1. How to express "parents, grandparents, grandparents passed away" in classical Chinese

It can be expressed as follows:

1. Parents: parents passed away.

2. Grandfather: Grandfather is deceased.

3. Grandma: Grandma is dead.

4. Grandpa: My grandfather is deceased.

5. Grandma: Grandma is dead.

6. The names for parents in classical Chinese:

Parents: Parents are the most important relatives among relatives, except for "parents", "parents", "elders", "father and mother" "In addition to the collective names commonly used in ancient and modern times, there are also "Gaotang", "Yanjun", "Zunqin", "Yanqin", "Liangqin", "Qinwei", etc., as well as "sheng" and "Chunxuan" written by literati. ” and other names for parents.

Father, father: It is a common name for father in ancient and modern times. You can also call father "gong", "weng", "honor", "adult", "Yanjun", "ye", " "Father", "Dad", "I" etc.

Mother: is the most common name for mother. In ancient times, most of the names for mothers were similar to "mother", and they were also used as a general term for adult women or elderly women. The more important ones are: "Po", "Niang", "Empress", "Grandma", "Adult", "Mom", "Ci", "Jia Jia" and "Sister" etc.

7. The names of grandparents in classical Chinese:

Grandfather: The mother's father is called "grandfather" (the same as today), and can also be called "waiweng" ", "foreigner", "father", "master", etc.

Grandma: The mother is called "grandma" or "grandma" (the same as today), also called "grandma", "laolao", etc.

8. The names for grandparents in classical Chinese:

Grandfather: also known as "royal father", "eldest father" and "ancestor". In ancient times, "Gong", "Tai Gong" and "Weng" could also be used to address grandfather; today the most common name for grandfather is "Grandpa".

Grandmother: can also be called "Big Mother", "Queen Mother", and "Chongci". And because the ancients had wives and concubines, grandmothers were divided into "grandmother Ji", "grandmother concubine" and "grandmother concubine". The name "grandmother" is commonly used in ancient and modern times.

9. Words expressing death in classical Chinese:

Death, death, so, death, weakness, death, death, death, death, death, death, death, death, death , bereavement, death, body death, thing death, materialization, passing away, passing away, abandoning the world, passing away, next life, dying, passing away, etc. 2. Classical Chinese essays on the death of mother

Memorial essays on mother

The descendant of a certain family came to our clan from the glory of XX. He was diligent and frugal, supported his husband and raised his children, and was gentle and gentle. Internally, be diligent and considerate externally. Even though his neighbors are busy talking about his virtues.

When I surrendered, my family fortune declined slightly due to events. So all the servants left, and my mother tried her best to make me happy. When I reached the age of Zongjiao, I went to school with famous people in my hometown. Every time I gained something from my studies, I was happy or interested. My mother said: "After hearing about the great sages in ancient times, I became more aware of my own shortcomings. You are still weak." If you haven't read all the books, what can you gain?" Although I criticize his words, I still mean what he said. So I am determined to work hard, and I will eventually achieve success. But I want to repay my mother and extend my family to support her. Every time my mother asks me about the local news, I can't let go of her, and I can't get it. When he got seriously ill, he spent all his money to seek medical treatment, but after years of hard work, he left me and went west. It's not sad!

Woohoo! I often hear a saying that goes like this: A tree wants to be quiet but the wind cannot stop it; a child wants to be nurtured but his relatives are not there. This is a sincere statement of killing. I still know, but if you get my wish and enjoy that land, then that is what I wish for.

When the clouds suddenly come, the drizzle is so urgent. My feelings are as deep as the sorrow of heaven. I was left feeling miserable and helpless, so I returned home. < /p>

The tree wants to be quiet but the wind doesn’t stop. The child wants to be raised but the relatives don’t wait

Definition: The tree wants to stay quietly for a while, but the wind makes it keep swaying. When you're trying to support your parents, maybe they can't wait and pass away.

