Fold 2: The money used for the second article is generally 28 mm in diameter and weighs 7 grams. 30% off, 50% off, 10% off and so on.
Text: The basic unit of money, a small flat coin is called a penny.
String: 100 yuan (text) is called string.
Guan: 1000 yuan (text) is called Guan.
Sample: refers to the money whose diameter is smaller than the same type.
Details: refers to those whose money diameter is greater than the same type.
Heads: The heads of coins.
Back: refers to the reverse side of a coin.
Meat: refers to the thickness of coins, including thick meat and thin meat.
Qian Wen: The general term for the characters, symbols and patterns of coins, with the positive characters on the front and the back characters or scripts on the back.
Wear: it means that money has pierced a hole, which is also called good. Wide penetration means that the money hole is big; Narrow penetration refers to those with smaller money holes.
Inner Guo: refers to the protruding part around the perforation, also called Guo Hao. Those with wider inner Guo are called Guangguo; Those with narrow inner Guo are called narrow Guo, and those with overlapping inner Guo are weighed.
Four decisions: refers to those whose four corners protrude outward.
Four exits: refers to the four corners of the perforation protruding outward and extending to the outer wheel.
Outer wheel: refers to the protruding part around the money body. Also known as the outer edge and outer Guo. A wider outer wheel is called a wide-sided wide wheel; The narrow outer wheel is called the narrow side of the narrow wheel; Weighing wheel with overlapping outer wheels.
Japanese: refers to the raised circle on the back of money.
Moon: refers to the convex arc on the surface or back of a coin. Call the moon up, call the moon down.
Astrologer: refers to a raised dot on the front or back of a coin.
Pregnant star: refers to the moon rising on the back of money.
Bare back: refers to the money backlight without words.
Qian Fan: There are various models for casting coins, including clay model, copper model and iron model.
Money samples: Money samples hand-carved from ivory, jade, wood and other materials, which are specially decided by the emperor or the higher authorities. The Chinese History Museum has a "Xianfeng Heavy Treasure" Baohe Bureau as a sample of 50 jujube carvings.
Sculpting mother: also known as Zuqian. A coin model carved by hand with copper, tin and other materials. Qian Wen is vigorous, rich, exquisite and extraordinary, and rarely exists in the world. Perforations are mostly small round holes, commonly known as "golden mouths are not opened". The earliest existing bronze carved money mothers are Xuanhe Tongbao's cursive carved money mother in the National Treasure Temple Coin Museum and Qian Qian's carved mother in Jiajing Bao Tong in the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing Museum.
Mother money: it is directly cast by the carved mother as a casting model. Qian Wen is slender, delicate and thick, which is rare in the world.
Iron Mother: The mother money used to turn cast iron money is copper itself. More refined and heavier than iron money.
Iron model copper: copper coins cast with cast iron coins. Generally, it belongs to trial casting, and the casting quantity is not much.
Sample money: the sample money for trial casting and initial casting, as the standard of casting money or for the boss to check.
Sample currency issued by the Ministry: the sample currency issued by the producer of the central household department and the Ministry of Industry to the local money bureau as the standard for casting money.
Delivery note: the delivery note sent by the local finance bureau to the higher authorities for inspection.
Signature edition: refers to one of the editions of gold coins, silver coins and copper coins engraved with English signatures. Most of them are signed by Italian sculptor Lou Giorgio. The front edge of a coin is generally written with the English abbreviation of the English word "L.GIORGI" or "L.G". It's hard to find on rubbings because of the small characters, but it's obvious in kind. There is only a small amount of trial casting as a gift. Almost everything you see in the market is fake.
Money: also called "book money". Write pairs of money in different Chinese. The Qian Wen, size, thickness, border, decoration and material of money are the same, but the calligraphy style is different, which was the most popular in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Coin: refers to a large number of coins in circulation, which are generally not exquisite. There are many in the world.
Reverse folding: refers to the misuse of two dollars. Money on both sides.
Face to face: refers to the misuse of two pieces of money made from the back model. Both sides are backed by money.
Transformation: Qian Wen shifted upside down from left to right, which occurred from the Qin Dynasty to the Six Dynasties.
Direct reading: Qian Wen is arranged in the order of up, down, right and left.
Rotating reading: Qian Wen is arranged in the order of upper right and lower left.
Anti-prose: Qian Wen's anti-prose.
Tail: The pictures and texts on the front and back of the coin are incorrect, and there is a shift phenomenon.
Ghost: In the process of casting money, double characters or patterns are formed due to repeated pressing and displacement of the mold, which is called ghost or ghost.
Revolving: Revolving money is called "revolving" by the recycler. The turning line is inward from the edge and forms a concentric circle with the marginal countries.
Pit: refers to the newly unearthed ancient coins with serious surface oxidation and complex rust color.
Cooked pit refers to ancient money handed down from ancient times without people's land.
Handed down from generation to generation: refers to the surface color of ancient money that has been handed down from generation to generation and has not been touched. It is generally dark brown and shiny, and was called black paint in ancient times.
Mercury ancient: the surface of unearthed ancient coins presents a silvery white oxide layer, also known as mercury rust.
Currency in circulation: refers to the currency in formal circulation.
Qian Ming: Ancient coins specially made for the dead, including clay, pottery, lead, copper, gold and silver.
Spending money: the general term for counterfeit goods and monetary objects with patterns or other words.
Winning money: refers to the money-shaped plaque cast to ward off evil spirits and seek happiness, eliminate disasters and solve problems, and suppress curses. It is the product of Chinese immortal thought, which originated from Han and Wei dynasties, and is also called money-weariness.
