(1) When the electronic signature production data is used for electronic signature, it belongs to the electronic signer: face biometrics, bank card elements and other technical means are used for real-name authentication to ensure that the electronic signature issued is owned by a special person;
(2) When signing, the electronic signature production data is only controlled by the electronic signer: encrypt the login, and reserve the random dynamic password of the mobile phone to ensure that the signature behavior is controlled by the signer;
(3) Any changes to the electronic signature after signature can be found: the CA certificate is issued by the national authority, and the uniqueness of the fingerprint of the certificate is guaranteed, which makes the tampering invalid and can identify the authenticity and validity of the signature;
(4) Any changes to the content and form of the data message after signature can be found. A reliable electronic signature has the same legal effect as a handwritten signature or seal: the contract documents are converted into tamper-proof PDF, stamped with the time stamp of the National Time Service Center, and jointly stored by the authoritative judicial authentication center and the third-party platform, thus verifying the authenticity of the contract.
Judging from the judicial practice, the judge can judge whether the electronic signature is exclusive and controlled by the signer, whether the digital certificate is controlled by the electronic signer when signing the data message, and the technical scheme of the electronic signature (if the digital signature technology is adopted, it can generally be considered as a reliable electronic signature).