Kuangcao is the most indulgent type of cursive writing. The strokes are connected and rounded, and the glyphs are wild and changeable. On the basis of modern cursive writing, dots and strokes are written continuously to form a "one-stroke calligraphy", which is similar in composition to cursive writing. Today's grass is of the same origin.

In ancient Chinese calligraphy theory, whether it is discussion of seal script, official script, Xing script, Kai script, or cursive script, most of them use natural landscapes or certain phenomena to compare, describe and describe them. Readers should Only by relying on a kind of life feeling and life experience can we appreciate and understand. Basic introduction Chinese name: Kuangcao Discipline: Art Field: Calligraphy Application field: terminology, word concept, basic information, citation explanation, origin, famous Kuangcao masters, Zhang Xu, Huai Su, Lin Sanzhi, Li Zhimin, Yu Youren, Huang Donglei, Luo Shuren, Gao Zhanquan, Basic information about word concepts Entry: Kuangcao Pinyin: kuáng cǎo Pinyin: ㄎㄨㄤˊ ㄘㄠˇ English: highly cursive script in Chinese calligraphy Citation and explanation 1. The most indulgent type of cursive script. The strokes are continuous and winding, and the fonts change a lot. According to legend, it was created by Zhang Zhi of the Han Dynasty and spread until Zhang Xu and Huai Su of the Tang Dynasty. Feng Ban of the Qing Dynasty's "Bi Yin Shu Yao": "Although he is as crazy as Xu Su, he is still miraculous. The ancients wrote wildly when they were drunk, and if they look closely, they will not miss a single stroke. They are meticulous in their daily work." "Postscript": "Tang Huai's plain calligraphy, with its extraordinary vertical changes, surpasses the ancient times. His self-narrative in one volume is especially wildly cursive about his life." 2. Scribbling at will. Ba Jin's "Home" 25: "Judging from Qianru's Kuangcao handwriting, we can know how indignant she is." 3. Kuangcao is a continuous writing of dots on the basis of Jincao to form a "one-stroke calligraphy". The above and Jincao are of the same origin. The achievements of Kuangcao are another manifestation of the peak of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty. The representative figures are Zhang Xu and Huai Su. Zhang Xu is known as the "Grass Saint" in history. Origin Calligraphy is really a very mysterious art, especially cursive writing. The writer is often full of passion and is in an excited state when writing. The reader can faintly feel a certain emotion from the ink marks. This is actually a characteristic of expressionist art. Kuangcao emerged in the Tang Dynasty. Painting at that time was basically a form of expression with meticulous brushwork and heavy colors. Modeling mountains and water, tracing eyebrows and eyes, all had to be completed with rationality over a long period of time. . Even if Wu Daozi's painting method contains expressionistic elements, it is still limited by physical form and cannot be completely relaxed. In this case, Kuangcao appears from calligraphy, which can be borrowed to express emotions or emotions more fully. This is probably the main reason for the emergence of expressionist calligraphy. Famous Kuangcao Master Zhang Xu Zhang Xu, courtesy name Bogao, was born in Wu County (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) during the Kaiyuan Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty (713-756). He has been an official for a long time, so he is also known as Zhang Changshi. Zhang Xu was addicted to alcohol all his life and had an unruly temperament. When drunk, he would often shout and walk wildly, taking advantage of the excitement and squandering money. It is recorded in the history of painting that he once used his hair to wet ink to write large characters. At that time, people called him "Zhang Dian". Youzhonghui's wild grass Zhang Xu's wild grass gallops left and right, ever-changing and extremely strange and ever-changing. Mr. Han Yutao believes that it can be summarized into three characteristics. The first is "crazy", which is written in one go, always consistent, maintaining a momentum, full of "meaning" and "no hesitation about right and wrong". The second one is "strange" and "abnormal". Like "thousands of clouds wandering around", it is unpredictable and difficult to grasp when writing. The third characteristic is "terrible". "Awesome" is not "pleasant" or "fascinating". It abandons the morbid condition of beauty and delicateness, and creates a feeling of being overwhelmed by a rock. "The viewer feels solemn when looking at the words, as if he were 'pressing the edge of a sharp sword'." Majestic'". Although Zhang Xu's cursive calligraphy is wild and cursive, it does not lose the law. Every stroke and every stroke is in order, because his regular script is also very successful. There are not many works handed down by Zhang Xu. The ones that can be seen include "Bellyache Post", "Four Posts on Ancient Poems", etc. Huaisu Huaisu (725-785), whose courtesy name was Zangzhen and whose common surname was Qian, was from Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan). He became a monk when he was young. He was more than 20 years later than Zhang Xu. He was influenced by Zhang Xu and Yan Zhenqing and studied very hard at a young age. The idiom "bizhongmochi" came from him. His calligraphy is passionate, bold and unbridled, like "birds flying out of the forest, startling snakes into the grass." Poets such as Li Bai and Qian Qi at that time wrote poems praising his calligraphy. Han Xie wrote in a poem: "There is a screen somewhere, and it is clear that there are traces of ink. Although it is dusty and stained, there are still thick traces of ink.

