Question 1: How to understand the house plan. The black dots are structural columns and the diagonal stripes are shear walls. Blank walls are partition walls. These require systematic study of architecture.

Question 2: How to understand the architectural plan. It is impossible to learn the architectural design with just a few words. You need to use formal teaching materials to guide you. I used to make architectural renderings when I was an undergraduate in university. , since I am majoring in architecture, I understand your situation better.

I will give you a URL and recommend this book to be more suitable for you, welan/1341335_ClearHistory/

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(1) Understand the nature of the project, drawing proportions, text descriptions, and be familiar with commonly used legends.

(2) Within the scope of the land, the layout of buildings (new, existing, planned, demolished), surrounding environment, and roads.

(3) Understand the topography and landforms: From the ups and downs, you can know the slope and drainage direction of the ground.

(4) Understand the indoor and outdoor height differences, road elevations and slopes of newly built houses.

(5) Check the relationship between the house and the pipeline direction, and the location where the pipeline is introduced into the building.

(6) Find the positioning basis for new houses.

When making renderings, you don’t have to worry about the dense markings on the drawings. Just pay attention to the walls, the positions and heights of doors and windows, the sizes and methods of decorative components, and turn off unnecessary layers in CAD. Import it into 3D and make a model of the required exterior or interior parts according to size.

How to look at the floor plan of a house?

A house floor plan is a horizontal cross-section of a house. Suppose a horizontal plane is used to cut off the part above the window sill of a house. The horizontal projection of the part below the cut plane is called a plan view.

The floor plan of a house mainly represents: the size of the house's floor space, the size of each room, the location and size of steps, stairs, doors and windows, and the thickness of the wall structure, etc. Some building plans also reflect the indoor fixed equipment, such as the plan shape and location of stoves, toilets, kitchen cabinets, sewage pools, bathtubs and other facilities. For home buyers, this picture is enough to fully understand the area and layout of the property they are purchasing, as well as various indicator data within the scope of daily living space. The issues that should be clarified when looking at the drawings mainly include the following aspects:

1. Calculate the total length, total width and building area of ??the house through the peripheral lines (i.e. wall lines). At the same time, understand the shape, orientation, stairs, steps, exterior doors and windows of the house, and the dividing line with surrounding houses.

2. Look at the pictures to understand the location of the internal walls of each partition in the house, find the locations of the bedroom, living room, living room, kitchen, bathroom, storage room and wall cabinets, and calculate their area respectively. .

3. Through proportion standards, analyze and understand the indoor height, model size, floor space and daily use of inherent equipment and facilities such as balconies, doors, windows, heating, water pipes, flues, etc.

4. Conduct a detailed analysis to understand the size, shape, location and reasonable use of indoor stoves, wash basins, toilets, kitchen cabinets, sewage pools, bathtubs and other adjustable facilities.

5. Check the adjacent public building area related to the house, such as stairwells, floor corridors, elevator rooms, power distribution rooms and other public building areas.

The above five items are some aspects that should be paid attention to when looking at the house and the floor plan of the house. It is very necessary and important for home buyers to learn and understand building plans. This is because this allows you to know at a glance the real area (including building area and usable area) and length and width of the property you are buying, so that you will not buy a loss-making house with a shortage of area, and you can make a decision before moving in. What kind of furniture, design the reasonable placement of indoor furniture and daily necessities, and also consider what kind of decoration and transformation should be done to the room.

For example: according to the clear height of the house, you can choose whether to make a suspended ceiling; according to the position of the heater and the window, you can decide whether to make outsourcing curtain boxes, heating covers, etc.

Usually building plans are drawn according to a certain proportion, and the proportion standards are marked at the bottom of the drawings. Longer scales are often used, such as: 1:100, 1:50. According to the number of floors of the house, the floor plan is divided into the first floor plan, the standard floor plan (if the layout is the same on the second floor and above, it is called the standard floor), etc. After getting the drawings, if the home buyer is buying an existing house, he should go indoors to conduct on-site measurements and compare them with the architectural drawings to see if they match.

