1, electronic contract, electronic signature, digital signature
Electronic contract: as one of the forms of contract, it is an agreement between natural persons, legal persons and other organizations with equal subjects to conclude, modify and terminate civil rights and obligations by electronic communication.
To put it simply, an electronic contract is a form of electronic document realized by technical means, which can be directly signed and sealed.
Electronic signature: broadly speaking, electronic signature refers to the data contained in any data message in electronic form, which is used to identify the identity of the signer and show that the signer approves the contents, that is, the concept of electronic signature often appears in various legal provisions.
Electronic signature in a narrow sense is a digital signature using PKI system; Digital signature is a form and a subset of electronic signature.
Electronic signature is divided into signature and verification:
Appearance of seal: similar to the traditional usage of signing or stamping on paper documents;
Authentication ability: a digital certificate issued by an authoritative CA certification body, which contains a piece of data such as user identity, and can be understood as "electronic identity". Because this piece of data containing the signature identity is unique, it also ensures the uniqueness and tamper resistance of the digital signature.
Digital signature: it is a technology that uses digital certificate and information encryption technology to identify electronic data information, which can usually be understood as "digital fingerprint" stamped on electronic documents.
Summary: Electronic contracts signed with reliable electronic signatures have the same legal effect as paper contracts, and digital signatures are one of the cores to ensure the effectiveness of electronic contracts.
2. Electronic signature and electronic seal
Electronic signature: generally speaking, electronic signature includes two different forms of expression: signature and seal; Although both belong to electronic signatures, there are obvious differences in appearance between electronic signatures and electronic seals.
Electronic seal: seal includes official seal, various business seals, department seals, etc. The more complex the enterprise organization, the larger the scale and the more seals, the more difficult the management is. Electronic seal can improve the efficiency of seal management in enterprises.
Conclusion: Whether it is signature or seal, the validity of electronic signature can only be verified by verifying the integrity of digital certificate. Compared with the inconvenience of authenticity verification in the form of offline signature or seal, electronic signature mode can improve the rapid verification of signature and improve the security and prevention ability of contract.
3, digital certificate, digital authentication
Digital certificate: a network digital identity certificate issued and managed by an authoritative notarized third-party certification body (CA).
Digital signature is the result of signing an electronic document with a digital certificate, which is used to prove the signer's signature intention. Therefore, digital certificate is the basis of digital signature, and digital signature is an application result of digital certificate.
Digital authentication: It is an encryption technology based on digital certificate, which can encrypt and decrypt the information transmitted on the network, digitally sign and verify the signature, and ensure the security and integrity of the information transmitted on the network.
Abstract: Digital authentication takes the use of digital certificate as the core means to realize the authenticity of contract signing identity, the integrity of contract signing content and the non-tampering under the network environment.