The tree wants to be quiet but the wind does not stop; the child wants to be raised but the relatives do not wait

Source: The Collection of Confucius

Original text:

Confucius said, It is very sad to hear the cry. Confucius said: "There is a sage in front of the drive." When the time came, Gao Yu was covered in brown and sickled, and was crying beside the road. Confucius drove out of his chariot and said to him, "If you are not in mourning, why should you cry with sorrow?" Gaoyu said, "I have lost three things. I studied at a young age and traveled among the princes. From now on, I will be friends with you, and I will lose one of them. I have high ambitions. When I am free to serve you, there are two things that I will miss. If I keep friends but I will miss them, there are three things that I will miss. If the tree wants to be quiet but the wind does not stop, if the child wants to be raised but cannot be followed, that is the year. If you can't see her, please leave her now." He died of illness. Confucius said: "My disciples warned me, and I am enough to understand." So three of the disciples resigned and returned to support their relatives.

The meaning of "waiting"

"The tree wants to be quiet but the wind does not stop, the child wants to be raised but the kiss does not wait" comes from Volume 9 of "Han Shi Wai Zhuan", the original text is "The husband wants to be quiet but the tree wants to be quiet" But the wind doesn't stop, and the child wants to be raised but cannot be cared for." This lament was made by Gao Yu after his parents died.

Gaoyu traveled around the country to find teachers and friends, so he rarely stayed in his hometown to serve his parents. Unexpectedly, his parents passed away one after another, and Gaoyu was shocked to realize that he could no longer fulfill his filial duty. He deeply regretted that he had not been able to serve his parents well when they were still alive. Now he regrets it too much!

Gaoyu uses "the tree wants to be quiet but the wind does not stop" to describe his helplessness after losing his parents. Trees don't like to swing too much with the wind, otherwise their branches will become crooked and their leaves will fall. Unfortunately, the strong wind never stops, and the trees will keep being blown away. If the wind does not stop, it is the helplessness of the tree; but if the relative is absent, it is the helplessness of the filial son. First, the literal explanation: The tree hopes to be still, but the wind cannot stop. If the wind does not stop blowing, the tree cannot be still. When the son grows up, he hopes to be able to support his parents and repay their parents for their nurturing love. However, the two elders have passed away long ago, making the children's wishes unable to come true, leaving a lifelong regret! Gaoyu traveled around the country to find teachers and friends, so he rarely stayed in his hometown to serve his parents. Unexpectedly, his parents passed away one after another, and Gaoyu was shocked to realize that he could no longer fulfill his filial duty. He deeply regretted that he had not been able to serve his parents well when they were still alive. Now he regrets it too much!

Gaoyu uses "the tree wants to be quiet but the wind does not stop" to describe his helplessness after losing his parents. Trees don't like to swing too much with the wind, otherwise their branches will become crooked and their leaves will fall. Unfortunately, the strong wind never stops, and the trees will keep being blown away. The wind does not stop, which is the helplessness of the tree; and the absence of relatives is the helplessness of the filial son.

Generally speaking, it means: the development of things often cannot follow people's wishes. That is, there is sometimes a big gap between what you hope for and reality. People have no control over some things!

This sentence is very famous. Especially the last sentence, I don’t know how many loyal ministers and filial sons have been moved! Please pay more attention to your parents and be considerate! Don’t regret it until your parents are gone!

From: "Han Shi Wai Zhuan" by Han Ying of the Han Dynasty

"Gaoyu said: "I have lost three things: when I was young, I studied and traveled among the princes. From now on, I will marry you, and I will lose them. The first is that I have high ambitions and I am serving the king. The second is that I have lost my friendship. The tree wants to be quiet but the wind does not stop. The child wants to be raised but cannot be kissed. , the year is gone, and I will not be able to see you again. Please say goodbye now." 4. What does mourning mean in ancient Chinese?

(1) To mourn. , be in mourning [be in mourning] The mother above the son dies without mourning.

—— "Book of Rites·Tan ??Gong Shang"

(2) Grieve over the death of [grieve over the deathof]

The crazy man enjoys it, the wise man Those who are mourning. ——"Shang Jun Shu·Gengfa"

Mourning sàng

〈motion〉

(1) (Knowing. Small seal character shape, with "crying" above , the following is "die". It means to cry for the dead person. Original meaning: loss)

(2) The same as the original meaning [forfeit; lose]

——" "Shuowen" Lost Friends in the Northeast

——"Yi Kun" Ma Note: "Loss." "There is no mourning when you receive a salary.

——"Poetry·Daya·Huangyi" There is no master in mourning. Also, there is no treasure in mourning.

——"Book of Rites· "Tan Gong" King Xuan lost his southern army.

