Faced with numerous e-book content providers and reading devices, it is necessary for us to understand some common e-book file formats. Commonly used e-book formats on PC

TXT file format This is a popular electronic reading file format favored by many people. This format also has the most production tools. Its biggest feature is that it is easy to read, simple to produce, and the produced electronic books are quite exquisite. The e-books in this format have embedded reading software, so you can read them without installing a special reader, and there is no high impact on the operating environment. Require.

E-books in TXT format were mainly used for text-based book reading before 2004. However, this type of e-books also has some shortcomings. Most TXT files produced by related production software do not support Flash and Java and common audio and video files require IE browser support, etc.

However, after 2004, electronic magazines and digital newspapers became popular. Without exception, they all adopted the EXE format and supported FLASH, multimedia and even scripting languages. The displayed content was richer and the production was quite exquisite. , becoming the most popular electronic magazine format currently. , digital newspapers, periodicals, and books provided by manufacturers such as Founder Apabi, XPLUS, and ZCOM all use this format.

Reading software: Built-in reader, no additional reading software required. PDF (Portable Document Format) file format is an electronic file format developed by Adobe. This file format has nothing to do with the operating system platform, that is to say, PDF files are universal regardless of whether they are Windows, Unix or Apple's Mac OS operating system. This feature makes it an ideal document format for electronic document distribution and digital information dissemination on the Internet. More and more electronic books, product descriptions, company announcements, online materials, and emails are beginning to use PDF format files. PDF format files have become a de facto industry standard for digital information.

Adobe designed the PDF file format to support cross-platform, multimedia integrated information publishing and distribution, especially to provide support for network information release. To achieve this purpose, PDF has many advantages that other electronic document formats cannot compare with. The PDF file format can encapsulate text, fonts, formats, colors, and graphics and images that are independent of device and resolution in one file. Files in this format can also contain electronic information such as hypertext links, sounds and dynamic images, support special-length files, and are highly integrated, secure and reliable.

PDF files use industry-standard compression algorithms and are generally smaller than PostScript files, making them easier to transmit and store. It is also page-independent. A PDF file contains one or more "pages" and each page can be processed independently, which is especially suitable for multi-processor systems. In addition, a PDF file also contains the PDF format version used in the file, as well as the positioning information of some important structures in the file. It is precisely because of the various advantages of PDF files that they have gradually become the new favorite in the publishing industry.

For ordinary readers, e-books produced with PDF have the texture and reading effect of paper books, and can "lifelikely" display the original appearance of the original book, and the display size can be adjusted arbitrarily, providing readers with a personalized way of reading. Since PDF files do not depend on the language and fonts of the operating system and the display device, they are very convenient to read. These advantages enable readers to quickly adapt to e-reading and online reading, which is undoubtedly conducive to the popularization of computers and the Internet in daily life. With PDF file technology as its core, Adobe provides a complete set of electronic and online publishing solutions, including commercial software Acrobat for generating and reading PDF files and Illustrator for editing and producing PDF files. Adobe also provides font packages for reading and printing Asian scripts, that is, Chinese, Japanese and Korean scripts.

Reading software: Adobe Acrobat8.1, Adobe Reader8.1, or other third-party reading software.

ePub (abbreviation for Electronic Publication, electronic publishing) is a free and open standard, which is a kind of content that can be "automatically rearranged"; that is, text content can be displayed in the most suitable way for reading according to the characteristics of the reading device. EPub files internally use XHTML or DTBook (an XML standard proposed by DAISY Consortium) to display text and wrap the file content in zip compression format. The EPub format includes digital rights management (DRM) related functions for selection. EPub became an official standard of the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF) in September 2007, replacing the old Open eBook e-book standard. EPub includes three main specifications:

Reading software: epub-reader (IOS), Adobe Digital Editions, FBReader, SumatraPDF CEB is Chinese eBook, which is a completely high-fidelity Chinese e-book format. The format used by Founder Apabi Reader, a new e-book reading tool developed by Beijing Founder Apabi Technology Co., Ltd. It can retain all information of the characters, fonts, layout and color of the original document, including pictures, numerical formulas, chemistry Formulas, tables, chess and cards, music scores, etc. At the same time, this format performs good compression on text images, etc., and the data volume of the file is small.

