supplementary question: I still remember that I was seven or eight years old (probably in 1956), and I spent ten cents to buy a set of bookmarks about ten scenic spots in Shanghai. I remember that there were International Hotel, Peace Hotel, Jing 'an Temple, Jiuqu Bridge of Chenghuang Temple, Chen Yingshi Memorial Tower in Laoximen ... and a "jathyapple in Fenglin". I have found all the five places mentioned above. There are five other places that I am afraid I will never find again in my life. At that time, in order to see the scenery of "Fenglin jathyapple", I walked all the way from afternoon to dark, from Gaochang Temple (near Jiangnan Shipyard) to Fenglin Bridge. At that time, I found Xiaomuqiao Road and Fenglinqiao Road. There were wooden bridge piles of Xiaomuqiao on Zhaojiabang near Xiaomuqiao Road, but no traces of Fenglinqiao were found. At that time, Zhaojiabang was a stinking stinking water city, and there was no scenery of "Fenglin jathyapple" on the bookmark. For decades, the scenery of "Fenglin jathyapple" in Shanghai has been lingering in my dream. Who can help me find the bookmark of "Fenglin jathyapple"? Even a remake of the photo will do! !
Questioner: chanhong-the best answer
Introduction of the Ten Scenes of the West Lake
The Ten Scenes of the West Lake were formed in the Southern Song Dynasty, basically distributed around the West Lake, and some of them were located on the lake. Su Causeway Chunxiao, Quyuan Fenghe, Pinghu Qiuyue, Broken Bridge Canxue, Liulang Wenying, Huagang Fish Watching, Leifeng Sunset, Twin Peaks Inserting Clouds, Nanping Evening Bell, Santan Yinyue, and the ten scenic spots of the West Lake are good at winning, and together they can represent the essence of the ancient West Lake. Therefore, both Hangzhou locals and tourists from other places talk about it, and it is better to swim first.
1. Su Causeway Chunxiao Su Causeway starts at the foot of Nanping Mountain in the south and ends at Qixia Mountain in the north, with a total length of nearly three kilometers. She was constructed by dredging the West Lake and using the dredged mud when Su Dongpo, a great poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, was appointed as the magistrate of Hangzhou. Later generations named Su Dongpo Su Causeway to commemorate her achievements in managing the West Lake. The waves lying on the long embankment connect the southern and northern mountains, adding a charming landscape to the West Lake. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Su Causeway Chunxiao was listed as the first of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake, and in the Yuan Dynasty, it was also called "Six Bridges and Willow" and was listed as the ten scenic spots in Qian Qian, which shows that she has been deeply loved by people since ancient times.
After the cold winter, Su Causeway is like a graceful herald of spring, with willows on the shore, gorgeous peaches burning, and a mirror-like lake, reflecting beautiful images and infinite tenderness. The most touching thing is that at the dawn, when the moon sinks in the western hills, the breeze blows slowly, and the willows are curled up and floating on the embankment, which is fascinating.
Su Causeway's long causeway is extended, and six bridges are undulating, providing visitors with a leisurely and changeable tour line. Walking on dikes and bridges, the scenery of lakes and mountains unfolds like a picture, and there are thousands of customs for everyone to appreciate. The six arch bridges on the Su Causeway are named Yingbo, Suolan, Wangshan, Dike, Dongpu and Cross Rainbow from south to north. What you can see at the bridge head leads the way: Yingbo Bridge and Huagang Park are adjacent to each other, and the weeping willows cross the rain and the smoke waves are swaying; Lock Lan Bridge looks at Xiaoyingzhou near, and looks at Baoshu Tower far away, which is close to reality and far from emptiness; Looking to the west on the Wangshan Bridge, Dingjiashan is lush, and the two peaks are towering into the clouds; The embankment bridge is located in the golden section between the north and the south of Su Causeway. In the old days, it was also a waterway passage for lake boats to go east and west. The "Su Causeway Chunxiao" Jingbei Pavilion is just south of the bridge. Dongpu Bridge has reason to suspect that it is a myth of Shupu Bridge, which is one of the best spots to watch the sunrise on the lake. Cross Hongqiao to see the rainbow flying in the sky after the rain, and the lakes and mountains are shining like fairyland. Traffic conditions: Take bus No.57, 54, K4 and Tour No.2 and get off at Su Causeway Station.