——"Guoyu·Zhouyu" Not only sages have this kind of heart, but everyone has it. A sage will not lose his ears.

——"Mencius Gaozi 1" King Yan lost his country because of his benevolence and righteousness.

——"Han Feizi·Five beetles" 5. Classical Chinese essays on festivals and mourning

Festivals and mourning Anyone born between heaven and earth must die, and it is inevitable.

A filial son attaches great importance to his relatives, and a loving relatives loves his son. It hurts the muscles and bones, and the nature. It is unbearable for human emotions to abandon the beloved and cherished ones in the ravine, so it has the meaning of burying them to death.

Burying and hiding are the things that a loving family and filial son should be careful about. Those who are cautious should be considerate of strangers.

To worry about the dead with the heart of the living is better than being inactive, and worse than being inactive. Nothing can be done without movement, which is nothing more than nothing to benefit from. This is called double closure①.

In ancient times, people hid their treasures in vast fields and deep mountains. They were not considered national treasures, and they could not be buried without hiding them. If the burial is shallow, foxes will scratch it; if it is deep, it will reach the spring.

Therefore, everyone must be buried on a high mausoleum. To avoid the trouble of foxes and the dampness of springs.

This is good, but forgetting the difficulties of evil, thieves and bandits, isn’t it confusing? For example, it is like a blind master avoiding a pillar, avoiding a pillar and quickly touching the tree. Foxes, water springs, evil spirits, thieves, bandits and troubles, this is the great one of Feng Yi.

Those who are shunned by loving relatives and filial sons will be buried with love. He is good at coffins and coffins, so he avoids ants, snakes and insects.

In today's worldly world, which is in great chaos, the more extravagant the funeral, the more extravagant the funeral. Then the heart is not concerned about the dead, but the living is showing respect to each other. Those who are extravagant consider themselves proud, while those who are frugal consider themselves humble. They do not seek death for the sake of death, but only seek the reputation of the living. This is not the heart of a loving parent and a filial son.

Even though the father dies, the importance of filial piety to the son will not slacken; even though the son dies, the love of his relatives will not slacken. What if the husband buries his loved ones and cherishes them, and leaves the living with all his desires? When the people want to benefit, they take advantage of stray arrows, jump on white blades, and wade through the blood and liver to seek for it.

Unknown savages tolerate relatives, brothers, and acquaintances in order to gain benefits. There is no such danger or ugliness today. The benefits are very generous. They eat meat in cars and benefit their descendants. Even though they are saints, It can still be banned, but how about chaos? The country is big, the family is rich, the burial is rich, the beads and scales are used together, the husband plays with the treasures, the tripod, the pot, the golden prison, the horse, the horse, the clothes, the sword, the number is countless. All health-preserving tools must be followed.

The title room. The coffins and coffins were surrounded by piles of stones and charcoal.

When traitors hear this, they will report it to others. Even though the superiors prohibited it with severe force and serious crimes, it still could not be stopped.

Moreover, if the dead last for a long time, the living will become sparse; if the living are sparse, the defenders will become lazy; if the defenders will be lazy, but the burial utensils remain the same, the situation will be unsettled. When mourning is carried out in the secular world, it is carried with a big boat ④, with feathers and flags, like clouds and bows ⑥ to supervise it, to wear pearls and jade, to order it, to lead mourners to the left and right, and to have thousands of people walking around, and to organize it with military Set it up and then you can.

If you look at the world in this way, it will be beautiful and extravagant; if you look at the world in this way, it will be impossible. If you want to die easily, then even though you are poor and work hard for the people, you will do whatever you want if you are a loving family and a filial son.

(Selected from "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals") Notes ① Double closure: Large closure means that there are no burial objects in the tomb, and the grave digger will not make any profit, and will not lead to excavation. ②抇(h): Excavation.

③杙(y): A small wooden stake with a sharp end. ④盩, through "pumping".

⑤贴 (chn), a car carrying coffins. ⑥廻磣, an umbrella-shaped object made of feathers with a handle, which can be held to move along with the pivot wheel.

Attached is a reference translation of the classical Chinese text: All things living between heaven and earth must die, and death is inevitable for humans. Filial sons respect their parents, and kind parents love their sons. This feeling goes deep into the bones and is human nature.

