1, pen strength
2. Is Lian Bi natural?
3. The structure of the whole font
4. Is it moderately inclined?
Handwriting appraisal is a kind of judicial appraisal. There are appraisal institutions all over the country, and there must be one in Zhengzhou. But in your case, you can't get the court's approval until the court applies to the court to choose a judicial authentication institution. As for when the appraisal will be accurate, it depends on the ability and commitment of the appraisal institution.
You can go to the Weidu District Procuratorate, which should help you.
Located at No.66, West Section of Jian 'an Avenue, Xuchang City, it is the only municipal procuratorate in Xuchang City. The hospital has 6 prosecutors1/kloc-0, including office, public prosecution section, investigation and supervision section, complaint and procuratorial section, civil administrative procuratorial section, agency logistics service center, anti-corruption and bribery bureau, procuratorial and supervision section, anti-dereliction and infringement bureau, political department, procuratorial technology section and supervision section.
On the Characteristics and Recognition of Imitation Handwriting
Yanghong technology department
The so-called imitation handwriting is the handwriting drawn by certain techniques with other people's handwriting as samples. Common imitation methods include light transmission, copying, inversion, indentation, cutting and so on. Imitation handwriting looks very similar to imitated handwriting. In the process of appraisal, if you don't pay attention, the appraisal conclusion may be wrong. This is also a difficult problem that needs to be studied and solved in literature retrieval, and it is worth studying. Now the author talks about his own views on the characteristics, causes and identification of imitation handwriting.
First, the common imitation methods and the characteristics of imitating handwriting
(A) common imitation methods
1, copy: copy according to other people's handwriting. Because of the slow writing speed and uncoordinated movements while reading and writing, there are some phenomena such as shaking, bending, pause, retouching, uneven pen strength and flat pen collection.
2, copying: that is, not to imitate words, but to imitate the human image of handwriting and the outstanding characteristics of big strokes by memory. This kind of imitation retains more characteristics of imitation handwriting.
3. Imitation: It is a word copied after practice with imitated handwriting as a sample. This kind of characters are very similar to the imitated handwriting, which is naturally easy to be confused, but the idiomatic characteristics of the imitated person can still be revealed in the small and complicated strokes.
4. Copying: It is to describe the imitator's handwriting by means of light transmission, copying and suppression. The size, type and structure of this word can be consistent with the imitated word. Writing speed is slower than copying, strokes are uneven, and ink shades are different. There are also phenomena such as shaking, bending, stopping halfway and redrawing.
5. Ring imitation: A imitates B's handwriting, and then C imitates it. This kind of serial imitation has a similar reflection of its outline and imitation. However, there are different people's reactions to the details.
6, lead copy: it is to imitate writing with lead printing handwriting. Because lead printing is not a writing style, when copying, we often only pay attention to copying in style and keep more characteristics of imitating human handwriting.
(2) Imitating the characteristics of handwriting
1, the handwriting structure is relatively normal, indicating that the strokes are closely matched, the proportional relationship is appropriate, and there are many Lian Bi. The structure, Lian Bi form, stroke order, stroke matching and proportional relationship of the same repeated word or radical are consistent, which looks like normal handwriting.
2. Abnormal pen movement occurs. Although copying handwriting seems normal, as long as you observe it carefully, you can find that the strokes are abnormal. For example, there are many Lian Bi whose movements are fast and slow, which seems normal, but they hesitate to write, slow down or even slow down or pause in the middle, resulting in uneven ink, no obvious weight of strokes, and it is difficult to distinguish between true and false. Among them, the winding part of Lian Bi is particularly obvious, and there are also slow and weak strokes, and the ink at the end is very thick, which looks like a match head.
3. Lian Bi pen has small movements and changeable functions. At first glance, the writing characteristics of the repeating radicals are very similar, but on closer inspection, they are different.
4. There are many pen-lifting phenomena and fake Lian Bi. In the process of copying, it is inevitable that imitators will raise their pens to observe the shape of the traced handwriting, thus causing unnecessary pen lifting. This phenomenon is different from that in normal writing. The normal pen-lifting appears after writing a pen or a Lian Bi, while the pen-lifting in parody pauses in the middle of a pen or a Lian Bi, and then continues to write in the same place. This feature is common in copying handwriting, but it is also hidden, which needs careful observation or observation with the help of a microscope.
5. Stroke overlap and stroke order disorder. This is because it is impossible for imitators to fully understand and master the characteristics and stroke order of imitated handwriting, and there will inevitably be contradictions, which is also one of the basis for judging whether it is a set of imitated handwriting.
6. The starting and ending movements of strokes are clumsy. In general, copying and writing are not as light and comfortable as normal writing. In normal writing, the nib moves before writing, so the endpoint is sharp or pen-like, while in imitation writing, the nib is relatively static before writing, so the nib is thick, the pen path is wide and the ink is thick. In normal writing, the pen is closed quickly, the ending is sharp, or there is reflex action, while in imitation writing, the pen is closed slowly, the ending is thick and the action is dull. These phenomena are more obvious when the writing tools run smoothly and the paper has strong water absorption.
7. Stroke jitter and bending. Imitation handwriting is mostly in mechanical motion, so there are many phenomena of slow writing speed, jitter and bending, especially long strokes and ascending strokes, and there are also phenomena of modifying strokes and redrawing.