Regarding the allocation of common area, you should consult the house seller in time to find out the usable area and building area of ??the purchased house respectively...gt;gt;

Question 3: How do you view the building plan? Are you asking which side of the floor plan the M~B axis elevation and the B~M axis elevation are respectively? If so, you can understand it like this:

When the building elevation is named using axis numbers, it means that when you stand facing the building - the direction your eyes are looking at at this time is the projection direction - you The building facade you see is named after the number of the first axis on your left and the number of the last axis on your right. As you mentioned, the M~B axis elevation and the B~M axis elevation are as follows. Their projection directions are as shown below

That is, the M~B elevation is where you stand on this building. The elevation seen on the left side when facing the building can also be called the left elevation of the building according to the diagram; and the B~M axis elevation is the elevation seen when you stand on the right side of the building and face the building. The figure can also be called the right elevation according to the diagram.

Hope this helps.

Question 4: How to quickly understand architectural drawings. Reading drawings requires mastering some methods and skills. The key is that your professional knowledge must be strong! So, when you have nothing to do, read more about Pingfa and the like!

The following will introduce you to some processes and issues to pay attention to when reading drawings:

(1) 1. First look at the site layout plan to understand the project overview and the impact of surrounding buildings on the project. .

2. Look at the construction organization to roughly understand the specific construction conditions of the project.

3. Look at the construction structure drawings and architectural drawings, and look at the two drawings together to understand the overall overview of the project.

4. Read the construction drawings in detail in conjunction with the structural construction atlas to view the practices, and the architectural construction drawings in conjunction with the construction practice atlas.

5. From the axial dimensions of the structural drawing, check whether the reinforcements such as shear walls, columns, beams, and slabs have front and rear entrances and exits, and whether the structure matches the architectural drawing. Whether the in-situ elevations of beams, slabs, etc. are correct, whether the bathroom panels are marked in detail, whether the structural treatment of settlement joints is appropriate, whether the steps for stairs are detailed, and the details for various openings.

6. Check the architectural drawings to see whether the layout of each floor is reasonable, whether the layout of non-load-bearing walls and load-bearing walls is reasonable, whether the layout of beams, columns, etc. is beautiful, whether the location and size are consistent with the structural drawings, and whether the various openings are consistent. Are there any omissions? 7. Whether the construction methods are reasonable, waterproof materials, coatings, ceramic tiles, etc.

(2) Complete collection of architectural drawing symbols In the architectural design drawings, l means beam, ll means continuous beam, ql means ring beam, jl means foundation beam, tl means ladder beam, dl means floor beam, z means column, gz means structural column, kz means frame column, m means door, and c means window. @ represents the steel bar spacing and Φ represents the steel bar model. Let’s talk about some experiences:

1. Formal architectural design must have the signature of the designer, the signature of the person in charge of the architectural drawings, the signature of the appraiser, the signature of the proofreader, and Stamp the seal and register the business seal.

2. In architectural design drawings, the length is generally expressed in mm, unless otherwise stated; when looking at the drawings, pay attention to combining the "Description of Building Materials" with other drawings. In the "Description of Construction Materials", if there is a "√" in front of each item, it indicates the method adopted in the design. What is not checked is not the approach adopted in the design.

3. For example, in the architectural design drawing: "c20 reinforced concrete jl (240400) with 4φ16 network φ6@200 hoops." This is interpreted as: the foundation beam of a reinforced concrete structure with a strength of c, 240mm wide, It is 400mm high, equipped with 4 main steel bars with threads of 16cm in diameter, and a rectangular ring of steel bars with a diameter of 6cm every 200mm. (The rectangular ring is about 340--350mm long and 180mm--190mm wide).

4. For example, in the architectural design drawing: "C20 concrete small column (240240) with 4φ12 hoop] 6＠200." Among them, "]6＠200" is an irregular mark and should be "φ6 @200". Interpreted as: a small beam of reinforced concrete structure with a strength of C20, with a cross-section of 240mm long and 240mm wide, equipped with 4 main steel bars with 12mm diameter threads, and a rectangular network of 6cm diameter steel bars every 200mm apart. The height of the small column depends on the floor height marked on the project minus the height of the ring beam and then the thickness of the slab, because the ring beam and the slab are poured together.

