Favourite is equivalent to a consultant or a lawyer now, and is an unofficial assistant manager hired by the competent official (chief official) in the government office to help him handle the affairs of criminal names, money valleys, official documents and so on.

A master assists the chief officer with his own expertise and talents in criminal names and laws (laws), money and grain accounting (accounting) and paperwork, which is called acting, assisting or assisting the acting.

first, the difference between a tout and a secretary

The tout in ancient times cannot be equated with the current leading secretary. Ancient masters, also known as screen friends, screen guests, screen guests, etc., are a common name for people who make screens. Although touts are George officials in government departments, they generally have no official titles and are not within the government system. And our current leading secretary belongs to government personnel and financial preparation.

second, the origin and division of labor of teachers

the work of secretaries (that is, teachers) in ancient China originated very early and has a long history. "World Book" contains: "In the world of the Yellow Emperor, the historian was established, and Cang Xie and Ju Yong lived in their posts." The earliest secretaries were called "history".

These full-time secretaries of the Yellow Emperor have a clear division of labor. Obviously, secretaries and secretarial work existed before the Yellow Emperor.

The earliest secretarial institution was Taishiliao of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. ）。

the Zhou dynasty was becoming more and more complete, and the "five histories" were divided into different parts, each performing its own duties. Some secretarial work systems have been established, mainly including official document production system (such as The Analects of Confucius? "Xian Wen" records that the production of Zheng's documents goes through such links as initial creation, discussion, modification and polishing, etc.), the system of signature and original copy of documents, the system of filing and storage of official documents, the system of "mud sealing" and printing, and the system of "collecting wind" for observation and investigation.

Third, the position and salary of the tout

The tout is not an official, but a family member privately hired by the official, and his salary is not paid by the court, but by the chief official who hired him from his own income, so once he retires, he generally has no income and no retirement salary.

The only exception is that after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhao Kuangyin, the great ancestor of the Song Dynasty, for the purpose of further strengthening centralization, stipulated that the staff of yamen at all levels should be appointed by the court to prevent the actual decision-making power of yamen from falling into the hands of unscrupulous staff, but even so, the touts are not good and official.

In addition to the employment relationship, there is also an aide of internship nature in yamen. This kind of person has a decent status and belongs to the teacher-student relationship with the chief official. Once he has completed his studies, he can get the recommendation of the chief official and embark on his official career, such as Zuo Zongtang, a famous Han minister in the late Qing Dynasty.

iv. types and establishment of touts

touts are also called aides. Generally, there are many kinds of touts, such as Qian Gu touts, criminal touts and so on. On TV, I saw that the man standing beside the county grandfather in the lobby was a criminal tout.

a higher-ranking official will have a master who will write a letter. Favourite has no rank and is not the official staff of the imperial court. That is to say, people who do not eat finance do not belong to the financial establishment of public institutions, and their wages are paid by their bosses, not by the Finance Bureau.