8. The size and layout of characters are irregular. Because the handwriting used for copying comes from different documents and parts, the size of the handwriting is bound to be inconsistent. In addition, in the process of copying, the paper is often moved, resulting in irregular tilt direction, uneven spacing, uneven row spacing and irregular margins.
9. A lot of punctuation marks are missing. Omitting punctuation marks is not a unique feature of copywriting. However, because the copywriting may focus on how to copy without paying attention to punctuation, this phenomenon is more prominent in copywriting, especially in copywriting, and even some strokes and radicals may be missed. This may be caused by inconspicuous punctuation marks or the negligence of imitators.
10, contradiction in written language. If you copy a material with more words, there will often be inaccurate words in written language, such as incomplete sentence structure, incoherent content, disjointed context and meaning, failure to distinguish praise from criticism, and substitution with patched words or synonyms. It is not easy to find words and expressions that accurately express ideas from imitated materials.
1 1, with overlapping handwriting. People's writing activities are not mechanical repetition, and the same words written by the same person at the same time cannot be completely coincident. But copying handwriting and imitating handwriting can often overlap. This is one of the most powerful basis to determine the copied handwriting.
Second, imitate handwriting recognition.
From the above imitation methods, it can be clearly seen that imitation characters are written in a special camouflage method, and no matter what kind of imitation handwriting has dual characteristics. Because it is a mixture of two completely different writing habits. This "hybrid" has the characteristics of both imitator and imitator. Generally speaking, the figure, outline, structure, main collocation, Lian Bi, stroke order and other big strokes are easy to be imitated, which belongs to the habit of imitators; However, in some small strokes that are not very detailed, the more complicated Lian Bi movements, starting and putting pen to paper, turning strokes and some strokes that are not easy to imitate writing belong to the habit of imitating people. These tiny features, which belong to the writing habits of imitators, are often the main basis for our document inspectors to expose camouflage and identify criminals. These features regularly imitate the * * * features of Chinese characters. When testing a specific case, we should also make a concrete analysis and make a concrete judgment in connection with imitation methods. Generally speaking, to judge whether a sample has imitation camouflage, we should mainly identify it from the following points:
1. Identify whether the writing strokes are abnormal. People who write imitations are generally adults. Its handwriting features are relatively stereotyped and stable. Regardless of the writing level, the handwriting is natural and harmonious, and there is generally no contradiction between fast and slow strokes, natural strokes and unnatural strokes on the same word. If some big strokes that make up a word in a sample are written slowly, and the line strokes have the characteristics of shaking, stopping, breaking and repairing, while other small strokes are written quickly and naturally, it is likely to be imitation words. Unnatural big strokes are generally imitated by people, while natural small strokes are revealed by imitating people's writing habits.
2. If some words on the inspection materials are repeated, the size and handwriting are exactly the same, and they are almost overlapped when observed through light, which is likely to be formed by copying. Because the same handwriting written by one person will never overlap mechanically. What can overlap must be caused by plagiarism.
3. Identify from the characteristics of the pen. It is very valuable to judge whether a sample has imitation camouflage and analyze the motion characteristics of the pen. No matter what kind of parody it is, it is more or less revealed in the characteristics of writing. For example, copying, handwriting copying and pen lifting all have the characteristics of slowness, jitter, bending, stopping writing and redrawing. Even the imitation writing written after practice has a natural stroke movement, but it is dull and dull in the angle and radian modeling of the turning stroke, and the position of starting and closing the pen is not accurate. Abnormal strokes in calligraphy are generally the characteristics caused by imitation.
4, from the text layout to identify. A normal written material is exquisite, with certain norms and habits, such as the size interval of words, up and down, left and right, oblique. However, imitation characters are not, and the layout of characters is often abnormal and irregular. If the handwriting is big or small, the disparity is great; Or tilt differently, suddenly left and right; Or uneven, up and down; Or at different intervals, suddenly tight and loose; Or the layout is messy. The appearance of this abnormal phenomenon is related to the limitations of imitation words and the reasons and motives of imitation.
5. Identify from abnormal written language. Usually, the written language of people who commit crimes by imitating handwriting is fluent. Some sentences involving key contents and the status and occupation of the imitator are often fluent and clear; Other irrelevant sentences are generally not particular, or even made up, and the meaning is unclear. It reflects writing habits in different distorted forms, and inevitably reflects criminals' handwriting characteristics in disguised images. This feature is not an obvious or direct reflection of writing habits, but a certain concealment, which needs to be analyzed and found.
6. Identify from the abnormality of causality. It is important to analyze whether the motive and behavior of the crime are abnormal. For example, criminals wrote a hook letter involving state secrets, but did not accept enemy spy communication agencies; Although there is a disguise in the article, it is also a real name. Moreover, his handwriting is very similar to the examination materials, probably because others imitated his handwriting and framed it.
7. Identify from traces. It is necessary to carefully analyze the handwriting of the examination materials, whether there are traces of depressions, whether there are strokes filled with pens, whether there are traces of ink and mottle copied with useless carbon paper, and whether there are strokes that cut the handwriting too hard. If there are these marks, they are probably left by using some kind of replication method.
8, from the inspection and sample comparison to identify. If the suspect's handwriting is compared with the sample handwriting, it looks like an image, with similar outline and large strokes, but obvious differences in small strokes. At this time, it is necessary to consider whether there is imitation in combination with the case. If the suspect does not have the objective conditions and possibility to commit a crime, it is likely that someone else will imitate his handwriting to commit the crime.