5. As shown in the architectural design drawing: m5 cement mortar and mu10 shell ash sand bricks. "m5" represents the strength grade of cement mortar, and "mu10" represents the strength grade of shellfish sand bricks. mu10 represents the average compressive strength of shellfish sand bricks ≥10mpa.

6. ql means ring beam. The ring beam method is usually used in brick-concrete house building structures (hybrid structures), that is, the walls are built first, and then the ring beams and slabs are poured with reinforced concrete.

7. The method of frame structure is to pour the columns, beams, beams, slabs, etc. first. Wait until the formwork is removed before building the wall.

8. According to the requirements of quality supervision, the contractor can be required to provide certificates of steel bars (per batch), cement (per batch), mu10 shell lime sand bricks (per batch) Certificate of conformity, test certificate of cement concrete.

How to understand the key points of review of construction drawings. Before starting a project, it is necessary to understand the drawings, review the drawings, and then conduct joint review of the drawings. If you have experience in understanding and reviewing drawings, and master some key points, you will get twice the result with half the effort.

Now let me talk about my experience in understanding and reviewing pictures for reference. The procedures for drawing recognition and review are: familiarize yourself with the functions of the proposed project, familiarize yourself with and review the plane dimensions of the project, become familiar with and review the facade dimensions of the project, check the error-prone parts of the construction drawings for errors, and check for improvements:

1. After getting familiar with the functional drawings of the proposed project, first...gt;gt;

Question 5: How to understand the construction plan and the construction drawings Be thorough, meticulous, grasp the key points, and understand the design intent. Let’s take the construction major as an example to talk about how to read construction drawings.

First, read the design instructions carefully. The design description is the outline of the construction drawing, which mainly looks at the following contents:

1. Overview of the construction project - building name, construction location, construction unit;

2. Technical indicators - construction Area, construction engineering grade, design service life, number of building floors, building height, fire resistance grade, civil air defense engineering protection grade, roof waterproofing grade, basement waterproofing grade, seismic fortification intensity, etc.;

3. Special design - - Fire protection, civil air defense, barrier-free, energy saving, etc.;

4. Basic practices - walls, waterproofing and moisture-proofing, doors and windows, elevators, glass curtain walls, glass, etc.;

Put these contents Once you understand it, you will almost understand the basic situation of the building.

Floor plan

1. Find the north arrow. Although most drawings are from north to south, there are exceptions. When looking at a drawing, you must first "find north."

2. Identify the locations of entrances, stairs, elevators, escalators and the direction of corridors, understand the traffic organization inside the building, and "walk through" the building in your mind.

3. Look at the layout of the axis network, columns and shear walls to understand the building structure system.

4. Look at the layout of roof gutters, rainwater inlets and rainwater pipes on each plane to understand the rainwater drainage system.

5. Pay attention to the method index, detailed drawing index, and section section symbols.

Elevations and sections

1. See the corresponding relationship with the plane;

2. Look at the building height;

3. Index number of node structure detailed drawings

Detailed drawings - should be viewed corresponding to the horizontal, vertical and cross-sectional views to clarify the location.

In addition, when viewing the drawings, pay attention to combining them with other professional drawings. Construction drawings are supported by several majors and cannot be viewed in isolation from one major. For example, fire pools are professionally designed for size and pipeline connection; building layout location and access openings; structural design of pool wall reinforcement; electrical settings for fire control and water level detection, etc.

Also, pay attention to the content in the picture that does not specify the method, such as "order finished products", "separately designed by a professional company", etc.

In short, reading a picture is to sort out a few lines and then string them together. The more you watch it, the more you will naturally watch it. Just like what is said in the advertisement - "The more you appreciate it, the better you understand it."

Question 6: How do you look at the proportions on building plans? The proportions on building plans are generally 1:50, 1:100, 1:150, etc. 1:100 is the most commonly used.

Question 7: How to read construction engineering drawings? Let me tell you several categories of construction construction drawings: construction construction drawings, building structure construction drawings, building drainage construction drawings, building electrical equipment construction drawings, and fire protection construction drawings. Wait, you said basic drawings. They are usually structural construction drawings.

