Sima Fu was the Emperor of Wei in the Five Dynasties and moved to Taifu. He was also the Taizai in the Western Jin Dynasty, and he was named King Anping. A very important person? .

when evaluating Sima Fu, Fang Xuanling, the author of the Book of Jin, said that he? Morality inside, loyalty outside? Wang Yinglin, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, said that he? Not as good as Lu Shu [x: and], not as good as Zhu Quanyu? .

Is Sima Fu a loyal minister or a traitor? Today, let's talk about this topic.

People who think that Sima Fu is a loyal minister mainly rely on the following three things:

First, after Cao Mao was killed by Cheng Ji, Sima Fu threw himself on Cao Mao's body and cried. I am guilty of your majesty's murder! ?

second, after Cao Huan gave up, Sima Fu took Cao Huan's hand and said? I will be a loyal minister of Wei until I die! ?

Third, on his deathbed, Sima Fu claimed to be? Sima Fu, the great Wei Zhongchen? .

To sum up, Sima Fu is a true and good loyal minister, quite different from other rebels and thieves in Sima family.

People who think that Sima Fu is a traitor mainly rely on the following four things:

First, when Sima Yi decided to launch? The change of Gao Ping Mausoleum? When cleaning up Cao Shuang, Sima Fu and Sima Shi were in charge of controlling the palace gate.

second, when Si Mazhao decided to abolish the emperor Cao Fang, Sima Fu took the lead in signing the agreement.

Third, after Cao Mao was killed, Sima Fu did nothing but cry bitterly.

fourth, Sima Fu keeps saying that he is? Wei Zhongchen? However, he accepted Sima Yan's official position and throne.

To sum up, Sima Fu is a treacherous court official who is duplicitous in appearance, no different from other rebels and thieves in Sima family. Sima Fu is a loyal minister? In fact, it is very easy to refute: because Sima Fu's performance does have a show element; ? Sima Fu is a traitor? In fact, it is easy to refute Sima Fu's point of view: because he has been living in a tangle, he was the most painful person in the process of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty, but his strength was limited, so he could not put righteousness above family interests.

That's the fun of interpreting history: historical materials are all ready-made, and how to interpret them has different opinions. In my opinion, it is a little too shallow to simply characterize Sima Fu by loyalty and treachery.

when a person can dance in the most conspicuous place on the most political stage, it is difficult to define his every move with a simple word. Because in that position, you can't talk or do anything casually.

We can only say that Sima Fu is a successful man: he is a very important official himself, and his descendants are also in high positions.

As for loyalty and treachery, they are all used to promote the main theme. I really want to find out. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, how many people dare to say that they are clean?

First of all, none of Cao Wei's ministers were clean, because they ate Hanlu all their lives, but later they worked for Cao Wei.

Secondly, none of the ministers in Dongwu was clean, because Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor without any legal support.

Finally, none of the officials in Shu and Han dynasties were clean, because when Emperor Xian was still alive, Liu Bei climbed to the throne of the emperor. Except for one? Han? Outside the banner, and the so-called? Han Chen? It doesn't matter much, it's just a local regime.

when Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei to become emperor, he said it very bluntly: don't people follow you to conquer the world in the hope of achieving positive results in the future? If you are not the emperor, how can everyone make a positive result? Who wants to hang out with you in the future?

Liang said:? In the past, Wu Han, Geng Yan and others initially advised Sai-jo to be the emperor, and Sai-jo resigned. Counting four, Geng Chun said: There are heroes in the world, and there is hope. If you don't follow the discussion, the scholar-officials will each seek the Lord and do nothing from the public. The sai-jo was so sincere that he promised it. Today, Cao Shi usurped the Han Dynasty, and there is no owner in the world. The great king, the Liu Miao, rose from the world, and today is the throne, which is also appropriate. Scholar-officials who have worked hard with the king for a long time also desire the merits of size as pure words. ? The late Lord is then the throne. ? History of the Three Kingdoms? Volume 35? Shu Shu Wu? Zhuge Liang Chuan

As long as everyone understands such a fact, they should be able to draw a conclusion: In such troubled times, what is the use? Loyalty and treachery? To define someone has no special value.

After the demise of Soochow, a senior official in the Western Jin Dynasty sarcastically satirized the surrender of Soochow, an official of the central government in the Western Jin Dynasty. Look at you this pair of baiwenhang appearance, Dongwu in your hands, not perish. ?

as soon as this was said, the minister of Soochow immediately refuted without mercy. Who are you to laugh at us? Are you a natural loyal minister in the Western Jin Dynasty? Not to mention you, even your son and grandson, I'm afraid they don't have the courage to say such shameless things! ?

you see, it doesn't seem easy to label someone as a traitor.

In fact, at the turn of Wei and Jin Dynasties, some people supported Cao Shi and others supported Sima's family, so it doesn't matter who is noble or despicable. However, based on the logic of imperial politics, it is obvious that those who support Cao Shi are morally noble and those who support Sima's are morally despicable.

the reason why this happened is also very simple: only by adhering to this logic can we realize what Qin Shihuang said? I, II, III, and forever? .

