Lao She is a novelist and playwright in China. Born in 1899 and died in 1966, Manchu, originally from Beijing. Formerly known as Shu Qingchun, the word Sheyu. Lao She is his most commonly used pen name.

Lao She's major works include: Camel Xiangzi, Zhao Ziri, Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Four Generations under One Family, Two Horses, Xiaopo's Birthday, Divorce, A Tale of Cat City, Under the Red Flag, Remnant Fog, Fang's Pearl and Face Problems. Reportage "Unknown Heights" became famous, with novellas "Crescent Moon", "My Life" and "Export", and short story collections "Fair", "Sakura Sea Collection", "Mussel Algae Collection", "Train Collection", "Anemia Collection" and "The Complete Works of Lao She" (16 volume).

19 18 Graduated from Beijing Normal University, principal of Beijiao Primary School, student counselor. The ideological trend of democracy, science and personality liberation aroused by the May 4th New Culture Movement awakened him from the life creed of "running a primary school seriously, respectfully serving his mother, getting married and having children properly". The prosperity of the literary revolution made him "obsessed with new literature and art", thus starting a new starting point in his life and career.

From 65438 to 0924, Lao She went to the Oriental College of London University to teach Chinese and China literature. Since 1925, three novels have been written one after another: Lao Zhang's Philosophy vividly exposes the smoky educational circle; Zhao Ziyue's flogging edge points to the young students who praise the new school, but they are actually intoxicated; The protagonist of Two Horses is a Beijinger living in Britain. Ironically, it is still the abnormal mentality of "leaving the nest" cultivated in the soil of feudal small-scale production society. They all use crisp Beijing spoken language and humorous language to render the folk customs of Beijing, and through the analysis of the national psychology of conservatism and stealing peace, they express their worries about the fate of the motherland, showing their unique artistic personality and ideological perspective. After the three works were serialized in Novel Monthly, they attracted the attention of literary circles. 1926 Lao She joined the Literature Research Association. /kloc-in the summer of 0/929, he returned to China via Europe and Asia. During my stay in Singapore, I was inspired by the rising demand for national liberation and created a novella "Xiaopo's Birthday" reflecting the awakening of the oppressed nation. 1930 has been teaching in cheeloo university since July. 1in the autumn of 934, he was employed as a professor at Qingdao Shandong University. These two universities have successively offered courses such as literature introduction, foreign literature history, European literature trend of thought, novel practice and so on. Continue to engage in creation after school. Following the artistic orientation of the original works, as well as novels such as Divorce and Biography of Niu Tianci, are full of life interest and comedy effect. Compared with his early works, the description is from shallow to deep, and the unique artistic style of humorous writer, custom painter of Beijing's human feelings, performer and critic of civil society is quite mature. Facing the increasingly severe social reality, there are two new trends in writing: First, the growing concern for national affairs has inspired writing. For example, stimulated by the May 3rd massacre committed by the Japanese invaders, he wrote Daming Lake, and the September 18th Incident made him "disappointed with national affairs", so the fable novel Cat City came out. First, pay more attention to the sufferings of the urban poor and take this as the main description object. "Crescent Moon" describes that the mother and daughter have been prostitutes for two generations, and "My Life" tells the rough experience of the lower-level police. In Camel Xiangzi, the personal destruction of Xiangzi who came from the countryside to the city to pull a rickshaw wrote a sad social tragedy. Introducing the dark life at the bottom of the city into the artistic world of modern literature is a great achievement of Lao She.

Camel Xiangzi is an important work in the history of modern literature of himself and China. He began to write short stories in the early 1930s, and his works include Fair, Sakura Sea Collection, Mussel Algae Collection and so on. Among them are Liu Family Courtyard and Shang.

Ren, time-honored brand, broken soul gun, elegant, exquisite and complete, is a rare boutique.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he went to Wuhan alone on the eve of the fall of 1937+0 1 Jinan. 1in March, 938, he joined the All-China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles and served as the director of the General Affairs Department. During the eight-year anti-Japanese war, he made many contributions to the unity of literary and art circles and the anti-Japanese war. Most of his works during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period were aimed at directly serving the national liberation. At the beginning of the war, he enthusiastically advocated popular literature and art, and wrote and publicized small works such as anti-Japanese drums, cross talks and pendants for artists to sing. Later, he turned to drama creation which was directly publicized to the masses, and created more than one script 10, such as Remnant Fog, Zhang Zizhong and Supreme Realm, praising national integrity, commending patriots and criticizing social abuses that were not conducive to unity and resistance to Japan, which played a positive propaganda role at that time. From 1944, I entered the creation of the novel Four Generations, and returned to the familiar Beijing civil society and the humorous and satirical art I am good at. The novel describes the inner conflict of ordinary people who are deeply bound by traditional ideas at the critical moment of national life and death, the awakening and struggle arising from suffering, and naturally there are negative escapes and shameless depravity. Four generations under one roof is his masterpiece and an important literary achievement during the Anti-Japanese War. 1March, 946, Lao She gave lectures in the United States at the invitation of the State Council. After the expiration of one year, he continued to live in the United States, engaged in creation and translated his works into English.