2. Quyuan Fenghe Quyuan Fenghe, with the theme of watching the lotus in summer, inherits the spring dawn in Su Causeway and ranks second among the ten scenic spots in the West Lake. "Quyuan" was originally a brewing workshop opened by the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court. It is located near Hongchunqiao, Lingyin Road, near the shore of the West Lake at that time. Lotus flowers were cultivated on the shore of the lake. In summer, when it is breezy in Xu Lai, the fragrance of lotus and wine is flowing everywhere, which makes people drunk without drinking. Wang Yan, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem praising: "Summer-seekers return to the cold spring, and it is cool in the evening at the pier. Aiqu Fragrant Array follows people far away, and only after crossing Gao Qiao can we buy a boat. " The post-Quyuan gradually declined and abandoned. After Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty titled the Ten Scenes of West Lake, he built a pavilion with wind and lotus scenery in Quyuan in Su Causeway across Hongqiao. What remains is just a small lotus flower on the lake in front of a small courtyard.
The most striking thing about the wind load in Quyuan is still enjoying the load in summer. Hundreds of varieties of lotus are cultivated in the large and small lotus ponds in the park, among which the wind and lotus scenic spots are particularly charming. Here, the water is the main surface, and there are many famous species of lotus, such as red lotus, white lotus, heavy lotus, sprinkled lotus, and bindilian. The lotus leaves and fields are enchanting. Small bridges with different shapes are set up on the water surface, and people cross the bridge. For example, when walking in Holland, people lean on flowers, flowers reflect people's faces, and flowers and people fall in love. Traffic conditions: Take bus 57, 538 and 15 to Quyuan Fenghe Station.
3. Pinghu Qiuyue Pinghu Qiuyue Scenic Area is located at the western end of Bai Causeway, at the southern foot of Gushan Mountain, near the West Lake. In fact, as one of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake, there was no fixed scenic spot for the autumn moon in Pinghu in the Southern Song Dynasty. This is not difficult to see from the perspective of the poems of scholars in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties that praised this scene at that time, such as "The moon is cold and cold, and the spring is stagnant, so where is the eulogy for boating"; Ming Hongzhan Zu wrote in his poem: "Autumn Ge people climb the waves and wrinkle, and the fairy mountains and castles are dusty in the mirror. "In the woodcut prints of the Ten Scenes of the West Lake in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the picture of Autumn Moon in Pinghu is still dominated by tourists looking up at the moon in the lake boat.
Hutianyibilou, located to the west of the scenic spot, was originally a relic of the private villa "Luoyuan" of Hatong, a wealthy Jewish businessman and "adventurer" in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, and later became the cradle of modern woodcut movement in China-the location of Bayi Art Society. Today, it is turned into Xiling Painting and Calligraphy Institute, which adds a bookish atmosphere to the beautiful scenery of Hushan. Traffic conditions: Get off at Yuefen Station of No.27 and No.7..
