It was Chiang Kai-shek's consistent practice to betray national interests wantonly. As early as August 14, 1945, the day before Japan surrendered, Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang government signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" with the Soviet Union. Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang government recognized the independence of Outer Mongolia as the main condition in exchange for the Soviet Union sending troops to Northeast China on August 14, the day before Japan surrendered. Although the then Kuomintang government of Chiang Kai-shek had doubts about the so-called voting in Outer Mongolia on January 6, 1946, it still officially recognized the independence of Outer Mongolia. So far, the North China of Outer Mongolia, which had lost 1.8 million square kilometers of North China and was due to lose 1.8 million square kilometers, became an inward concave shape. The border line has receded and indented for more than a thousand kilometers, and the territory of northern China has changed from a full shape to a crescent shape.
At that time, the Chinese central government and the Beiyang government regained Outer Mongolia, and Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang government sold out its national sovereignty
The October Revolution broke out in Russia in 1917, and then its government in 1917 In 1919, he issued two declarations against China, declaring the abolition of the unequal treaties signed between Tsarist Russia and China, but in fact continued to support the independence of Outer Mongolia. Soviet Russia issued a statement against Mongolia on July 25, 1919, stating that Outer Mongolia was an independent country and requested to establish diplomatic relations with it. In August 1919, the princes and princes of the Three Mongolian Leagues (Che League, Tu League, and Hanchen League) jointly submitted a secret letter to Chen Yi, the governor of Kulun Town, voluntarily canceling the autonomy and restoring the old system.
Xu Shichang On November 7, 1919, because both the Russian White Army and the Red Army were caught in the Soviet Union's civil war and had no time to take care of Outer Mongolia, the President of the Republic of China Xu Shichang and the government leader Duan Qirui decided to send troops. In Outer Mongolia, Xu Shuzheng was sent to lead his troops into Ulaanbaatar, Outer Mongolia, where he kidnapped "Cabinet Minister" Badma Dorzi, placed Living Buddha Jebtsundamba under house arrest, and summoned Chen Yi back to Beijing to completely deny the "China-Russia Statement". On November 17 of the same year, Outer Mongolia formally petitioned Xu Shichang, President of the Republic of China, to abrogate all treaties between Russia and Mongolia and return all Mongolia to China. On November 22, the "Proclamation of the President of China" ordered the cancellation of Outer Mongolia's autonomy and the restoration of the old system. At the same time, the "China-Russia Statement" and the "Kyakhta Agreement" were cancelled, and the Beijing government established the "Northwestern Border Preparatory Office of the Republic of China" in Kulun, with Xu Shuzheng stationed in Outer Mongolia.
In 1919, Sukh Baatar and Choibashan, who were both herders, sought the help of Communist International to establish an independent Mongolia. In 1920, with the help of Lenin, Sukhbaatar and Choibashan formed the Mongolian Communist Party, the Mongolian People's Party.
On July 9, 1920, Duan Qirui stepped down, and Xu Shuzheng led his army back to the mainland. He was wanted and fled into the Japanese embassy. Coulomb only left some troops behind. On February 11, 1921, during the Soviet Civil War, Belarusian Ungeren's army invaded Kulun with the support of the Japanese Kwantung Army. The Chinese garrison withdrew from Kulun, part of which returned to the interior, and part of which, led by Gao Zaitian, moved to Buying City to prepare for another battle. On March 18, the Mongolian People's Party Army, with the support of the Soviet Red Army, captured the city of Merchants and drove away the Chinese garrison. Since China's domestic war between Zhili and Fengtian has not yet ended, the warlords of various factions have no time to do anything and can only sit back and watch Mongolia become independent with the help of the Soviet Union.
On July 11, 1921, Outer Mongolia established a pro-Soviet constitutional monarchy government. On November 25, Outer Mongolia established the "People's Revolutionary Regime" and signed the "Soviet-Mongolian Amendment Treaty" with the Soviet Union in 1922. The various factions of the Beiyang warlords, such as Duan Qirui, Zhang Zuolin, Cao Kun, Wu Peifu, etc., were busy fighting among themselves and had no choice. As a form of diplomacy, Beijing's Xu Shichang government issued a statement not to recognize Outer Mongolia's independence.
At the end of World War II, the Allies were trying to get the Soviet Union to declare war on Japan. The United States and Britain signed a treaty with the Soviet Union on February 11, 1945, involving Outer Mongolia, without notifying China and other allies. and the Yalta Agreement (also known as the "Yalta Secret Treaty") over China's sovereignty. It requires that the status quo of Outer Mongolia ("Mongolian People's Republic") must be maintained and that the British and American governments must recognize it.
On August 14, 1945, the government of the Republic of China agreed to the relevant contents of the Yalta Agreement.
Song Ziwen, Wang Shijie and others signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" with the Soviet government under the authorization of Chairman of the National Government Chiang Kai-shek, allowing the decision to recognize the Mongolian People's Revolution based on the results of a fair referendum. and country. As a result of the referendum on October 20, 97.8% of the citizens approved of Outer Mongolia’s independence from China.
The so-called "referendum" is just a method adopted by Chiang Kai-shek to get down the stairs. On October 20, 1945, the Outer Mongolian authorities single-handedly conducted this "referendum" (registered vote). According to reports from Outer Mongolia: There are 490,000 voters in the country, and "98% of the voters participated in the vote and unanimously approved independence." Lei Fazhang, the executive deputy minister of the Ministry of Interior of the Nationalist Government who was ordered to observe the "referendum" in Outer Mongolia, later commented on the vote: "The staff responsible for the voting were actually supervising the people's vote in the name of guidance, and even "This referendum is said to be an act by the people of Outer Mongolia to reaffirm their desire for independence to the world. In fact, under the supervision of government personnel, it is difficult for the people to express their free will by publicly signing their votes to express their support for independence." ”
On January 5, 1946, Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang recognized the independence of the Mongolian People’s Republic of China. The National Government Announcement stated: "The people of Outer Mongolia held a referendum on October 20, 2014. The central government sent Deputy Minister of the Interior Lei Fazhang to observe. According to reports from the people in charge of voting in Outer Mongolia, the citizens The voting results have confirmed that the people of Outer Mongolia are in favor of independence. Based on the deliberation of the Supreme National Defense Committee, it has been decided to recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia. In addition to the Executive Yuan instructing the Ministry of the Interior to formally notify the Outer Mongolia government of this resolution, this announcement is hereby made. ."