How to read pictures? First of all, you need to have basic architectural knowledge and some understanding of construction engineering before you can read drawings. Now if you have some basic knowledge of architecture, then architectural construction drawings are all the contents of an object represented by people from three angles. (Plan, elevation, section), the designer will try to use various expression methods to express his design intention in each picture. So how do you understand and see the designer's design content. Let’s first talk about the building elevation, the total height of the house, the drainage slope of the roof, what kind of insulation is used on the roof, the height of doors and windows, the height of each floor, what is the exterior wall decoration, and the installation of drainage pipes and sewage pipes. Location, height difference between indoors and outdoors.

After you can basically read drawings, you must continue to study building construction structural drawings, which represent all the contents within the frame of the house. Such as the size of the steel bars, the grade of the steel bars, the spacing of the steel bars, and the various overlaps in the steel bar specifications. Anchorage length, thickness of brickwork, mortar label, concrete mix ratio, etc. (I won’t talk about drainage, electrical, etc. here)

Going on, you have to systematically study all aspects of construction. I have professional knowledge. Regarding the structural diagram, I have to ask why the beam has such a large cross-section? Why rectangle? (Why can’t we use a round shape? Square shape?) Why are there such large steel bars? Why use C25 concrete? Regarding the architectural drawings, I have to ask why the design is so high? Why is the floor height more than 2.7--3 meters? Why are the doors so wide and high? Why are stair treads generally two-level? Why are the steps so high? Why are indoor bays wide and deep? Wait. I won’t say anything else. You Once you really get started, you will know everything!!

Question 8: How do novices understand construction drawings 1. Representation of stirrups:

⑴ φ[email protected] /200( 2) It means that the stirrups are φ10, the spacing between dense areas is 100, and the spacing between non-densified areas is 200, all of which are double-limb hoops.

⑵ φ[email protected] /200(4) means the stirrups are φ10, the spacing between encrypted areas is 100, and the spacing between non-encrypted areas is 200, all are limb hoops.

⑶ φ[email protected] (2) Indicates that the stirrups are φ8, the spacing is 200, and the hoops are double limbs.

⑷ φ[email protected] (4)/150(2) means the stirrups are φ8, the spacing between encrypted areas is 100, four-limb hoops, and the spacing between non-encrypted areas is 150, two-limb hoops.

1. The method of expressing the main bars on the beam and the main bars on the bottom at the same time:

⑴ 3Φ22, 3Φ20 means that the upper steel bar is 3Φ22 and the lower steel bar is 3Φ20.

⑵ 2φ12, 3Φ18 means that the upper steel bar is 2φ12 and the lower steel bar is 3Φ18.

⑶ 4Φ25, 4Φ25 means that the upper steel bar is 4Φ25 and the lower steel bar is 4Φ25.

⑷ 3Φ25, 5Φ25 means that the upper steel bar is 3Φ25 and the lower steel bar is 5Φ25.

2. Representation method of the steel bars on the upper part of the beam: (marked on the upper support of the beam)

⑴ 2Φ20 means two Φ20 steel bars, arranged throughout the length, for double limb hoops.

⑵ 2Φ22 (4Φ12) means that 2Φ22 is the overall length, and 4φ12 is used for vertical bars, which is used for six-limb hoops.

⑶ 6Φ25 4/2 means that the upper row of steel bars is 4Φ25 and the lower row is 2Φ25.

⑷ 2Φ22 2Φ22 means there is only one row of steel bars, two at the corners and two in the middle, evenly arranged.

3. Representation method of steel bars in the beam waist:

⑴ G2φ12 represents the structural steel bars on both sides of the beam, one φ12 on each side.

⑵ G4Φ14 represents the structural steel bars on both sides of the beam, two Φ14 bars on each side.

⑶ N2Φ22 represents the torsion steel bars on both sides of the beam, one Φ22 on each side.

⑷ N4Φ18 represents the torsion steel bars on both sides of the beam, two Φ18 bars on each side.

4. Representation method of the lower part of the beam: (marked on the lower part of the beam)

⑴ 4Φ25 means there is only one row of main bars, and 4Φ25 all extend into the support.

⑵ 6Φ25 2/4 means there are two rows of steel bars, the upper row of bars is 2Φ25 and the lower row of bars is 4Φ25.