CEB layout file technology is based on Founder's world-leading printing and publishing technology, and has become the world's first-class in the field of layout file technology. Since its launch in 2000, Founder's CEB format file technology has been widely used in the fields of e-books and electronic official documents. At the same time, Founder's CEB format file technology can be easily applied to Founder's products in the traditional printing and publishing field.

CEB’s advantages and technological advancement: the display remains unchanged under different software and hardware environments and cannot be modified after generation; it integrates the current main font representation technologies: including various encoding systems and various Font library technology supports the conversion of ethnic minority languages ??(Mongolian, Uighur, Tibetan, Korean, etc.); automatically downloads supplementary characters to ensure that CEB files do not "open the skylight"; provides comprehensive graphics processing technology (including various linear Full description); Provide comprehensive image and color processing support and compression (multiple color spaces, color restoration including ICC, RLE, G3, G4, Wavelet and other data compression); Support electronic signatures, data encryption and other security mechanisms; Conversion is easy. Almost all formats can be converted into CEB format, including XML, S2, PS, PDF, TIFF, DOC, WPS, etc.; CEB files take up little space. When typesetting is more complex, it only takes up one-tenth of the original DOC file. 1. The combination of CEB and XML supports automatic layout generation, information extraction, and flexible use; you can create directories, link jumps, and add sounds, animations, and videos on CEB.

As the basis for the integration of electronic documents and the recommended reference standard for the layout files of national electronic official documents, Founder CEB format files can present electronic documents in their original form and flavor, and the electronic documents cannot be tampered with. Ensure document integrity.

Apply CEB files?

1. CEB files are browsed directly through the free Apabi Reader. And can be directly embedded into IE browser for use.

2． You can read through mobile devices, such as handheld computers, PDAs, and readers to achieve mobile office

3. CEB files print directly out of paper documents.

4． CEB files are directly sent to printing machines and digital printing machines to output paper files.

5. CEB files use indexing tools to generate XML document elements to realize file information exchange

6. CEB files export TXT text files through CEB SDK to realize file retrieval and reuse.

Reading software: Apabi Reader3.1, Apabi Inspire Reader2.0 The STK file format is an e-book format developed by Yirui Company, which requires the use of the company's handheld readers STAReBOOK and eREAD to read.

In 2006, Chengdu Yuetong Company developed eREAD6.0 reading software, which can read STK format books on PC. The main book contents include comics, novels, business, fashion life, and religion. The reader is easy to operate. Especially suitable for reading comic books.

In 2007, Chengdu Yuetong Company developed eREAD7.0 reading software, and in 2008, Chengdu Yuetong Company developed eREAD8.0 reading software. This reader software adds reading functions for mobile terminal devices such as psp nds mobile phones.

eREAD reading software integrates book production functions. Users can make their own books by themselves, which meets the needs of users to share books. Most of the free STK books on the Internet are produced by readers themselves and posted on the Internet. spread.

Reading software: eREAD6.0 eREAD7.0 eREAD8.0 PDG (Picture and Text Digitization) format is an image storage format launched by Chaoxing Company. It has the advantages of multi-layer TIFF format. Due to the unique Some wavelet transform algorithms have high image compression ratios. Superstar uses the PDG format as a proprietary format for its digital library browser.

Reading software: Chaoxing Reader SSReader4.0 (Chinese academic journal, CAJ for short) is the file format of Tsinghua Tongfang Company. China Journal Network provides full-text downloads of journals in this file format. You can use CAJViewer on this machine Read and print CAJ files obtained through "Full Text Database".

Reading software: CAJViewer7.0 SEP is a universal, excellent, safe and reliable document distribution and exchange format on the Chinese platform. It is based on Shusheng Company’s internationally advanced technology and has experienced layout technology, digital Paper technology has evolved into smart document technology. SEP conforms to the characteristics of traditional paper and can be used to e-ify paper-based applications. Each SEP file is equivalent to several pages of paper documents and can be appended with many digital and intelligent features. SEP software can completely convert electronic documents generated by applications from various sources, and can completely retain text, images, graphics, document layout, etc. Shusheng SEP files adopt advanced classification compression methods, and adopt corresponding advanced compression algorithms for images, text, graphics, videos, etc., making the sharing, exchange and archiving of electronic documents an easy and pleasant thing. The free-to-use Scholar SEP reader and the extensive use of more than 10 million SEP electronic documents of all kinds ensure that the technology is easy to use and stable. Shusheng software products using SEP file format and SEP family series document formats provide trustworthy document solutions for document integration work and e-government construction of governments and enterprises and institutions.

