hungary is completely out of control. Angry people attacked the headquarters of Budapest Production Party and lynched several security policemen. At the same time, Najib called on Hungary to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact. After some hesitation, Khrushchev issued an order on1October 3 1 day, and the Soviet army then entered Hungary again. 165438+1October 4th, the revolution was finally suppressed by the Soviet Union. In Hungary, 2,500 people died and13,000 people were injured. Naji was also executed on 1958. The riots in eastern Europe damaged Khrushchev's reputation, and his opponents took the opportunity to unite quickly. Molotov, Ganovic, voroshilov, malenkov, bulganin and Khrushchev's disciple Dimitri SchePiloff conspired to attack Khrushchev. 1957 June 18, bulganin welcomed Khrushchev to attend the ministerial meeting in the Kremlin. At the meeting, Molotov, Ganovic and malenkov launched fierce criticism and siege on Khrushchev, and the number advantage of the opposition put it at a very unfavorable position. Khrushchev and mikoyan then used delaying tactics to postpone the meeting until the next day. In June, 5438+09, Khrushchev called for a plenary meeting of the Central Committee, because many local officials were appointed, and his supporters were also prepared to transport the members to Moscow. On June 22, a plenary session was held. At the meeting, zhukov severely criticized Molotov, Ka Ganovic and malenkov for the crimes committed in Stalin's era, and the opposition was finally defeated. Khrushchev accused the opposition of being an "anti-Party clique" and expelled them from the Central Presidium. Molotov was demoted to the Soviet ambassador to Mongolia, and other opposition members were transferred to other places outside Moscow.
Zhukov became an important member of the presidium after helping Khrushchev eliminate the "anti-Party clique", and his personal prestige was increasing day by day, which aroused Khrushchev's suspicion and fear. 195710 June19, when zhukov embarked on a voyage to the balkans, Khrushchev, with the support of some major generals, passed a resolution condemning zhukov in the presidium. Zhukov returned to Moscow five days after hearing the news, and the plenary session of the Central Committee unanimously criticized him and dismissed him from his post as defense minister. 19641June14th, when Khrushchev was on vacation on the coast of the Black Sea, Brezhnev and others staged a coup in Moscow (according to the memoirs of the late Chairman of the National Security Council, Shemi Casny, Brezhnev suggested Xie to assassinate Khrushchev by different means, but Xie disagreed), and Khrushchev was dismissed from all his posts and forced to "retire".
After stepping down, Khrushchev lived in seclusion in the countryside. During the period of house arrest, he wrote a memoir, describing his political career in detail and revealing the inside story of many important events. After being discovered by the KGB, Brezhnev banned him from writing memoirs and took eavesdropping and other means to strengthen the monitoring of his words and deeds. Khrushchev protested: "Even my toilet has been bugged! You spend the tax paid by ordinary people just to eavesdrop on my fart? " The enraged Khrushchev didn't give in until he finished his personal memoir. When the Soviet KGB confiscated the manuscript and tapes, his family secretly transported a copy of the manuscript to the west and published it by Braun Jr.
1971September 1 1, Khrushchev, who was once all-powerful, died in silence and was buried in the cemetery of the new holy monastery.
At that time, the major newspapers in the Soviet Union did not even highlight his name in the report, but the attention of the masses made Brezhnev order the closure of the New Saints Cemetery.