IC card is the abbreviation of integrated circuit card, which is called microchip card or microcircuit card, smart card or smart card in some countries and regions. It embeds an integrated circuit in a plastic card. The IC card is the same size as the magnetic stripe card, and one or several integrated circuit chips are embedded in the upper left. Chips are generally non-volatile memories (ROM, EPROM, E2PROM), protection logic circuits, and even CPU (Central Processing Unit).

The meaning of smart card or smart card is confusing, often referring to IC card. But what we generally call smart card refers to IC card with CPU, not smart card.

Business card printing common sense

1, card structure: all kinds of cards are made of PVC as the basic material, supplemented by different auxiliary materials.

Magnetic stripe card: PVC has a magnetic stripe on its surface.

IC card: An electronic module is embedded in a PVC substrate.

Contactless card: Electronic module and coil are built in PVC, but they are not visible on the surface of PVC card.

Paper card: Take a certain thickness of paper as the card base, and stick a magnetic stripe on the paper card base.

ID card: Printing patterns, characters and bar codes on a card base made of PVC.

Except for paper cards, the above card sizes are internationally unified as ID- 1 card, with the size of 84.6×53.9, and the thickness can be adjusted according to customer requirements.

2. The function of the card:

The magnetic stripe card records information through the magnetic stripe, and the customer contacts the relevant system network through the information recorded on the magnetic stripe card, thus realizing the requirements of the customer. For example: bank card transfer and withdrawal; Contact IC cards and contactless IC cards are connected to the system through modules on the cards. The module itself has recording and computing functions, and its confidentiality and functionality are stronger than that of magnetic stripe cards. For example: commonly used telephone IC card, bus contactless IC card.

ID card: Photos, barcodes, characters, related magnetic strips and electronic modules printed on the card play an identification role. The content of each card is often used in personnel, attendance, ID card and various documents, which is practical and widely used, especially after being used with magnetic strips and modules.

Paper card: the corresponding information is recorded by the magnetic stripe on the paper base and connected with the corresponding system. Commonly used are highway toll cards, boarding passes and parking lot toll cards.

3. Production equipment:

printing machine

Germany laminating die-cutting machine, IC card packaging machine

American-made magnetic encoder and contactless ic card production line

German card checking machine

4. Technical parameters

All kinds of cards are based on PVC, when the outside temperature exceeds 50℃ for a certain period of time. The card will deform. For magnetic stripe cards, it is forbidden to get close to magnetic substances and stay away from electrostatic fields, alternating electric fields, dust, strong ultraviolet rays, infrared rays and other adverse environments. For personal use, customers should avoid rubbing the magnetic strips of two cards, and the magnetic strips should try to avoid all physical damage, and irreversible bending is strictly prohibited. In addition to avoiding the above situation, IC cards should also pay attention to the use and recording of passwords when they are personalized, so as to avoid card failure due to password loss.

Integrated circuit card

The IC card charging system of urban public transport involves a wide range, with many service units and a large number of users. Once launched, it is not easy to cancel the transformation, so the choice is very important. According to the characteristics of bad bus environment, large mobility and many stored-value tickets, it is required that the ticket checking equipment and stored-value tickets have high reliability and safety; Let passengers learn to use the system as soon as possible and adapt quickly. Timeliness and convenience are also important indicators. Shortening the ticket inspection process and reducing the stop time is equivalent to speeding up the turnover and increasing the transportation capacity. This paper will introduce the use of bus IC cards and the idea of card selection in stages.

I. Contact and contactless IC cards

IC cards are divided into contact and non-contact types, which are better in reliability and security than magnetic cards, but more expensive. Four companies in China bus industry, including Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Wuhan, have tried contact ic cards on a small scale.

Contact IC card is to package the IC chip in a new standard PVC card, and read and write data through the direct contact between the exposed chip and the card holder of the card reader.

1. The contact piece of the contact IC card is exposed on the surface of the IC card, which may damage the IC card or cause reading and writing errors (such as bending and defacing) in some cases.

2. The card holder of the card reader is damaged or can't work normally due to dust, rough card insertion, foreign body insertion and other reasons, and needs frequent maintenance.