Reading software: SursenReader7.0, Sursen SepReader The software can browse or print the file, which is Microsoft's weapon against Adobe PDF format. Microsoft's next version of office software, Office 12, will provide file storage capabilities in the XPS portable file format, including files saved by applications such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, Publisher, Visio, OneNote, and InfoPath. XPS.

The XPS format is a file based on the Zip compression format. It can be decompressed using Zip or RAR software, and then its internal structure can be seen. This compression scheme also ensures that the XPS file is The size is relatively small. But compression alone is not enough, optimization must be done in some places, such as Subset font, etc.

Reading software: Xps viewer WDL is an electronic reading file format developed by Huakang Company.

Its characteristic is that it retains the original layout design well. You can read online or download electronic books to read locally. However, you need to use the company's special reader DynaDoc Free Reader to read, which can be read from the company's Free downloads from the website.

E-books in this format properly protect the interests of authors and publishers due to restrictions on printing and copying. Like the PDF format, this format still does not support some of the above effects. But it supports the import of pictures. This format does a better job of balancing the quality of file images and text with the size of the final product. Files using this format generally have a higher compression rate. It is a good choice for electronic books of all sizes.

Producing electronic books in this format requires the use of the company's software DynaDoc generator. There is no free version of this software yet. Readers can go to the company's website to find relevant information about the software. NLC format is the electronic book format of the National Library of China. It compresses the scanned book images into small NLC files according to the JBIG standard (lossless compression). NLC files are a variant of the JBIG format.

TXT format

The e-book in TXT format is a text format e-book widely supported by mobile phones. The e-book in this format has a large capacity and takes up little space, so it is It is supported by the majority of people who love to read e-books, and because this format is an e-book format generally supported by mobile phones, it is also recognized and loved by the majority of mobile phone users. For mobile phone users who do not have TXT e-book readers on some mobile phones, we would like to recommend a software "MOTO TXT" (this software can be installed on S40 mobile phones, which are mobile phones using the Symbian 4.0 operating system, in English it is symbian 4.0 system , this type of mobile phone is generally a Nokia mobile phone, such as nokia5310, 5610, 6500, etc.). As TXT format e-books are favored by more and more people, the demand for TXT format e-books is gradually increasing. Finding a website with complete resources to download TXT e-books has become a worry for many people. I would like to recommend UC e-books, a website with complete resources for TXT e-books.

Advantages of txt format:

1: Small size, simple and convenient storage

2: txt format is relatively simple and will not cause poisoning

3: The txt format is a common format for computers and many mobile devices

CHM file format

CHM is the abbreviation of "Compiled HelpManual" in English, that is, "compiled help file". Due to its high similarity with web browsers and many advantages, e-books and reading materials in CHM format are widely loved by users. Open source CHM creation tool: chmcreator.

CHM format e-books have the following characteristics compared with e-books in other formats:

1. It can compress and integrate many files into one file, which is easier to read, download and distribute than html, txt and other formats.

2． There is no need to install an additional browser to read under Windows systems, and it is more easily accepted by users than e-books in pdf and other formats.

3． Most Windows systems already have built-in CHM format readers, so e-books in CHM files are just data carriers and do not require higher execution permissions. It is more secure than e-books in exe format.

4． Since the content of CHM format e-books is based on the browser style, it is very close to the browser operation and interface style used by daily users, and is more easily accepted by users.

5. Powerful function configuration. For example, it can provide powerful full-text search, indexing, bookmarking and other functions.

Many domestic professional e-book download websites provide e-book downloads in various formats, such as Pinshutang

CHM file format

CHM file format It is a help file system based on the characteristics of HTML files launched by Microsoft in 1998 to replace the earlier WinHelp help system. It is also a hypertext markup language. In Windows 98, CHM type files are called "compiled HTML help files" .