Knowing that People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, Lao She immediately set off for home. He was very excited about the new atmosphere of the new society, and soon published the drama "Square Pearl" with the theme of artist's life. 195 1 At the beginning of the year, the drama Longxugou was staged and was a great success. Through the joys and sorrows of several families in the complex, the script shows the great changes that are taking place in Beijing and the urban poor who have experienced suffering. This is an ode to New China. Longxugou is a new milestone in Lao She's creation, so it won the honorary title of People's Artist. From 1950s to 1960s, he held various positions in literature and art, politics, society and foreign cultural exchanges, but he still worked hard to create. His works are mainly dramas, such as Stone, Looking at Chang 'an in the West, The Red Chamber, and The Salesgirl. It successfully depicts the spiritual journey of Beijing residents to bid farewell to their old lives and welcome the new era. He also wrote the essay I Love New Beijing. Since the second half of 1950s, Lao She's plays Teahouse, Boxer Rebellion (also known as Shenquan) and Under the Red Flag (unfinished) have turned to describe the historical situation of modern Beijing. Teahouse, with a teahouse as the stage, shows the life scenes and historical trends of three times: the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 in the late Qing Dynasty, the occupation of Beiyang warlords in the early Republic of China, and the eve of the collapse of the Kuomintang regime, writes about the decline of old China, and reveals the truth that we must find another way. Lao She's dramatic art made a great breakthrough in this play. Teahouse is the most famous play on the stage of contemporary China drama. After Camel Xiangzi, he once again won an international reputation for Lao She.

In his creative career of more than 40 years, Lao She has made great progress and breakthrough in thought and art, diligently writing and tirelessly dabbling in various fields of literary creation. He is a prolific writer, who wrote more than 65,438+0,000 works in his life. Persecuted at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution,1threw himself into the water at Taiping Lake in Beijing on August 24th, 966.

1904 165438+ was born on1October 25th, formerly known as Li Yaotang. Chengdu, Sichuan, has no party affiliation. 192 1, admitted to Chengdu International Studies University. 1923 went to Shanghai, then went to Nanjing, studied in the middle school affiliated to Southeast University, and graduated 1925. 1927 lives in France. /kloc-returned to China in 0/928 and served as the editor-in-chief of Shanghai Cultural Life Publishing House and Pingming Publishing House, and the editorial board of Literature Quarterly. 1934 to Japan. After returning to China from 65438 to 0935, he served as the editor-in-chief of Shanghai Cultural Life Publishing House, publishing Cultural Life Series, Literature Series and Small Literature Series. Literature Monthly was founded by 1936 and Jin Yi. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he founded the Lighthouse with Mao Dun and served as the director of the National Anti-Japanese Association of Ren Zhonghua.

After 1950, he successively served as vice chairman and chairman of Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, member of the State Council Culture and Education Committee, member of East China Military and Political Committee, vice chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, vice chairman, acting chairman and chairman of Chinese Writers Association, chairman of Shanghai Branch of Chinese Writers Association, vice chairman of Shanghai CPPCC, editor-in-chief of Literature Monthly and Harvest and Shanghai Literature, and chairman of China Mao Dun Literature Award Committee. 1In March 1993, he was elected as the vice chairman of the Eighth China People's Political Consultative Conference. 1996 12 was elected as the chairman of the fifth Committee of the Chinese Writers Association. 1In March 1998, he was elected as the vice chairman of the 9th China People's Political Consultative Conference. 200 1 12 was elected as the chairman of the sixth Committee of the Chinese Writers Association. He was a deputy to the First to Fourth National People's Congress and a member of the Fifth the NPC Standing Committee.