3. Because the cooperation between the card and the card holder is directional, the ticket checking time is short, the speed is fast, and the card holder is narrow, so it is difficult to insert the IC card. Especially when the user is old or young or illiterate, it is more difficult to use.

4. Although contact IC has certain security measures, the security of IC card is reduced due to the applicability of card reader.

5. Even if the contact IC card is used normally, its transaction process takes a long time, which prolongs the passenger travel time and vehicle turnover, makes the company invest more capacity and increases the operating cost. Therefore, the contact IC card system is difficult to meet the needs of bus companies and passengers. But why can Zhuhai be used? After investigation, it is found that this has a lot to do with the particularity of Zhuhai. Zhuhai is a garden city, its main characteristics are less dust, less population, less elderly people and high quality personnel. Because of these advantages, the card reader is used less times, the card holder is not easy to accumulate dust, and there is no problem of old people and illiteracy, so it can exist for a certain period of time. However, if you don't analyze the situation of your own city, you simply think that Zhuhai will go and other cities will go, and it will be easy to hit a wall.

Contactless IC card consists of IC chip and inductive antenna, which is completely sealed in a standard PVC card and is not easily affected by external unfavorable factors. Read and write between contactless IC card and card reader by radio waves. Large storage capacity, fast transmission speed and long reading and writing life, it has the following excellent characteristics:

1. There is no mechanical contact between the contactless IC card and the card reader.

2. There are no exposed devices on the surface, which will not damage the IC card due to fouling and bending. The card itself is a passive component, small in size, durable and reliable.

3. The card reader does not need a card holder, and can be completely placed in the box.

4. There is no directionality when it is used, and the card can skim the surface of the reader from any direction to complete reading and writing. 5. Wireless communication between card reader and IC card.

6. The two-way password authentication system is realized by the card reader and IC card, which is verified by the three-level DES algorithm. The card reader recognizes the legitimacy of the IC card, and the IC card can recognize the card reader and the read-write permission of the card reader.

7. There are strict regulations on the issuance of contactless IC cards. Adopting the internationally recognized mifare standard, its card number is unique in the world. Secondly, part of the password is stored in the vehicle-mounted machine and the other part is put on the card to ensure the high confidentiality of the system.

Second, the standard of contactless ic card

At present, the international ISO organization is defining two main contactless card standards, one is Type A standard represented by Philips and Siemens, and the other is Type B standard represented by Motorola and stmicroelectronics. Both have their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, Shenzhen public transport uses contactless cards and adopts the "LEGIC" patent. But because LEGIC is completely closed to the encryption method, that is, no one knows its encryption method except LEGIC. Adopting this method is bound to be more difficult to popularize. At present, it can not be recognized by the international ISO organization.

1, a type represented by Philips and Siemens. This standard is widely used at present, that is, MIFARE standard. The difference between it and B-type is mainly the communication modulation mode between card and reader. MIFARE adopts discontinuous modulation, that is, when the message "1" is indicated, a signal is sent to the card, and when the message "0" is indicated, no signal is sent to the card. Of course, this interval is quite short and will not affect the normal operation of the card. The advantages of this method are obvious information difference, less chance of interference and less possibility of misoperation. The disadvantage is that the energy may fluctuate when it is necessary to continuously supply energy to the contactless card.

2. Type B represented by Motorola and stmicroelectronics. This standard has just been developed, and the communication between its card and reader adopts amplitude modulation. That is, the difference between information "1" and information "0" is that the signal amplitude of information "1" is large, that is, the signal amplitude of information "0" is small, that is, the signal is weak. Identify different information through the change of signal strength. The advantages of this method are continuous signal transmission and no energy fluctuation. The disadvantage is that the difference of information is not obvious, and it is relatively vulnerable to external interference, which will produce false signals. It can also be compensated by redundancy.

As can be seen from the above comparison, it is difficult to say which of the two technologies is better or worse, which is one of the reasons why the international ISO organization has determined the two standards. However, for public transportation, the adoption of this standard needs careful analysis. There is a lot of interference on the bus, so the clock-in time must be fast. The smaller the probability of false signals, the better. In this respect, type A is relatively suitable. In addition, due to the limitation of national conditions, it is unlikely that buses will use contactless CPU cards in a short time, and contactless logic encryption cards are generally used. In the process of using contactless logic encryption card, because there is no CPU working in the card, the requirement for energy continuity is not very strong, so Type A can work well.