Javascript, VBscript, ActiveX, Java Applet, Flash, common graphic files (GIF, JPEG, PNG), audio and video files (MID, WAV, AVI), etc. supported by IE browser are also supported by CHM and can be processed through URLs are tied to the Internet. chm files are also used as e-book formats because of their ease of use and various forms.

JAR file format

The formats of JAVA mobile e-books are generally JAR and JAD, where the JAD file is a description file that describes the information of the jar file. Some mobile phones do not support direct reading of JAR (this is caused by mobile phone security policies), in which case a JAD file is required. There are only a few such phones. JAVA runs on the JAVA virtual machine, that is, JVM, and many low-end models can also support JAVA. Therefore, the JAVA format is destined to have a wide range of applications. Because JAVA can provide rich interactive behaviors, it is the best in supporting graphics, text, and multimedia. In addition, the reader and text are packaged together (jar), so you only need to install it to read, without installing an additional reader or text. Download the e-book. Compared with previous e-book reading devices, the biggest advantage of mobile phones is that they are convenient and can be carried around. Its shortcomings are screen reading restrictions and few readable resources. The design of mobile phones is polarizing in size. One trend is getting smaller and smaller, taking the road of dexterity and refinement. The other trend is getting bigger and bigger, taking the road of rich and perfect functions, and moving closer to PDA. Undoubtedly, only this trend is suitable for the development of mobile e-books. Platforms that can produce JAR e-books include mini-book online production and mBookMaker developed by Palm Academy. Among them, the mini book online production supports functions such as illustrations and chapters, and can integrate a complete book into it.

Features of e-books:

1. Ease of acquisition and portability A large amount of reading material can be obtained through downloading from the Internet or using a small electronic device.

2． Easy to search and interact with. E-books can be searched in full text, and authors and readers can interact through the Internet.

3． Personal customization Readers can customize e-books according to their needs. Personal publishing became possible. 4. Easy to use, you can obtain further information through the characteristics of network hyperlinks. Diversification, multimedia The platforms available for reading are becoming more and more diverse, and e-book content also presents multimedia audio and video materials. 6． The reading experience is almost the same as reading traditional paper.

7. Low power consumption and long battery life.

8． No backlight, no harm to eyes.

APK format e-books:

Android e-books packaged into APk have the following advantages: 1. Easy to install. After users download it from the Internet or mobile phone, they can install it directly and the Android system will automatically Help users do something better and save them from tedious matters such as copying files.

2. Android e-books in APk format generally have integrated page turning effects, navigation, etc., and can be read without the use of external tools;

3. e-books in APK format In Android phones, each book has an icon, which is convenient for users to click and uninstall.

E-book formats commonly used in handheld readers

1. OEB file format

OEB is the abbreviation of Open eBook, an industry standard for formatting and packaging e-books. OEB is based on XML and defines how the text of an electronic publication is marked and how the various parts of an ebook (cover, table of contents, text, description, index, etc.) should be wrapped together. OEB is actually a complex, which can be said to be a subset of HTML 4.0, XML 1.0, Dublin Core, and CSS1.0. It mainly allows editors and system vendors to join the eBook ranks with the least effort, because the above languages ????are all of them. familiar. The OEB 1.0 version still focuses on formatting. The OEB 2.0 to be formulated will completely use XML as the backbone and strictly separate the formatting and data content.

2． LIT file format

This format is a proprietary file format of the software Microsoft Reader developed by Microsoft Corporation of the United States. This document format is a variant of HTML.

At the same time, the OEB document format is also supported. .

The biggest advantage of this format is that its reading style is very close to our usual reading of paper books, so it is very friendly to read, and it supports full-screen reading, but its characteristic is that there are no scroll bars and page turning. It's all done using clickable page numbers, so it's more like looking at a real paper book.

Since this format does not support Chinese, there are currently only attempts to use this file format to produce and publish electronic books in China.

Reader: Microsoft Reader. Support WinCE system handheld computers and smart phones.

3． XEB file format

Founder handheld e-book format. A Chinese e-book format based on OEB (Opene Book) and with xml (eXtensible Markup Language, extensible markup language) technology as the core.

