Agriculture 1. The unit of tenancy custom land area is called dou, city, province and river. The size of buckets and stones varies from place to place. One stone and two baskets of rice (about 150 kg); There are also seedlings planted with a bucket of grain seeds, called a bucket of fields. The former has a bucket of four stones, while the latter has ten buckets of one stone (one bucket is equivalent to one acre). Now it is 60 square meters, and the abbot is a standard mu. Before the land reform, farmers farmed or farmed or rented. Tenancy is divided into "black village", "red village" and "pawn". The owner of the black manor is a moderately well-off household. Lease farmland, Shan Ye, gardens, ponds, houses and other plots to relatives and friends, and get a certain deposit for a long time. Rent grain or 28%, or 37%, with pigs, sheep, chickens, ducks, fresh fish and miscellaneous grains. The grain is paid by the lessee. On holidays and weddings, funerals and celebrations of the host family, tenants must send money and deliver goods in parallel to help workers. When autumn is ripe, the tenant invites the host family to "watch the field and watch the class" and also gives a banquet to entertain them. If you cancel the lease, you must refund the deposit. These are all written in the contract. Hongzhuangtian, the land is not necessarily a piece, and the lease period is short. The deposit will not be refunded after it expires. Rent or 37, or 46, miscellaneous categories are exempted, and the land is borne by the owner. The contract also proves this. Dividing fields is often a small owner. The owner gives a part of the land to the customer for farming, without taking a deposit or writing a contract, or the China people negotiate, or both parties negotiate. Harvest distribution "Tian Si" and "Dian Liu", the main family only collects rice, not miscellaneous grains. There are also "46" (Liu Tian Dian Si). This kind of cattle and seeds must be cultivated by the owner. The new valley debuted and the owner personally accepted it. Some ruined landlords temporarily pawn their land to others, and the valuation is lower than 20~30% of the selling price, commonly known as "deed of sale". If it cannot be redeemed within the prescribed time limit, the price increase can be "intermittent", which is also commonly known as "dead deed". During the pawn period, the guests don't pay the rent, but collect the grain. When signing the contract, the guest will handle the wine, and the host, guests, Chinese and related relatives and friends will be present to discuss and agree. After the contract is written, the subject, guests and China people should sign it. Second, farming habits Every year before the Spring Festival, every household will buy a lunar calendar (commonly known as the "imperial calendar") and hang it under the shrine of the main house. They read it from time to time and check festivals. People associate festivals with agriculture and create proverbs to guide agriculture. For example, "in February and a half, gourds and pumpkins were planted"; "Qingming bubble seeds, Grain Rain under the seedlings"; "Before Grain Rain, I planted cotton; After Grain Rain, plant beans well "; "Erfu beans with sesame seeds on their heads" (mung beans and mud beans); "Buckwheat and white dew vegetables in summer" (cabbage, radish); "The first frost is cold peas and wheat, and the cows in beginning of winter don't rest, and the accumulated fertilizer fills the gap in the pond (referring to the place where the ridge is washed away by water)" and so on. Now scientific farming, planting "double-cropping rice", the first season is not inserted "five? 6? 1 one seedling ",don't insert" eight "in the second season? 6? 1 one seedling ",and each culture link is set more tightly. All localities often prepare for ploughing in January and February, "raise boards" (plow fields in winter) before Qingming, and then set up paddy fields after Qingming. Rice fields are leveled, soil is revitalized, and seeds are soaked at the same time. When soaking seeds, farmers grab a handful of grain and put it on a plate, in front of a shrine or on a stove, praying for God to bless the grain harvest in Miao Zhuang. Grain seeds are scattered in paddy fields, submerged in shallow water, and people who tie grass scare sparrows. Nowadays, it takes more effort to raise seedlings in warm soup, greenhouse and nylon film. After the seedlings are planted, commercial pots are built to raise cotton seedlings, flowers are used to grow sesame fields, silkworms are used to promote vegetables, and grass is cut to press the fields. Harvesting peas, rape and wheat means irrigating fields and transplanting rice seedlings. People in mountainous and hilly areas build ridges and sow soybeans on the edge of the ridges. Then the threshing floor threshes wheat and hoes the ground. On rainy days, he inserts red stalks, weaves straw sandals and makes dustpans. Silkworm town rain or shine, day and night. After the rice seedlings turn green, mow and fertilize immediately to prevent insects and insects; After tillering and fruiting, rice is ditched, dried and cut. Then, autumn harvest, autumn sowing and autumn fertilizer. Not only industrial fertilizers (nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, etc.) are used in this area. ), but also like to use farm manure to maintain soil fertility, mainly including: farm manure, soil manure, green manure, cake fertilizer and so on. Third, the farming proverb "taro should be deep-rooted, and cabbage should be transplanted and ditched"; Sesame don't dung, nailed to the sun "; It is better to plant seedlings overnight than to plant seedlings in the open. "Rape is planted in the heart and cabbage is planted in the roots"; Peas can fertilize the fields and can only be planted for one year. "If the corn is big, don't fight with the leaves." Three inches of loess ploughing equals the last dung. Crops are better, ploughing is deep and fat "and" ploughing is deep in winter and producing gold "; Autumn ploughing is deep and winter ploughing is shallow "; Deeply plough and rake to prevent weeds from growing. When you come into contact with the fields as an adult, you will not worry about eating and drinking. "... Fourth, there are many climate and agricultural proverbs circulating in the fields. For example, "the sun is on, there are still three days to change"; There is hair on the moon and water on the bridge "; The stars flash for three days, and the sky changes for three days "; The stars blink, and the rain is not far away. "The morning glow never dies, and the sunset glow goes to Wan Li"; The rainbow sun in the east and the rainbow rain in the west are sunny every day, and the top of the mountain is not sunny "; Thunder hits the top of the head, and the rain is small and harmless; Thunder hit the horizon, and the rain poured down and the snow closed (referring to the snow at dusk), three feet deep "; Sleet, half a month " ...