Human nature cannot bear to do this when people whom one respects and loves are thrown into a ravine after death, thus the custom of burying the deceased has arisen. The so-called burial means to hide; this is an issue that kind parents and filial sons should be cautious about. The so-called caution means that the living should consider the deceased.

From the heart of the living, there is nothing more important than letting the deceased remain motionless after being buried in the ground, so that the grave of the deceased will not be excavated. It would be better if the dead were not moved and the graves of the dead were not excavated, and it was better to make it unprofitable for the excavators.

This is called the Great Close. In ancient times, people were buried in deep mountains and wilderness and found peace. This does not mean that jewelry and national treasures are at work.

It is the function of hiding, so burial must be deep.

If the body is buried shallowly, foxes will dig up the corpse; if it is buried deep, it will hit underground springs.

Therefore, the burial site must be chosen on a high hill to avoid the harm of excavation by foxes and the dampness of springs. Although this is good, but it forgets the harm caused by gangsters, thieves, and bandits, isn't it stupid? This is like a blind musician who avoids the pillar because he is afraid of hitting it, but hits the wooden stick with all his strength.

The harm caused by foxes, springs, gangsters, thieves, and bandits is like running into a sharp and big wooden prong! Kind parents and filial sons can avoid these disasters, which means they understand the original meaning of burial. The purpose of repairing coffins is to avoid damage from ants, snakes and insects.

Nowadays, the social atmosphere is in chaos, and monarchs are becoming more and more extravagant in funerals. They do not consider the deceased, but the living to show off to each other with luxury. They are proud of extravagance and waste, and despise those who are frugal and frugal. They do not take convenience for the dead as a thing, but only regard the reputation of the living as their top priority.

This is not the heart of a loving parent and a filial son. Even though the father dies, a filial son's respect for his father will not diminish; even though the son dies, a loving parent's love for his son will not disappear.

What will happen if you bury someone you respect and love, but bury them with things that the living people really want to get, and they want to use these things to make the deceased peaceful? People will pursue profit even if they risk flying arrows, step on sharp knives, and bleed desperately. Savages who do not know etiquette and justice would rather pursue profit regardless of the affection of their parents, brothers, and friends. Nowadays, robbing graves does not require the risk of bloodshed, and they cannot bear to ignore the shame of their parents, brothers, and friends. They get rich benefits and can eat meat in a car.

Its benefits can be passed on to descendants. Even a saint cannot prohibit it, let alone today's troubled times? The larger the country, the richer the family, the richer the funeral offerings. There are countless pearls in the mouth of the deceased, jade watches, precious treasures, bells, tripods, pots, golden prisons, carriages, horses, clothes and quilts, gold swords and so on.

All kinds of health-preserving objects were buried with them. The tomb was made of thick wood, and there were several layers of coffins, and stones and charcoal were piled up around the coffins. The bad guys heard about this.

Tell each other. Although the chieftain used severe punishments to prevent them from robbing graves, he still couldn't stop them.

Moreover, the longer the deceased dies, the more estranged his descendants will be from him. The more estranged he is from his descendants, the more lax the tombkeepers will be; But there are still so many. This situation is naturally unsafe.

Secular people hold funerals, using carts to carry coffins, flying various flags, and the hearses are covered with clouds of decorations. Holding many umbrellas made of feathers, they walked neatly along with the coffin. The coffin was dotted with pearls and jade, and the coffin was decorated with caskets. 6. A kind of dog like a duck, a classical Chinese text about the father’s funeral.

An engraved bird like a duck

Original text

He can’t do better than his predecessor, but he is still a person who respects the imperial edict. So-called Carved swans cannot be compared to those who resemble swans. If you fail to imitate Ji Liang, you will fall into the world of frivolous people. What you do is to be like a tiger but not like a dog. (Fan Ye of the Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty, "The Book of the Later Han·Ma Yuan Biography")

Translation

If you learn from Long Bogao, even if you fail, you can still become a prudent person. People are like carving a swan, but they can still become a duck (carving a swan). If you learn from Du Jiliang and fail, you will become a frivolous wanderer. This is like painting a tiger but cannot. Like, but painted as a dog (a tiger-like dog).