If confined to the logic of imperial politics, Sima Fu's loyalty or treachery can be summed up in one word. But the question is: As one of the big shots in that era, how could Sima Fu be so simple?

If you really want to understand Sima Fu, you must interpret it from the perspective of interests, which is something that imperial politics and traditional history books will not tell you. Listen to me slowly.

From beginning to end, Sima Fu has the strength to compete with Sima Yi.

as I said at the beginning, Sima Fu was the emperor of the five dynasties of Wei, which shows that Sima Fu has always had the strength to compete with Sima Yi, at least on the surface.

When Cao Cao died, Sima Fu took the lead to stand up and called on everyone to unite closely around Cao Pi, so the second generation of Cao Wei's leading group was formally established.

When the ministers first heard of the Emperor's collapse, they gathered and wailed, and there was no return. Fu snapped at Chao yue:? Today's big trip is driving, and the world is shaking. It is time to worship the heir and go to Zhenhai, but cry evil? ? Fu and Shangshu reached an agreement with the ministers to guard against the guards and have a funeral. The Prince was appointed to the throne for Emperor Wen. ? The Book of Jin? Volume 37? Before the Seventh

Gao Pingling Revolution, Sima Fu paid homage to the official secretary and was equivalent to the Prime Minister.

after that, except for the right servant of Shangshu, he entered the pavilion of Juechangping and moved to Shangshu Order. ? The Book of Jin? Volume 37? After the Seventh

Gao Pingling Revolution, Sima Fu successively served as Sikong, Taiwei and Taifu, and climbed to the top of the hierarchy.

moved to Sikong, replacing Wang Ling as Taiwei. And Shu general Jiang Weikou Longyou, Yong Zhou secretariat Wang Jing defeated, sent Fuxi town Guanzhong, unified the military. Chen Tai, the general of the Western Expedition, and Wargo, the general of Anxi, attacked Wei and retreated Wei. Fu returned to the capital and turned to a teacher. ? The Book of Jin? Volume 37? Biography VII

As long as we understand the above historical facts, we can draw a conclusion: As long as Sima Yi (Sima Shi, Si Mazhao and Sima Yan) do not usurp the throne, Sima Fu's power will never be less than Sima Yi's.

why should Sima Fu be loyal to Cao Wei? Because the change of Gao Pingling was led by Sima Yi, if he was not loyal to Cao Wei, wouldn't his own department have to bow down after Sima Yi became a Buddha and became his ancestor?

why did Sima Fu help Sima yi? Because Sima Yi and himself are a family after all, even if we don't help him usurp the throne, we can't let them fail. Otherwise, wouldn't our lips be dead and our teeth cold?

from the interests of Sima Fu, it is best for Sima to always be the powerful minister of Cao Wei, or actually the master of the world, but it is best not to be a veritable master of the world.

With the destruction of Shu and Wu by Sima Yi, his influence gradually increased, and Sima Fu gradually failed to maintain the balance. Therefore, he began to show his loyalty to Cao Wei more and more: crying for Cao Mao, crying for Cao Fang, and calling himself a loyal minister at the end of his life were all based on such an idea.

It is precisely because of this reason that Sima Yan never dared to give a cold shoulder to Sima Fu when he enfeoffed the kings.

At first, Sima Yan enfeoffed twenty-seven princes with the same surname, including ten princes in Sima Fu. However, in Sima Yi's department, that is, Sima Yan's own department, only nine people were crowned king.

how influential is Sima Fu? We can see from the comparison of these two figures.

It's just that by this time, Sima Fu has been unable to control the overall situation, because Sima Yi's series has been successfully completed. After Sima Fu's death, Sima Fu was gradually marginalized.

Sima Qian, who wrote Historical Records, once said: The world is bustling for profit, and the world is bustling for profit? It is aboveboard to discuss interests, but it is self-evident that imperial politics should blur or even discredit this point.

modern people say: I have a ballot in my hand, and I will choose whoever is good for me! ? People don't think this view is too much, but they think it's natural;

the ancients said: I have a ballot in my hand, and I will choose whoever is good for me! ? The imperial politics will think that this is a mercenary view. If everyone thinks so, how can our royal family be passed down from one generation to all generations?

I'm not surprised that imperial politics thinks like this, but why do modern people always think from the perspective of imperial politics when reading history? I have a ballot in my hand, and I will choose whoever is good for me! ? Shouldn't this truth be accurate in ancient and modern times?

As for Sima Fu, he must be loyal to Cao Wei, because it can effectively guarantee the interests of his department; However, when there is a fundamental conflict between Cao Wei and Sima's interests, he will certainly instinctively stand on Sima's side.

It is a bit awkward for such a person to say that he is a loyal minister, and it is not accurate to say that he is a traitor. Therefore, it is better to draw less conclusions.

Life is like a play, it all depends on acting. When these big shots stand on the political stage, let's enjoy their performances!