4. Broken Bridges Broken Bridges are located at the eastern end of Bai Causeway. Among many bridges of West Lake, ancient and modern, she is the most famous. It is said that as early as the Tang Dynasty, the broken bridge was built, and the word "broken bridge" was included in Zhang Hu's poem "On the Gushan Temple in Hangzhou". There is a quip in "Talking about Picking up Cuisine in Xizi Lake" by Wang Keyu, a Ming Dynasty: "The victory of the West Lake, the sunny lake is not as good as the rainy lake, the rainy lake is not as good as the moon lake, and the moon lake is not as good as the snowy lake ... How many people in the world can really lead the landscape!" Hangzhou, located in the south of the Yangtze River, has a short snow period every year, and heavy snow days are even more rare. Once the silver makeup is wrapped, it will create a snowy lake that is very different from the usual time and scenery.
today's broken bridge is an arched single-hole circular-hole stone bridge rebuilt in 1921. It is 8.8 meters long and 8.6 meters wide, and the single-hole clear span is 6.1 meters. It was overhauled years ago, but its simple and elegant style has remained basically unchanged. On the east side of the bridge, there is a monument pavilion with Kangxi imperial theme, and a water pavilion is built on the side of the pavilion. The inscription "Clouds in the water", blue tiles and bamboo columns, cornices and upturned corners, together with the bridge and pavilion, form a classical painting in the northeast corner of the West Lake.
Li Liufang, a Ming painter, wrote in "Inscription on the Sleeping Tour Map of the West Lake-Broken Bridge for Spring": "When you go to the lake, you will die from the broken bridge. It is also said that as far as we know, the lake is as faint as a tree in the morning and a bright moon in the Lu. Covering the mountains and rivers reflects the hair, and there is a huge immersion in other places, which is not as good as it is. " From this point of view, if you look at the broken bridge, you can get the essence of the lake and the mountain, and you can't get the residual snow alone! Traffic conditions: get off at K7 Broken Bridge Canxue Station.
5. Today, after nearly forty years of continuous development and construction, the orioles in Liulang have evolved from an imperial garden enjoyed by emperors in those days to a paradise for ordinary people. She still takes the green willow color and graceful warbler singing as the keynote of the park landscape, and plants weeping willows, lion willows, drunken willows, sand willows and other characteristic willows along the embankment of the lake and the main road of the garden road. In the main scenic spot in the middle of the park, the Wenying Pavilion was opened, and the giant net cage "Bird Paradise" was disposed not far from the Wenying Pavilion, creating an atmosphere of fireworks in March, willows dancing and beautiful warblers. To the east of Wenying Pavilion, a friendship garden scenic spot is mainly composed of lawns and dense forests, and a number of Japanese cherry blossoms have been introduced. On the north side of the lawn, a stone platform is paved, and a monument of "No War between Japan and China" stands. On the west side of the Wenying Pavilion, a large lawn was built by filling up the marshes when Liuyang Wenying was rebuilt. The grass color is far away from the Bibo Castle Peak of the West Lake, and the north side of the big lawn is the monument of the Kangxi Imperial Theme Liuyang Wenying, which was relocated here. A tall arbor forest is planted on the south side, which forms a vivid picture rich in layers and angles with lawns, willow banks and lakes and mountains.
The earlier King Qian's Memorial in the north of the park was transformed into a courtyard scenic spot with the style of private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, and it was named after the old name of "Jujing Garden". Pavilions and pavilions, fake mountain spring pools, small bridges and flowing water, low walls and leaking windows, and exotic flowers and grasses in the park are all in their own places, making the whole park winding and secluded, with a unique world.
The southeast of the park has been turned into a place for people to visit the park for recreational activities, and an open-air stage has been built, which has become a good place for Hangzhou citizens and tourists from all directions to exercise in the morning, relax on holidays and celebrate festivals. Every summer and autumn, it is also a "night garden" to cool off the heat, with songs and dances, operas, movies and various forms, and various flower exhibitions and lantern festivals are held irregularly, attracting people. Traffic: Take K4 and 38 and get off at Qingbomen Station.