⑶ 6Φ25 (-2)/4 means there are two rows of steel bars, the upper row of bars is 2Φ25 and does not extend into the support, and the lower row of bars is 4Φ25 and all extends into the support.

⑷ 2Φ25 3Φ22 (-3) / 5Φ25 means there are two rows of ribs, and the upper row of ribs is 5. 2Φ25 extends into the support, 3Φ22 does not extend into the support. The lower row of ribs is 5Φ25, arranged throughout the length.

5. Annotation examples:

KL7 (3) 300×700 Y500×250

φ[email protected] /200(2) 2Φ25

N4Φ18

(-0.100)

4Φ25 6Φ25 4/2 6Φ25 4/2 6Φ25 4/2 4Φ25

□――――― ――――――□――――――――□――――――――――――□

4Φ25 2Φ25 4Φ25

300×700

N4φ10

KL7(3) 300×700 means frame beam 7, with three spans, cross-section width 300 and height 700.

Y500×250 means to add axillary under the beam, with width 500 and height 250.

N4Φ18 represents the torsional steel bar in the beam waist.

φ[email protected] /200(2) 2Φ25 represents stirrups and erecting bars.

-0.100 represents the beam epithelial elevation.

The two sides of the N2B12 finger beam are equipped with two 12-inch torsion longitudinal bars (waist bars), one on each side.

G2.... ..gt; gt;

Question 9: Three tips to teach you how to quickly understand architectural drawings. When you first enter the construction industry, you must first come into contact with drawings. Drawings have been an essential tool for construction since ancient times, from Lu Ban to the Song Dynasty. "Creating French Style" all create brilliant buildings under the guidance of drawings. First of all, you have to work hard. If you have such determination, you must understand the drawings. In fact, drawings are not difficult. You will benefit a lot from having more contact with the site and comparing the drawings with the site. Contact the site with the drawings and compare the drawings with the drawings. It's just a combination of horizontal and vertical sections. In fact, the individual planes of the architectural drawings are also cut out, and the location of the cut is above the window sill. You have to remember everything from the identification of lines and the meanings of symbols to the organization of drawings and the disassembly and assembly of components. If you want to make a budget, you not only need to know drawings, but also have more knowledge about design, steel, cement, components, materials, construction methods, machinery, etc. ----Ask more: In practice, compare the drawings with the actual construction. If you don’t understand, ask more. Don’t be ashamed to ask others (ask more: in practice, compare the drawings with the actual construction. If you don’t understand, ask more questions, and then do your own research with reference to the actual objects. Ask experienced people and people who know), and then do your own research with reference to the actual objects. Then do your own research based on the real thing - ask for advice: often ask the masters for advice. Being diligent with your feet, hands and mouth will definitely be of great help to you. Being diligent with your feet, being diligent with your hands and mouth will definitely be of great help to you. . Asking for more advice, being diligent with your feet, and being diligent with your mouth will definitely be of great help to you - read more relevant architectural books, and combine theory and practice. Read more relevant architectural books, and achieve both theory and practice. Combination: Read more relevant architectural books to combine theory and practice: it is best to find a copy of the drawings and study them yourself. If there is an expert nearby, write down the problems you see in the drawings, and then ask the expert for advice. Then Look at the drawings again, and then ask experts for advice. Repeat this process. During this process, you should often go to the construction site to see the actual things, so that you have the overall conceptual things in your mind. If you don’t understand, just ask the workers. Workers generally Everyone will be happy to tell you. The former is theory and the latter is practice. I think the fastest way to understand the drawings is to combine theory and practice. I think the fastest way to understand the drawings is to combine theory and practice. I think it is the fastest way to understand the drawings. I think combining theory and practice is the fastest way to understand drawings. The accumulation of knowledge requires a process. The accumulation of knowledge requires a process. I would like to give you three suggestions: 1. Read more drawings and record the parts you don’t understand. Don’t take them for granted. Then solve the problem by asking a teacher or looking up information. 3. Record all the problems solved, because a good memory is not as good as a bad writing, and you can review it later.

Question 10: How do you look at the template drawing in the architectural drawing? This should be a ground floor plan. The negative number for H in the picture should be a reflection of the lowering of the slab. It is difficult to determine the other things. It is best to come again. A detailed drawing, preferably with the stairs