Chronology of events in this book

About four thousand years ago, the legendary period of Huangdi, Yao, Fu and Yu.

Xia dynasty was founded in 2 1 century BC.

About16th century BC, Shang Tang lost its summer and the Shang Dynasty was established.

About BC14th century, Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin.

About 1 1 century BC, the king of Wu destroyed Yin, and the Western Zhou Dynasty began.

In 84 BC1year, there was a riot in China, and * * * came to power. The history of our country began to have an exact date.

In 77 1 year BC, the dog Rong invaded Haojing and was killed, ending the Western Zhou Dynasty.

In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyi. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty began in the Spring and Autumn Period.

In 685 BC, Qi Huangong ascended the throne, and Guan Zhong was appointed as prime minister.

The battle of Qilu Piao in 684 BC.

In 656 BC, Qi Huangong led the allied forces of Lu and Song to attack Chu.

In 638 BC, Song Xianggong was defeated in the Battle of Song and Chu.

In 632 BC, in the war between Jin and Chu, the Chu army was defeated and Jin Wengong gained the upper hand.

In 623 BC, Qin Mugong ruled Xirong.

In 597 BC, the Jin army was defeated in the battle of Chu Jin. Chu Zhuangwang is dominant.

Confucius was born in 55 BC1year.

In 506 BC, He Lv, the king of Wu, attacked Chu.

In 496 BC, Gou Jian defeated Wu Jun and He Lv died. Prince Fu Cha acceded to the throne.

Since the Warring States Period in 475 BC, China has entered the feudal society.

In 473 BC, the King of Yue Gou Jian destroyed Wu.

In 403, Han, Zhao and Wei were made princes.

In 359 BC (356 BC), Shang Yang began his political reform in the Qin Dynasty.

Sun Bin defeated Wei Jun in the Battle of Maling in 34 1 year BC.

In 307 BC, King Wuling of Zhao practiced riding and shooting of Khufu.

In 284 BC, Le Yi led the five-nation allied forces to cut Qi.

Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao in 283 BC.

In 279 BC, Tian Dan attacked Yan with a fire bull array and recovered.

In 278 BC, the poet Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River.

In 270 BC, Fan Sui entered the Qin Dynasty, and the Qin Dynasty practiced the strategy of attacking from afar and attacking from near.

In the battle of Changping in 260 BC, Bai Qin defeated Zhao Kuo.

In 257 BC, Wei Xinling saved Zhao and defeated Qin Jun.

In 256 BC, the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Zhou Dynasty.

In 238 BC, the king of Qin ruled himself.

In 227, Jing Ke failed to stab the king of Qin.

From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, Qin destroyed six countries.

In 22 1 BC, the king of Qin was renamed the first emperor, and the county system was established.

In 2 13 BC and 2 12 BC, the emperor began to burn books to bury Confucianism.

In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang died, and Li Si and Zhao Gaoli became emperors.

In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Guangwu rebelled, and Liu Bang and Xiang Liang rose up.

In 207 BC, in the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu defeated Qin Jun.

In 206 BC, Liu Bang destroyed Qin. Liu bang was named Hanwang. The calendar year of the Western Han Dynasty began.

At the end of the Chu-Han War in 202 BC, Xiang Yu committed suicide and Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor.

In 200 BC, Emperor Gaozu was besieged in Deng Bai.

In BC 196, Emperor Gaozu killed Han Xin and Peng Yue.

In 65438 BC+088 BC, Lv Hou came to Korea.

After the death of Lv Hou in BC 180, he acceded to the throne with Zhou Boying.

In BC 167, Ti Ying wrote that the Emperor China abolished corporal punishment.

The rebellion of the seven kingdoms of Wu and Chu in BC 154.

In 65438 BC+038 BC and 65438 BC+065438 BC+09 BC, Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions twice.

In BC 133, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty lured Xiongnu soldiers to Mayi. The Sino-Hungarian War began.

In 1 19 BC, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing defeated the Xiongnu, and the Xiongnu retreated to the northwest of the desert.

In 100 BC, Su Wu went to Xiongnu and was detained (19 years later returned to Han).

In 99 BC, Sima Qian went to prison.

In 87 BC, Emperor Zhao Di ascended the throne, assisted by Huo Guang.

In 33 BC, Uhaanyehe went to Chang 'an and Wang Zhaojun went to Xiongnu.

After eight years of propaganda, Wang Mang established a new dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty perished.

A.D. 17-27 Greenwood and Red Eyebrow Uprising.

In the battle of Kunyang in 23 AD, Liu Xiu defeated Wang Mang's army and the new dynasty perished.

In AD 25, Liu Xiu established the Eastern Han Dynasty.

In 67 AD, the Chinese ambassador returned to China from Tianzhu to learn from the scriptures.