Warning to brother Zi Yan and Dun Shu

Han Ma Yuan

Original text

Giving aid to brother Zi Yan and Dun, and being happy to ridicule him , and Tongqing Xia Ke. When Yuan Qian was in Jiaozhi, he also wrote a warning saying: "I want you to hear people's faults, just like hearing the names of your parents: your ears can hear it, but your mouth can't speak it. I like to talk about people's merits and wrongs, and it is not the right way. This is what I do wrong. ：I would rather die than hear that my descendants have done this. You know how evil I am, so if you say anything again, I will give you a warning from my parents, so that you will not forget it.

"Long Bo was honest, honest and cautious, spoke without choice, was modest and frugal, honest and dignified. I love you very much, and I hope you will follow suit. Du Jiliang is a heroic hero who loves justice, worries about others' worries, enjoys others' happiness, and loses nothing. When my father was mourning, I visited several counties. I love you so much that I don’t want you to follow Cao’s example. He is not as good as the emperor, but he is still a person who respects the imperial edict. It is said that "the carved swan cannot be compared to the swan". If you don't follow Ji Liang's example, you will become a frivolous person in the world. It is said that "painting a tiger will not turn it into a dog".

It is not yet known when Ji Liang ends this year. The generals in the county are gnashing their teeth as they get off the car. ”

Notes

1. Ridicule: ridicule, talk about.

2. Tongqingxiake: Tongqingxiaoke: communication, communication; lightness, frivolity; frivolity with knights

3. Jiaozhi: Han County, in what is now northern Vietnam

4. Rucao: Wait, you guys.

5. .Right and wrong: comments, praise and criticism

6. Zhengfa: legitimate legal system

7. Great evil: deeply hated.

8. Shi Jinjie, In ancient times, when a woman got married, her mother would tie a scarf and a belt on her daughter and dress her up, saying: "If you respect her as a precept, you will not violate it." life. "Mother Jienu said: "Jiere respects him, and he will do nothing against the palace affairs. "

9. Long Bogao was honest and honest. Zhou Shen: Long Bogao was a man of integrity and honesty. Long Bogao was a famous figure in the Eastern Han Dynasty. History books record that he ""lived in the county for four years and was very effective in governing the country." Filial piety to the family, loyalty to the country, when the public comes, William will be illustrious." Zhou Shen: careful, cautious.

10. Indiscriminate speech: There is no corruption in the words spoken, and the meaning is good. Choose: Pass "殬(dù)", which means corruption.

11. Du Jiliang: Du Jiliang, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, served as an official and rode a horse in Yue.

12. Clear and turbid without loss: means everything is handled appropriately.

13. The guests from many counties have arrived.

14. I would like to edict: I would like to edict: be cautious.

15. swan: swan. Yao: wild duck. Although this metaphor cannot be imitated, it still retains its generality.

16. Drawing a tiger will not turn out to be a dog: the metaphor is self-defeating.

17. Getting off: Refers to the official arriving for the first time. Cutting of teeth: expresses hatred.

18. Idiom: Use this as a talking point.

Translation

My brother’s sons, Ma Yan and Ma Dun, both like to sarcastically talk about other people’s affairs, and they like to make friends with knights. On the way to Cochin, I wrote a letter to warn them: "I hope you will hear other people's faults, just like hearing the names of your parents: your ears can hear it, but your mouth cannot talk about it. I like to talk about other people's strengths and weaknesses, and talk randomly. Commenting on the laws of the imperial court is something I deeply hate. I would rather die than want my descendants to behave like this. This is the reason why I have emphasized it again and again before my daughter got married. , I hope you will not forget what my parents have warned me."

"Long Bogao is honest and honest, and there is nothing to criticize in his words. I love him and respect him, and I hope you can learn from him. Du Jiliang is a heroic person with a great sense of justice. He regards other people's sorrow as his own sorrow and other people's happiness as his own happiness. No matter whether he is good or bad, he is a hero. When his father passed away, many people came to him. I love him and respect him, but I don't want you to learn from him (because) if you don't succeed in learning from Long Bogao, you can still become a cautious and humble person. You can't be like a duck. Once you fail to learn from Du Jiliang, you will become a dandy. As the saying goes, "painting a tiger does not look like a dog." Du Jiliang still doesn't know that the generals in the county will take office. I hate him with all my teeth, and the people in the state and county have great opinions on him. This is why I don’t want my descendants to learn from him.”