China's ancient painting is a picture of China's ancient social life described and recorded by artists in the form of painting in the long process of China's cultural development, which is referred to as "Chinese painting" or "Chinese painting" for short. Chinese painting emphasizes "the nature of foreign teachers, the source of China's heart" and requires both form and spirit, so as to achieve "the brushwork is first and the painting is full of meaning."

From the time point of view, China ancient paintings generally refer to the paintings of various societies before the feudal society in China, including primitive society, slave society, feudal society and other painting relics left by thousands of years of long civilization.

In China's ancient paintings and Chinese paintings, it is emphasized that "nature is made by foreign teachers, and the heart comes from China", and both form and spirit are required to describe the spirit, so as to achieve the purpose of "painting with intention before writing".

The representatives of Chinese painting are Gu Kaizhi, Wu Daozi, Zhang Hong and Xu Wei. Chinese paintings mainly focus on figures, landscapes and flowers and birds. Figure painting appeared before landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting. Figure painting can be further divided into Taoist painting and lady painting. Generally speaking, flower-and-bird paintings include feathered animals, flowers, fruits, birds, insects and fish. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was popular to draw flowers without writing the whole plant, but only some branches broken from the trunk, hence the name "broken branches". Landscape painting mainly describes the natural scenery of mountains and rivers.

Various painted pottery patterns in the Neolithic Age are the earliest extant paintings of China. In addition to beautiful decoration, painting also plays the role of respecting morality, merit and education, and is gradually applied to various occasions.

There are not many relics of pre-Qin paintings, mainly tomb murals. Now it is found that some silk paintings in the Warring States period are mostly positive, which makes it easier to show the main characteristics of the characters. Moreover, multiple roles can be arranged side by side in a picture, which avoids complex sequence hierarchy. For example, the dragon and phoenix pictures have simple lines and simple colors. Its era is later, at the turn of the middle and late Warring States period, the lines are more uniform and smooth, full of rhythm, showing a state of floating clothes and more complicated color settings. According to legend, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created a secret pavilion and collected famous calligraphy and painting. The Emperor of the Han and Yuan Dynasties placed a painter on the square. It is said that the painter Mao Yanshou abandoned the market because of the portrait of Wang Zhaojun.

Emperor Han Ming of the East was elegant, set up a painting officer, and ordered painters to paint images such as Ban Gu and Jia Kui. Return the dream image of the golden man; He also made a map around the tower three times on the wall of Baima Temple. The deeds of famous painters have been recorded since Cai Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Gu Kaizhi (346-409) was born in Wuxi, Jinling. Every painter is successful, often after a few years, he said, "the vivid portrayal is blocked." Gu Kaizhi painted a portrait of Pei Kai, and the last three brushes painted three hairs on his cheek, which made the viewer sigh vividly.

"Pictorial" said that Gu Kaizhi used pens such as "Spring Silkworm Spinning" to "dye the faces of characters, embellish them with rich colors, and do not seek dizzy ornaments". His paintings have been copied in today's edition, such as The True Story of a Woman, The Goddess of Luo, The Picture of Qin, The Picture of a Woman, etc.

Wu Daozi (about 685-758) was born in Yangzhai, Tokyo (now Yuxian, Henan). He is particularly good at arithmetic. In the early years, the brushwork was acceptable, and in the middle age, it was like a water shield leaf. He changed the iron line drawing with uniform thickness since Gu Kaizhi, and broke through the appearance of "Cao clothes out of water" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. His brushwork is round and his clothes are fluttering, showing a unique style of "Five Dynasties as the wind". His paintings are simple and light, slightly stained with brown ink marks, which is called "lightly brushing painters".

After the middle Tang Dynasty, the national situation gradually declined, and social customs changed from magnificent to simple and hard. Influenced by Zen thought, scholar-officials are detached from things. Landscape painting changed from resplendent to light ink, and Wang Wei's broken ink landscape came into being, which was the origin of China literati painting and established the status of landscape painting.

Wu Daozi landscape is the liberation and evolution of Jin and Sui landscape, and Wang Wei is the progress of Wu Daozi landscape. In Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang took Li Sixun as the ancestor of Northern Sect and Wang Wei as the ancestor of Southern Sect. Wang Qia, who is good at splashing ink on landscapes, is called "Wang Mo" and "Wang Mo".

Painting has all jumped into the field of literature in the Song Dynasty, tending to the development of poetic landscape flowers, and no longer paying attention to the efforts of Taoist interpretation of painting. However, in the early Song Dynasty, Seo Woo, Gao Yi, Gao, Wu Zongyuan and other famous artists were inherited. There are very few inscriptions and paintings in the Tang Dynasty and even in the early Song Dynasty, and some even the signatures of painters are very inconspicuous.

It was not until the Song Dynasty that the inscription and postscript really began, and books, paintings and poems (including words, poems and essays) became one. Many poems and paintings with inscriptions complement each other, such as Su Shi's The Night Scene of Hui Chong Riverside. This greatly improved the artistic taste of painting and calligraphy art itself, and the relationship between "skill" and "art" in calligraphy art was more clearly understood by people.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the painting of "Four Kings and Five Games" was the most famous. Wu Yun, the four great kings of the Qing Dynasty, was keen on using dry pen to dry ink, believed in Dong Qichang's painting theory, paid attention to copying the ancients, and showed carefree literati interest, ignoring learning from nature. At the same time, some painters in the early Qing Dynasty held completely different artistic ideas from the "Four Kings", taking the "Four Monks" as the most typical example, and attached importance to painting real life feelings.

The "four monks" include Jianjiang (16 10- 1664), Shexian County, Anhui Province, Kun Can (16 12- 1692) and Hunan Province. Shi Tao (about1642 ——1718),No. Dadizi, Qing Xiang, etc. (1744- 1802) inherited the painting style of some painters of Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics, and influenced later Zhao (1829- 1884) and Wu Changshuo (1844-1).

The mountain forest written by Shi Tao and the strange bird in Ugly Times written by Badashanren became the pinnacle of China's ancient painting.

At present, Chinese painting presents a colorful face and develops to multi-dimensional space. However, many painters are puzzled by the innovation of painting content, method and standard evaluation and the development trend of Chinese painting. Some artists talk about innovation and development, but their works are in a mediocre state of "no traditional ideas and no new ideas". Some artists fall into the quagmire of material innovation, study the changes of paper and pigment, and strive to establish a personalized image.

As a part of world culture, Chinese painting is bound to enhance its artistic influence under the influence of global economic development and cultural communication. By renewing creative themes and improving painting skills, Chinese painting will be presented to the world with a new attitude of continuous development. ?

Source: Baidu Encyclopedia?