Spending money without words: means spending money without words, only with patterns.
Auspicious spending: refers to spending money with auspicious wishes. Used for gifts, blessings, memorials, etc.
Empty money: the money body is empty, and it seems to be carved (actually cast) with a meat cleaver.
Zodiac spending money: refers to spending money with zodiac, gossip and other patterns and characters.
Fairy Buddha money: refers to the money spent on casting Buddha statues and Buddha words.
Chess money: refers to the ancient chess pieces in the shape of money.
Semen Strychni: The name of a game "Brother Mada" prevailed in the Northern Song Dynasty. The name of the horse is cast on the money, or the name of the general riding a horse is cast on it.
Alien pocket money: refers to all kinds of grotesque pocket money, mostly hanging.
Pottery coin: a kind of magnesium clay token, used in the circulation of Manchukuo, the puppet regime of Japan. It has a round hole in the center and a reddish-brown surface. It has two currency values: one cent and five cents. In other periods, pottery coins were mostly ghost coins.
Standing man: A silver coin minted in India during the British invasion of China, named "British Trade Silver", with a face value of one yuan. A woman stands on her back, holding a halberd in her right hand and a shield in her left hand. Our country is commonly known as "people standing" and "standing abroad".
Eagle Ocean: It was cast after the establishment of the Republic of Mexico in A.D. 1823. After the Opium War, it gradually flowed into China, and the number was huge. On the one hand, it is a pattern of a flying eagle pecking at a snake, and on the other hand, it shines like a crown. China is commonly known as "Eagle Ocean" and "Moyang".
Luo Hanqian: A coin with the word "Xi" written as "Xi" in Bao Tong of Kangxi, with a small amount of "qing" or "dragon and phoenix patterns" cast on it. I especially wish Emperor Kangxi a long life in the spirit of heaven.
Material: refers to the main raw materials used in coin-making, which are generally composed of copper, gold, silver, iron, nickel, aluminum and lead.
Jiaozi: a kind of paper money in the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Zhenzong was issued in Sichuan, which is also the earliest paper money in the world. Later, the notes in the Northern Song Dynasty were Xiao Gan, while those in the Southern Song Dynasty were related to Zi, Gong Zheng and Xiao Gan.
Longtu: The most common figure in coins minted in Qing Dynasty. There are sitting dragons, standing dragons, flying dragons, official dragons and Qing dragons.
Star-shaped patterns on machine-made coins in Qing Dynasty. There are plum star, rice star, cross star, six-petal star, five-pointed star, six-pointed star and point star.
Bead circle: A circular pattern consisting of many points. Usually cast between the center and the edge of a coin.
Side: The side part around the coin, including the smooth edge, the toothed edge and the eagle edge. The fineness and uniformity of auxiliary roads are important aspects to distinguish the authenticity of coins.
Sand table: copper coins cast by sand turning process. Silver coins also have this non-mechanical product.
Kuping: the standard weight of the national gold and silver treasury in Qing Dynasty. When Kangxi wrote "Fa and Lu Xinyi", he regarded twelve ancient poems as two and a half cents at that time, one for one and two for one, and sixteen for one catty. After editing the weights and measures table, the cubic inch weight of metal is the standard of measurement. Kuping-1-2 is 37.301g. Later, there was an average difference between the central and local governments, or in different periods.
Changping: In the 10th year of Guangxu (AD 1884), the official department of Jilin Province minted standard silver coins as the unit of calculation. Currency is divided into one yuan, two yuan, five yuan, seven yuan, one hundred and twenty-five yuan, etc. This is just a trial casting and has not been approved for circulation. In the late Qing Dynasty, Jilin City was commonly known as "Shipyard", so the standard weight of silver coins it cast was called "Factory Ping". The factory level is 35.86 grams.
Xiangping: A standard scale for weighing silver in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province in the late Qing Dynasty, with 35.84 grams of silver per pair. Since Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, many soldiers were from Hunan, so Xiangping was often called Silver in the army, and then it was promoted in Hunan Province, involving major commercial ports in the Yangtze River basin and Xinjiang. Xiangping one or two is 36.65 grams.
Legal tender: In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the Kuomintang government ordered the central bank, China Bank and China Communications Bank to issue paper money as legal tender.
Sitting on a dragon: one of the common dragon-shaped patterns in China's machine-made coins, with a straight faucet and an "S" shape, hence the name.
Standing dragon: One of the common dragon-shaped patterns in China coins, named after its standing shape. Divided into hoses and early dragons (no ripples).
Dragonfly: One of the common dragon-shaped patterns in China coins, named after taking it as the flying trend.
Long beard dragon: it is usually used to distinguish the versions of Xuantong's three-year silver coin. Because the dragon must be long, it is named straight.
Short beard dragon: it is usually used to distinguish the versions of Xuantong's three-year silver coins. Because the dragon must be short, it is named straight.
Qu Xulong: In Xuan Tong, it is usually used to distinguish the versions of three-year silver coins. It is named because the dragon must be divided into left and right sides and bent.
Big Tail Dragon: It is usually used to distinguish the versions of Xuantong's three-year silver coin. Named after the oversized dragon tail, the dragon must have as many as 12 paths, reaching into the cloud.
Anti-dragon: it is usually used to distinguish the versions of Xuantong's three-year silver coins. It is named after the dragon tail turns right and the dragon body becomes "S".
Appearance: refers to the exquisite degree of coins, which are generally divided into ten grades: new (unused), extremely beautiful, beautiful, near-beautiful, top grade, near-top grade, middle grade, middle grade and inferior grade. The quality of coins directly affects the value of coins.