1922 published new poems such as "the cry of the abused" in the magazine "Current Affairs and Literary News". During his stay in France from 65438 to 0927, he wrote his first novel Death. Family, one of the trilogy 193 1 torrent, was serialized in the times. It is the representative work of Ba Jin and one of the most outstanding works in the history of modern literature in China, and has been translated into more than 20 languages. 1934 wrote three short stories: god, ghost and man. The novels include love trilogy (fog, rain and electricity), torrent trilogy (home, spring and autumn) and anti-Japanese trilogy (fire one, two and three; The novella "Rest Garden" and "Cold Night"). Herzen's memoir Past and Random Thoughts has been translated. From the end of 1978 to August 1986, he wrote a five-volume essay "Random Thoughts". From 1958 to 1962, People's Literature Publishing House published fourteen volumes of Ba Jin's collected works. 1994 All 26 volumes of the complete works of Ba Jin were published. By June of 1994, * * had written and published 120 works, translated 62 foreign works and published 54 monographs on Ba Jin.

198 1 put forward the idea of establishing China Modern Literature Museum. /kloc-0 presided over the opening ceremony in March, 1985, and donated 7,665 books, magazines, newspapers, manuscripts, letters, photos and cultural relics that have been treasured for many years to the Literature Museum. 1994, he donated the magazine Equality edited by him 1927, with 23 volumes in total, which is an orphan of China. 1In June and July of 927, two famous anarchist revolutionaries wrote personal letters to Ba Jin from American prisons; 1950 the commemorative album of the second world peace conference held in Poland, with the signatures of dozens of world celebrities obtained by Ba Jin, is a "national treasure" cultural relic.

1982 was awarded the Dante International Award by Casentino College. 1983 was awarded the French Legion of Honor. 1984 was awarded an honorary doctorate in literature by the Chinese University of Hong Kong. 1990 was awarded the honorary foreign academician and honorary doctor of literature of the American Academy of Literature and Art in 1985 ..1990 won the highest medal of honor of the Soviet Union-the Soviet People's Friendship Medal, and also won the first Fukuoka Asian Culture Award in the same year. 1April, 1993 was awarded "Comfort Award for Senior Writers" by Asian Chinese Writers' Literature Foundation. In the same year, the Italian Montero International Literature Prize jury awarded Ba Jin and the Chinese Writers Association with Ba Jin as its chairman. 1In April, 1994, the First Literary Circle held large-scale photo exhibitions of "Ba Jin and the 20th Century Seminar" and "Give the truth and your heart to the reader-Ba Jin" to commemorate its 90th birthday. 1998 won the highest literary award of Shanghai Municipal People's Government-Outstanding Contribution Award. 1999 10, an asteroid discovered by Schmidt CCD Asteroid Project Team of Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was named "Ba Jin Xing" with the approval of the International Committee for Naming Small Objects.

Life:

Mao Dun (1896- 198 1), formerly known as Dehong, was born in Wuzhen, Tongxiang County, Zhejiang Province. Disillusionment > was born in a scholarly family, his father was a doctor, and his father died at the age of 10. His mother is a woman with knowledge and foresight. It can be said that she is Mao Dun's first teacher. Graduated from Peking University Preparatory College with an excellent score of 65,438+0,965,438+06, and entered the compilation institute of Shanghai Commercial Press in August of the same year. Since then, he has entered the literary world16.6666 Novel Monthly >, and has written a large number of literary papers, advocating that literature should reflect the times and society. 1982, he was wanted by Kuomintang reactionaries, and lived in Japan until 1930, when he returned to China to fight alongside Lu Xun. After the founding of New China, Mao Dun was appointed Minister of Culture. In 65439, he was elected honorary chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and chairman of the Chinese Writers Association.

Second, creation:

(a) the novel:

1. Novel:: is the first work of On Contradiction, which consists of three series of novellas, namely, < Shake > and < Pursuit > were founded in September1927-June 1928.

2.& lt Hong > was created in April-June of 1929, which is an expressionist work with a strong sense of overall invasion.

3. < Midnight >: The original name was published in 1933, which marked a peak of Mao Dun's creation and was his masterpiece.

(2) Short stories:

& lt Wild Rose >,< Rural Trilogy >; ,< Bubble >,< Phantom, Feeling, Memory >,< Smoke is gathering >,< Lin Jiapu >,< Appeal >

③ Prose:

Mao Dun's prose creation occupies an important position in the history of modern prose in China. His prose creation can be roughly divided into three stages:

1. 1927, after the great revolution, he wrote a series of essays, including, < selling tofu by whistle >, < fog > and < knocking at the door >.

In the 1930s, his essays were, < Rural Miscellaneous Scenes >, <, < Dusk >, < Footprints on the Beach >.

The prose created in the 1940s is < Praise of Poplar >.