It is suitable for mobile phones, special handheld e-book readers, learning machines, MP3, MP4 and other terminal devices, and has many advantages, such as small code files and low resource usage; integrating layout and streaming Reading technology, automatically adapts to the size of the terminal screen; supports multi-language reading; supports tables, mathematical formulas, lists, etc.; supports multiple character sets such as rare characters and ancient book characters; supports reading and downloading solutions of multiple protocols; supports communication interactive functions ;Supports conversion and reading of DOC, PDF, APABI and other formats.

Readers: Apabi XEB Reader, Jinke Hanlin Book, Founder Technology Junyue Tianxia Reader, Hong Kong GSL, etc.

4． EBX file format

Electronic Book Exchange. A standard developed by the Electronic Book Exchange Working group for the secure delivery of eBook content among content creators, publishers, and end users.

Reading software: XReader, supports WinCE system handheld computers and smart phones.

5. RB file format

"RB" is the abbreviation of "Rocket eBook", which is an e-book reader similar to a handheld computer.

Rocket eBook developed by NuvoMedia uses a special document structure that can integrate text, images, and sounds. Rocket eBook documents are composed of two types: basic documents (*.rb) and annotation documents (*.rh, *.rn and *.ra).

6. PDB format

A file format used by PalmOS reading tools. pdb is the abbreviation of Palm DataBase, and the file extension used by Palm OS is .pdb.

Can be opened using PalmReader.

7. JAR format

JAR (Java ARchive, Java Archive) is a platform-independent file format that can combine multiple files into one file. Users can bind multiple Java applets and their required components (.class files, images, and sounds) into a JAR file, which is then downloaded to the browser as a single simple HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) transaction , thereby greatly improving download speed. The JAR format also supports compression, which reduces file size and further reduces download times. Alternatively, applet writers can digitally sign items in the JAR file to confirm their origin. It is written in Java and is fully backwards compatible with existing applet code and fully extensible.

This version of the Java platform extends the use of the JAR format. Enhancements include the ability to add a command-line JAR tool that can be used to create and update signed JAR files. At the same time, it also provides a new standard API (Application Programming Interface, application program interface) for reading and writing JAR files.

In addition, the Java Extensions Framework also provides a mechanism for handling extension dependencies and other third-party libraries packaged as JAR files. For example, the e-book website is an e-book website with relatively complete resources and convenient downloading, which provides e-book downloads.

The definition of “e-book” in the Chinese-English dictionary (source: Baidu Dictionary):

1. electronic book; e-book (A book that has been converted to digital form and can be read on a computer, usually via network services or CD-ROM. Electronic books can expand on print media by adding hypertext links, search and cross-reference functions, and multimedia.) A business model that seeks differences in similarities: In addition to actively digitizing paper books, each publishing house can develop their own characteristics based on their attributes to provide readers with diverse choices.

Supports a variety of reading interfaces, which can be read directly on the computer or downloaded to a reader to enhance the compatibility of different systems.

The establishment of a paid download system provides online trial reading, prompts readers to pay for downloads, and provides readers with a safe and convenient payment method.

Provide a service platform other than reading, emphasize the interactivity of e-books, open up communication channels between writers and readers, further set up a personal publishing platform, and provide services for producing e-books to achieve personal publishing. dream.

Applied to digital learning, E-Learning integrates e-books into teaching and develops the market for e-textbooks.

Establish an e-book review mechanism. E-books are booming on the Internet, but they are also mixed. If an authoritative unit can propose a selected book list, it will not only be helpful for library collection, but also be helpful for readers to read or purchase. Reference value.

Chinese e-books benefit from the rapid development of the Internet and information technology. In addition, the Chinese market has a large population, e-books are convenient, and the content is diversified. All these advantages make businesses feel unlimited business opportunities.

However, with the further growth of online literature, e-books are gradually transforming into a free model. At present, most domestic literature websites, including original literature websites and reprinted literature websites, basically all provide free e-books for download. However, the free e-books provided by most original literature websites do not include VIP chapters. It is incomplete, but the free e-books provided by reprinted literature websites are complete. Compared with paid e-books, free e-books have completely occupied a dominant position. For example, UC e-books provide a large number of free e-books for download. Including txt format, umd format, jar format, jad format e-books can be downloaded for free.