6. Huagang Fish Watching Park is located in the west of the southern section of Su Causeway, on a peninsula between Xili Lake and Xiaonanhu Lake. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the chamberlain Yun Sheng once built a private garden in build house, under Huajiashan, which is not far from here. Flowers and trees in the garden were sparse, water was diverted into the pool, and five-colored fish were kept for viewing and enjoyment, which gradually became a place frequented by tourists. It was said that Luyuan was named Huagang because it was close to Huajiashan. The court painter included it in the ten scenes of the West Lake when he created it. In the thirty-eighth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1699), Emperor Xuanye visited the West Lake, wrote a book to watch the fish scenery in Huagang as usual, and built a stone monument beside the fish pond. Later, when Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River to visit the West Lake, another poem was inscribed in the shadow of the monument. There was a saying in the poem: "There is a flower port at the foot of Huajiashan, and there are fish and flowers."
Today, Fish Watching in Huagang is a large park covering more than 2 hectares. The whole park is divided into five scenic spots: Red Fish Pond, Peony Garden, Huagang, Big Lawn and Dense Forest Land. Traffic: Take K4, 538 and K599 and get off at Su Causeway Station.
7. Leifeng sunset shines on Leifeng, which is located in front of Jingci Temple, and is the residual vein of Nanping Mountain extending northward. The lakeside is booming and the trees are lush. Although its volume is small and exquisite, its reputation is one of the best on the lake, because there was the Leifeng Pagoda built by Wu Yueshi at the top of the mountain, which is the most beautiful and romantic tower among the many ancient pagodas in the West Lake. Unfortunately, it fell down more than 7 years ago, and even the name of the mountain was changed to Xizhao Mountain. This famous mountain on the south bank of West Lake, which is peninsula-shaped with water on three sides, was once occupied by the Imperial Garden of Southern Song Dynasty. After 1949, a large number of ornamental trees, such as Cinnamomum camphora, Liquidambar formosana and Elm, were planted on the mountain, and the sunset shone on Lin Tao, and the scenery was still rich. Traffic conditions: K4, swim 1 and get off at Jingsi.
8. The two peaks cut into the clouds, and the towering Tianmu Mountain goes eastward. When it meets the West Lake, one branch of the other veins splits from north to south, forming Nanshan and Beishan in the West Lake Scenic Area. Among them, the South Peak and north peak were occupied by monks in ancient times, and Buddhist pagodas were built at the top of the mountain, facing each other from a distance, which was far higher than the peaks. On a beautiful day in the spring and autumn, the blue mist is white, the spire is in the clouds, and it is hidden from time to time, and the momentum from afar is extraordinary. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the two peaks were listed as one of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake. Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty changed the title to "Two peaks are inserted into the clouds" and built a scenic pavilion beside Hongchun Bridge. At that time, the ancient pagoda of Shuangfeng was destroyed for a long time, so that even the original connotation of this scene was once difficult for people to know that those who "inserted clouds" were empty words. It's a stopgap measure to set up a monument pavilion here. "The floating figure is opposite to cui wei, and the product is green and floating. Try to look up at the Phoenix Mountain, where the sky is high in the south and the smoke is low in the north. " This is the poem "Two Peaks Inserting Clouds" by the Southern Song Dynasty poet Wang Yan, which tells people: the landscape of two peaks inserting clouds.
Although the places and ways of viewing the Twin Peaks have changed repeatedly since ancient times, the three-pronged peaks in the south and north are the most famous peaks in the West Lake Yaoshan, but they have not changed so far. The south peak is close to the West Lake, with a peak height of 257 meters. On the way to climb the mountain, the steep rocks are exposed and the cliffs are towering. Climbing to the top of the mountain and overlooking the east, the panoramic view of the West Lake is vivid, not drawing, but drawing. North peak, at an altitude of 314, sits on the mountain of Lingyin Temple. From the west side of the temple, it rises to thousands of steps, and turns around 36 bends. Along the way, the mountains and streams are clear and the trees overlap. The ancients have a poem praising:' All the way, the pine sounds are long and rainy, and the blue air in the air assembles clouds'. On the Shandong side, there is a manned cableway of West Lake Bayi, with a total length of more than 6%. It takes only six or seven minutes to go up and down the mountain. Traffic: Take bus No.57 and No.2 and get off at Hongchunqiao Station.