How to use ic card to obtain IC card technical information

Information: magnetic card, barcode card, ic card.

In recent years, magnetic cards, barcode cards or ic cards have been used in business and other business processing in some parts of China, which has played a certain role in improving work efficiency and promoting China's informatization. Here is a brief introduction to these cards.

I. Magnetic Card (Magnetic Card)

The magnetic card takes liquid magnetic material or magnetic stripe as the information carrier, and the liquid magnetic material is coated on the card or the magnetic stripe is pressed on the card, and the width is about 6-14 mm. There are three tracks on the magnetic stripe. The first two tracks are read-only tracks, and the third track is read-write track, such as recording book balance. Magnetic cards are relatively simple, easy to read and write information, easy to use and low in cost, so they developed earlier and entered many application fields, such as telephone prepaid cards, debit cards, reservation cards, tickets, savings cards, credit cards and so on. However, compared with the IC card developed later, it has the following disadvantages: the information storage capacity is small, the magnetic stripe is easy to read and forge, the security is poor, and it needs the support of computer network or central database.

Second, the barcode card (Bar Card)

Bar code card records information in a bar code composed of a set of regularly arranged bars, spaces and their corresponding characters. Common bar code symbols are printed by black bars and blanks. When the light shines on the bar code symbol, there is a strong contrast between the black bar and the white blank, so that the information can be read by using the different reflectivity of the bar and the blank to the light.

Bar code cards are divided into one-dimensional codes and two-dimensional codes. One-dimensional code is commonly used, such as bar code on the outer packaging of daily goods. Its information storage capacity is small, and it can only store one code, which can be used to retrieve the data in the computer network. Two-dimensional code is developed in recent years, which can store more information in a limited space, including words, images, fingerprints, signatures and so on. And you don't need a computer.

The bar code card is simple to make, and the ordinary bar code can be printed or copied according to certain requirements, with low cost, but its reading equipment (especially the reading equipment of two-dimensional code) is more expensive. Unlike magnetic cards and ic cards, the information in barcode cards cannot be rewritten. In addition, the safety performance is poor and the standards are not uniform, which limits its application.

Iii. IC card (integrated circuit card)

The full name of IC card is Integrated Circuit card, which embeds an integrated circuit chip into a plastic substrate, and uses the storable characteristics of the integrated circuit to save, read and modify the information on the chip.

The concept of IC card was put forward in the early 1970s. In the past 40 years, it has been widely used in many fields, such as finance, transportation, communication, medical treatment, identification and so on.

According to the data transmission form with the outside world, there are two types of IC cards: contact type and non-contact type. The chip metal contact of contact IC card is exposed and visible to the naked eye. Information can be exchanged with the outside world through the contacts on the chip. Most IC cards used at present belong to this type. The chips of contactless IC are all sealed in the card base, and there is no exposed part. They exchange information through the induction of radio waves or electromagnetic fields, and are usually used in places that need to be "flashed" such as access control, bus charging and subway charging.

According to the different integrated circuits in the card, IC cards can be divided into memory cards, logic encryption cards and CPU cards (smart cards). Memory card is suitable for systems that only use IC card as data transmission medium or have software encryption without worrying about being tampered with, and its price is low; Logical encryption card controls the reading and writing of the card by setting a password area on the card, which is moderate in price and has the largest number of applications at present; The integrated circuit of CPU card has a microprocessor, which can calculate data and process information by itself. At the same time, it can use random numbers and keys to authenticate each other between cards and devices. High security, although the price is slightly higher, but the application prospect is still promising. At present, the financial card planned by the People's Bank of China, the organization code card planned by the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and the social security card planned by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security all use contact CPU cards.

IC card has many incomparable advantages compared with magnetic card and bar code card: large storage capacity, several times to dozens of times that of magnetic card; High security, anti-counterfeiting and anti-tampering ability; Can be used offline, and the application is more flexible. At the same time, it also has some disadvantages, such as high price, weak antistatic and ultraviolet resistance.