In 73 AD, Ban Chao made his first mission to the Western Regions.

In A.D. 132, Zhang Heng made a seismograph.

A.D. 166 First Party Occlusion Event.

In 169, Mars, Fan Pang and others were killed.

184, Zhang Jiao led the Yellow Scarf Army uprising.

Dong Zhuo entered Luoyang in 189.

In A.D. 190, the prefect of Kanto began to beg Dong Zhuo.

In A.D. 196, Cao Cao welcomed the procedure of Emperor Xiandi moving the capital.

In the battle of Guandu in 200 AD, Cao Cao was roughly Yuan Shao.

In 208 AD, Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun Quan and Liu Bei jointly defeated Cao Jun. ..

In 2 14, Liu Bei marched into Yizhou.

Cao Cao died in 220 AD. Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Wei. The Eastern Han Dynasty perished.

In 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Han, which was called by history.

In 222 AD, Liu Bei was defeated by Lu Xun in the battle of Yiling (Xiaoting).

In 225 AD, Zhuge Liang pacified Nanzhong and captured Meng Huo in the seventh place.

In 229 AD, the newly-born Sun was named Wu.

In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang was stationed in Wuzhangyuan and died of illness.

In 249 AD, Sima Yi killed Cao Shuang.

In 263 AD, Zhong Hui and Deng Ai attacked Shu and Shu died.

In 265 AD, Wei Emperor was abolished, the Western Jin Dynasty was established, and Wei died.

In 280 AD, Jin Deyu and Wang Jun attacked Wu, and Wu died.

A.D. 29 1-306 Eight Kings Rebellion.

30 1 year, clan member Te Li led the uprising.

In 308 AD, Liu Yuan, a Hun, proclaimed himself emperor.

On 3 16 AD, Xiongnu Liu Yao captured Chang 'an and died in the Western Jin Dynasty.

In 3 17, Si Marui ascended the throne in Jiankang, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty began.

In 3 19 AD, Schleswig, a Jiezu, was made King of Zhao.

In 354 AD, Huan Wen went north and reached Bashang.

Before 376 AD, Qin and Fu Jian unified the north.

In the Battle of Feishui in 383 AD, Fu Jian's massive attack on the Eastern Jin Dynasty failed.

Sun En Uprising in 399 AD.

In 420 AD, Emperor Wu of Song established the Song Dynasty (Liu Song) and the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished. The Northern and Southern Dynasties began.

In 439 AD, the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North.

In 462 AD, Zu Chongzhi created the calendar of the Ming Dynasty.

In 479 AD, Xiao Daocheng proclaimed himself emperor, founded Nanqi, and died in the Song Dynasty.

In 493 AD, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang.

In 502 AD, Xiao Yan proclaimed himself emperor, established the Liang Dynasty, and Southern Qi perished.

The Six Towns Uprising in 523 AD.

In 534, the Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into the Western Wei Dynasty and the Eastern Wei Dynasty.

Hou Jing Rebellion in 548-552.

In 550 AD, Levin established the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Eastern Wei Dynasty perished.

In 557 AD, he proclaimed himself emperor, established the Chen Dynasty, and Liang died. The word Wenjue established the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The death of the Western Wei Dynasty.

In 53 1 year, Emperor Wendi proclaimed himself emperor, founded the Sui Dynasty, and died in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and unified China.

In 605 AD, Sui established the East Capital and dug the Grand Canal.

A.D. 6 1 1 The peasant uprising began in the late Sui Dynasty.

In 6 13, Yang Di failed to conquer Korea again. Yang Xuangan fought against Sui Dynasty.

In 6 17 ad, wagang army occupied xingluocang; Tang Gaozu Taiyuan arise.

In 6 18, Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor and founded the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Yang Di was killed and Sui died.

Li Shimin pacified its eastern capital in 62 1 year.

In 626 AD, Xuanwu Gate changed and Emperor Taizong acceded to the throne.

In 629 AD, Xuanzang went to Tianzhu to learn from the scriptures.

In 630 AD, the Eastern Turkistan was destroyed in the Tang Dynasty. The leaders of all ethnic groups respected Emperor Taizong as "Tiankhan".

In 64 1 year, Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty married Tubo Songzan Gambu.

Tang Gaozong died in 683, and Wu Zetian came to Korea.

In 690 AD, Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor and changed the title of Zhou.

In July12, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty acceded to the throne, and Yao Chong was appointed Prime Minister the following year.

In 755, An Lushan rebelled, and Yan Gaoqing and Yan Zhenqing sent troops to resist.

In 756 AD, Mayi mutinied. Tang Suzong acceded to the throne.

In 757 AD, Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan kept Suiyang; Guo Ziyi recovered Chang 'an and Luoyang.