9. Nanping Night Bell, perhaps the earliest of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter, once painted the Night Clock Map of Nanping. Although this picture is far less famous in painting circles than his Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, it was recorded in Tianshui Iceberg Record of Ming Dynasty. Nanping Mountain stretches across the south bank of the West Lake, with a height of only 1 meters and a mountain extension of more than 1, meters. On the mountain, there are strange rocks and beautiful trees. On a sunny day, the mountains are full of blue sky and white clouds, and the colors are delicious. On a rainy and foggy day, the clouds are hidden, and the mountains seem to dance lightly, ethereal and ethereal. In the first year of the later Zhou Dynasty (954), Qian Hongshu, the Lord of the State of Wu Yue, built a Buddhist temple, Huiri Yongming Courtyard, at the foot of Nanping Mountain, and later became Jingci Temple, one of the two major Buddhist Dojo in the West Lake, which is located side by side with Lingyin Temple.
Another famous Buddhist temple in the foothills of Nanping was built in the fifth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (1972). It was once the base camp of the Tiantai Sect of Buddhism. Jingci Temple, Xingjiao Temple and nearby small and medium-sized temples form another Buddhist temple community on the lake after Lingyin and Tianzhu, with morning bells and drums, burning the Buddha's name and cigarettes and candlelight. Since then, Nanping Mountain has added the charm of another name' Buddha Mountain', and it has taken shape leisurely. The mountains around Nanping Mountain are made of limestone, and the mountain is porous, so the rock walls of the peaks stand as a barrier. Whenever the bell of the Buddhist temple rings at night, the oscillation frequency of the bell reaches the mountain, and rocks and caves are forced by it, which accelerates the vibration of sound waves, and the amplitude increases sharply to form a * * * vibration. Rocks and caves then produce a loudspeaker effect, which enhances the sound of * * *. At the same time, the bell also flew over the West Lake at the same frequency, reaching the other side of the West Lake, and met Geling, which was composed of igneous rocks on the other side, with repeated echoes. Traffic conditions: K4, swim 1 and get off at Jingsi.
1. Santan Yinyue Island, also known as Xiaoyingzhou, together with Huxin Pavilion and Ruan Gongdun, is called the three islands on the lake. The whole island covers an area of about seven hectares, including the water surface. There are curved bridges connecting the north and the south, and the bridges connecting the east and the west with earth dikes cross in a cross shape, which divides the water surface of the island into four, and the periphery of the water surface is an annular dike. Seen from the air, the land on the island is shaped like a giant "field", showing that there is an island in the lake, and there is a lake in the island, and the water features are unique among the ten scenic spots of the West Lake, which is a classic of water gardens in the south of the Yangtze River in China. In the thirty-fifth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (167), Qiantang County ordered Nie Xintang to take the mud from the lake and build a dam around the island, which initially became a lake in the lake as a place for release. Later generations built three small bottle-shaped stone pagodas in the south lake of the island, which were called "Santan". In the early Qing Dynasty, a curved bridge and a hall were built on the island, and hibiscus was planted around the inner lake. After Peng Yulin, a retired general in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, built a villa here, and Xiaoyingzhou began to take shape.
The landscape of Santan Yinyue is rich in layers and varied in space, and the architectural layout is ingenious. Landing from the north pier of the island, passing through the Pantheon and other two buildings, that is, stepping into the Jiuqu Pingqiao, there are four pavilions with different shapes on the bridge, such as Kaiwang Pavilion, Pavilion, Kangxi Imperial Monument Pavilion, and I am in love with each other, which make people stop and go, have a rest, laugh or take pictures, linger and enjoy the beautiful scenery.
to the east of Jiuqu Bridge, there is a water barrier and a short wall of white powder.