Strange rocks rush into the autumn stream, and ancient pines hang on cold vines. If you teach near the water, every word may become a dragon. "Comparing his calligraphy with Zhang Xu's calligraphy, it can be seen that the strokes of the latter are fatter and the strokes of the former are thinner. Therefore, Huaisu's "Autobiography Tie" has "running snakes and running snakes to sit down", "cold apes drink water" The poem "shaking the withered vine" is very appropriate to compare "running snake" and "withered vine". Part of Lin Sanzhi's "*** Ci Qingpingle Liupanshan" is as famous as Huai Su and Zhang Xu. In later generations, he was known as "Zhang Diansu Kuang" or "Dian Zhang Zuisu". It can be said to be classical romantic art, which has a profound influence on later generations. He could also write poetry and had contacts with poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, and Su Huan. He liked to drink. Whenever he started drinking, he would write on walls, clothes, and utensils at will. People at that time called him a "drunken monk." His cursive script comes from Zhang Zhi and Zhang Xu. Lu Zong of the Tang Dynasty said in his "Reading Review": "Huaisu's cursive script can be changed at will with the help of a millimeter. Zhu Changwen of the Song Dynasty listed Huaisu's calligraphy as a wonderful work. The comment said: "It's like a strong man drawing a sword, with a moving look. . "Huaisu was smart and eager to learn since he was a child. He got straight to the point in his "Autobiography" and said: "Huaisu grew up in Shasha. He became a Buddhist when he was young. In his spare time, he liked to write and write. "His spirit of diligent study and practice is very amazing. Because he couldn't afford paper, Huaisu found a wooden board and a disk, painted it with white paint and wrote on it. Later, Huaisu felt that the paint board was smooth and difficult to get ink on, so he wrote on it again. There were more than 10,000 banana trees planted in a wasteland near the temple. When the banana trees grew up, he picked the banana leaves and spread them on the table. Because Huaisu practiced calligraphy day and night, the old banana leaves peeled off. When the leaves were gone, Xiao Ye was reluctant to pick them, so he thought of a way. He simply brought a pen and ink and stood in front of the banana tree, writing on the fresh leaves, even though the sun was shining on him and he was suffering; the biting north wind was freezing and making his hand skin chapped. , he still continued to practice calligraphy unremittingly. After writing one place, he wrote another one without stopping. This is the famous calligraphy practice of Huai Su and Huai Su. There are masters of cursive calligraphy, such as Huang Tingjian in the Song Dynasty, Zhu Yunming, Xu Wei, and Wang Duo in the Ming Dynasty, Fu Shan in the Qing Dynasty, and modern calligraphers such as Lin Sanzhi, ***, Li Zhimin, and Yu Youren, while inheriting their predecessors. In contemporary cursive calligraphy practice, if Lin Sanzhi is the beauty of elegance, then Li Zhimin is the beauty of vastness. The two have completely different styles and complement each other in strength and softness, highlighting the dual peaks of "Lin in the south and Li in the north". . Lin Sanzhi applied the ink technique in painting to create a new world of cursive calligraphy. Lin Sanzhi's cursive calligraphy is thin, round, bright, upright, and elegant. Chen Yulong, an older generation calligrapher known as the "Three Pens of Peking University", said: The works of contemporary calligraphers such as Sha Menghai, Lin Sanzhi, Li Zhimin and others are floating in the dust, and the sea of ??clouds is gloomy. They are all very hazy and make people think about them. Li Zhimin Li Zhimin has a clear principle of choice and a strong desire for change, that is, he concentrates on embedding the most essential writing style and powerful style of the monument into the practice of cursive script, especially Kuang Cao. At the same time, he dares to He resolutely abandoned some inherent technical principles and requirements, used ancient Chinese characters, and adopted the techniques of the Han and Wei dynasties. He used bold strokes, simple dots, and strange and steep structures, which gave his cursive calligraphy style both "exilic posture" and "vast and majestic" Mr. Yu Youren was born in Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province in 1879. He is a pioneer of the Revolution of 1911, a veteran of the Kuomintang and a master of calligraphy. In his writing, he combined Zhangcao, Jincao and Kuangcao into one, and created " "Standard Cursive Script". Huang Donglei The wild cursive calligraphy of contemporary calligrapher Huang Donglei is an art that has achieved substantial breakthroughs and development with the liberation of the ideological trends of the times. Luo Shuren "Grass Immortal" Luo Shuren, formerly known as Luo Zhenrong, was born in Yangjiang, Guangdong in 1970 and graduated in 1991 Department of Finance, Jinan University. He is from the same hometown as Mr. Guan Shanyue, one of the representatives of the Lingnan School of Painting and the "King of Plum Blossoms". There is a popular saying among Yangjiang people: "One flower and one grass make the world." The master is Guan Shanyue, known as the "King of Plum Blossoms", and the master of "Liaocao" is Luo Shuren, the "Cao Immortal". Tiancheng's characters are born with wind and water, forming a unique artistic calligraphy style in terms of writing power, layout, composition, virtuality and reality, balance, contradiction, symmetry, personality, movement of energy, good and evil, opening and closing, movement, shade, size and lines. The secret of closing and closing the pen, the enlightenment of the wild grass by closing and releasing it.