In 762 AD, the poet Li Bai died.

The Anshi Rebellion ended in 763 AD.

In 770 AD, the poet Du Fu died.

In 783, Juba rebelled.

In 805 AD, Wang Dui carried out reforms (Yongzheng Reform).

In August17, Pei Du and Li Su tried to pacify Huaixi.

Han Yu, a writer, died in 824 AD.

The change of manna in 835 ad.

In 846 AD, the poet Bai Juyi died of illness.

Wang Xianzhi Uprising in 874 AD.

In 880 AD, Huang Chao entered Chang 'an and established the Daqi regime.

In 907, Zhu Wen proclaimed himself emperor and established the back beam. The Tang Dynasty perished and the Five Dynasties period began.

In 9 16, Lu Ye baoji of qidan proclaimed himself emperor.

In 923, the back beam was destroyed and the later Tang Dynasty was established.

In 936 AD, Shi Jingtang destroyed the later Tang Dynasty with Qidan soldiers, established the latter Jin Dynasty, and ceded sixteen states to Qidan.

In 946 AD, the Khitan was destroyed after the Jin Dynasty.

In 947, Qidan was renamed Liao. Liu Zhiyuan proclaimed himself emperor,

After the establishment of the Han dynasty.

In 95 1 year, Guo Wei proclaimed himself emperor, and the later Zhou Dynasty was established and the later Han Dynasty perished.

In the Battle of Gaoping in 954, Zhou Shizong defeated the Northern Han Dynasty.

Zhou Shizong died in 959.

In 960, Zhao Kuangyin proclaimed himself emperor, founded the Northern Song Dynasty, and died the following week. The end of the Five Dynasties.

In 986, the Northern Song Dynasty failed to levy Liao, and Yang Ye died.

In 993, Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun revolted.

In A.D. 1004, Kou Zhun guaranteed Song Zhenzong's personal expedition, which was an alliance of Song, Liao and Zen.

1038, Tangut Yuan Hao proclaimed himself emperor and established Xixia.

In A.D. 1043, Fan Zhongyan implemented the New Deal.

1069, Wang Anshi's political reform began.

1084, Sima Guang completed Zi Tongzhi Jian.

1 1 15 years, the nuzhen nationality Hong Yan Akuta proclaimed himself emperor and established the Jin Dynasty.

Fang La Uprising 1 120.

A.D. 1 125 Jin destroyed Liao.

In 1 127, Jin Bing invaded Tokyo and died in the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Gaozong acceded to the throne, and the Southern Song Dynasty began.

1 130 Zhongxiang uprising. Han Shizhong stopped 8 jin j in Huang Tiandang.

11In the battle of Yancheng in 40, Yue Fei defeated the Jin Army.

A.D. 1 14 1 Song, Jin, Shao and Xing Hehe. The following year, Yue Fei was killed.

In the quarrying battle of 1 16 1, the Jin army was defeated.

Xin Qiji went to Jiankang in AD 1 162.

A.D. 1206 The Northern Expedition of Han Wa Zhou failed. Temujin unified Mongolia and called Genghis Khan.

The poet Lu You died in 12 10.

1234, Mongolia destroyed gold.

127 1 year, Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Yuan.

In AD 1276, the Yuan Army captured Lin 'an.

In A.D. 1279, the Yuan Army captured Lushan Mountain and died in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Wen Tianxiang died on 1283.

The Red Scarf Army Uprising in A.D. 135 1.

1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor and established the Ming Dynasty. The Ming army invaded Dadu, and Yuan died.

In A.D. 1403, Judy of Rebecca entered Yingtian and her whereabouts were unknown.

1403 ——1433 Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Ocean.

The change of civil fort in A.D. 1449: Yu Qian led the army and civilians to defend Beijing.

A.D. 1457, the change of seizing the door; Yu Qian was killed.

Qi Uprising in A.D. 15 10.

1565, Qi Jiguang and Yu basically wiped out the enemy.

1572, Zhang's auxiliary reform began.

Li Shizhen died in 1593.

In A.D. 160 1 year, Ge Xian led the struggle of Suzhou weavers against tax supervision.

16 16 years after the establishment of Nurhachi.

Battle of Salhu in A.D. 16 19.

In 1625, Yang Lian and Zuo Guangdou were killed by eunuchs.

In a.d. 1626, Suzhou citizens rioted and Yan and others died. In the battle of Ningyuan, Nurhachi was seriously injured and died.

A.D. 1628 Peasant Uprising in Northern Shaanxi.

Xu Guangqi died on 1633.

In A.D. 1636, Li Zicheng was called King Chuang. Later, Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor and changed his title to Qing.

164 1 year, Li Zicheng defeated Luoyang and Zhang defeated Xiangyang. Xu Xiake passed away.

In A.D. 1644, Li Zicheng established the Dashun regime, entered Beijing and died in the Ming Dynasty. Wu Sangui fell to the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing soldiers entered the customs.

In a.d. 1645, the Qing army went south, and Shi Kefa kept Yangzhou.

Xia Wanchun was killed in a.d. 1647.

Li Dingguo defeated the Qing army in Guilin on 1652.

In A.D. 1662, Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province Province.

In 168 1 year, Emperor Kangxi put down the rebellion in San Francisco.

Died in ancient times 1682.

The battle of jaxa between 1685 and 1686.

1689, China and Russia signed the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu.

1690, 1696, 1697, Emperor Kangxi had three signs of galdan.

Cao Xueqin died in a.d. 1764.

A.D. 1782 The Complete Book of Siku was compiled.

A.D. 1796- 1805 White Lotus Uprising.

Up and down five thousand years

postscript

Since the first edition of 1979 was published, Five Thousand Years Up and Down has had such a wide influence in society, which is my beginning.

Unexpectedly. This book was originally written for children. Later, I learned that there are not only a large number of young students and jobs among readers.

There are also many workers and old people. I personally met Xu at the Shanghai Book Fair held in Hong Kong in June. 1984.

Many young people in Hong Kong bid for this book and enthusiastically ask for autographs. I also know that some old people have bought it for five thousand years.

For children living abroad, in order to let the next generation know more about the history of the motherland and the nation, live in a foreign country and never forget it.

Not at all.

Up and down for five thousand years, heroes come forth in large numbers. The Chinese nation has always been famous for its diligence, courage and wisdom. Our ancestors

Children have created a splendid national culture; Outstanding representatives of our nation-many outstanding thinkers, politicians and military personnel.

Economists, writers, scientists, artists, many national heroes and uprising leaders regard their achievements and merits as their own nation.

The historical picture adds luster. Looking back on the history of 5,000 years, everyone in China is really proud. I think, we

It is with such deep feelings that our readers love this book. Of course, studying history is not only nostalgia for the past, but also weight.

The important thing is to create the future, carry forward our long-standing patriotic tradition and inspire us to revitalize China and build socialism.

The ambition of a modern power.

Stories about historical knowledge are history first, and then stories. I'd rather dilute the story than make it up.

Part, applied to writing. This is the principle to follow in writing this book. Of course, before being loyal to historical facts and taking care of historical systematicness,

By the way, what historical materials are used to reflect the activities of historical figures from what angle; What to take, what to give up, what to refine and what to become.

In short, the author has a lot of choices. For example, I wrote about the struggle between Lindong Party and Yen Party in Ming Dynasty, but I didn't write about the so-called early stage of this struggle.

"Fighting for the country" and "Three Cases" are trivial matters of officials and unnecessary disputes among bureaucratic groups, and Fang Bao's Zuo Zhong is directly adopted.

Gong Yi's anecdote and Zhang Qian's five tombs. This may not reflect the whole picture or essence of this historical event, but I

I think these two stories are very touching. If the author has any tendency in selecting materials, it is to pay attention to development.

The traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, especially a kind of courage, a kind of "wealth can not be lewd, poverty can not be moved,

The heroic spirit of "mighty and unyielding"

History cannot repeat itself, but history is a mirror, which seems to be recognized throughout the ages. In this section,

In the stories collected in the book, it is not difficult for readers to find something useful for reference; About some outstanding historical figures, I

Students can also learn some ideological and moral sentiments, which is still of certain educational significance. But as I said in the preface,

However, we can't use a story to fully reflect historical figures. For some outstanding historical figures, mainly write their positive.

One side (for this side, only according to historical narrative, no virtual beauty description, no characters), but this does not mean them.

There is no negative side. Any outstanding historical figure has his shortcomings or mistakes. For example, patriotic generals and people in ancient times

National heroes and politicians who insist on reform, their patriotic and just activities are almost mixed with feudal loyalty to the monarch. we

We can't go beyond historical conditions and demand the ancients, nor can we blindly worship the ancients without historical conditions.

Although I have read some history books and have a strong interest in history, I lack systematic research after all. In the book

In the process of sorting and editing, I spent more time consulting historical materials, but due to the lack of materials at hand and time, I don't

There is nothing missing. After the first edition came out, many readers not only gave enthusiastic support and encouragement to this book, but also put forward some suggestions.

Valuable opinions have greatly helped the revision of this book. I would like to take this opportunity of publishing the revised edition to express my heartfelt thanks to the enthusiastic readers.

Sincere thanks to the editors, experts and readers who supported this book.

Cao zhangyu

1984 Lunar New Year's Eve

-This book has been finished-