First, the outline revision method
After the students' composition is "preliminary", they can be asked to check and compare one by one according to the outline listed before the composition. For example, when writing "a person I admire", a student's outline is like this:
1. Dad is my idol.
2. Describe a typical example that my father admires me.
Dad really makes me admire.
In his composition, there is such a narrative: "Dad is hardworking. For our family, he gets up before dawn every day, then cooks, cleans the house, sends me and my mother for breakfast, and then he drives a taxi. My mother has a leg problem and can't move easily. She is only responsible for my study, and she helps me check every time I write my homework ... "When checking against the outline, he found that writing a composition that his father appreciated was written into his mother's business, which was inconsistent with the outline, so he deleted the materials about his mother and focused on what his father appreciated. This revision method can make students' compositions more logical.
Second, shelve the modification method.
Students' understanding of something always deepens with the increase of knowledge, so after writing a composition, if you put it aside for a while and read it by yourself, you will find something wrong. Revising the composition at this time will often get good results. For example, if you write "An Unforgettable Event", a student writes that he learned to sew clothes for the first time without paying attention to the details. A few days later, she took out the composition and read it again. She found that the process of sewing clothes was not careful enough, so she made supplementary changes and finally changed it to:
"... I went into the room and took out my mother's sewing basket, found a thread the same color as my clothes, and then put on the needle, but I didn't put the thread into the eye of the needle several times. ..... I learned from my mother's appearance, twisted the thread as thin as a needle tip, put it on slowly, and finally put it on. I am very happy. Then tie a knot at one end of the thread, align the tear of the clothes and start sewing. Somehow, my hand is always stuck by the needle tip and my fingers are bleeding. I quickly wiped it off and continued sewing, but the needle always didn't listen to me, either to the left or to the right ... "
This change makes the plot full of twists and turns, vivid and concrete, and anyone who reads it will find it really unforgettable.
Third, recite the review method.
After the first draft of the composition is completed, read it several times to find out the problems and then revise it. This revision method is not easy to find some problems in the paper, such as unreasonable sentences, loose cohesion, lack of words, inappropriate feelings and so on, but once read, sometimes it can be found only by "sense of language" In ancient times, some poets always sang repeatedly when writing and reading until they read fluently. Du Fu's idea is to "change new poems into poems and sing them for a long time". When his poem is finished, he should recite it repeatedly, find the problems in reading, and then correct them. Writing poetry is like this, and so is writing. Some experienced students attach great importance to this method of modifying articles. Lao She said, "When the article is finished, you can read it to others. After reading it, those inappropriate words and awkward places will be revealed before you can modify them one by one. The article makes people feel comfortable and smooth to read, and it takes a lot of thought and effort. "
Fourth, mutual modification method.
"I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain." Some students can't achieve the best results when revising their compositions. The reason is either that their knowledge is narrow, or that they only look at the composition from their own perspective. Taking the method of mutual modification can achieve unexpected results. Before revising each other, the teacher should put forward the main tasks of this revision according to the training requirements of this composition. The method is to divide students into four or six groups according to their composition level, so that everyone can read other people's compositions. If there are any changes they think need to be made, they should explain why they should be changed in this way and ask the author for advice. Teachers should give instructions to solve controversial problems. This method can brainstorm, stimulate students' enthusiasm for revising their compositions, and cultivate students' ability to analyze problems and revise their compositions.
There are many methods of modification, such as analysis modification and copy modification. But the most important thing is that you must first have a sense of never getting tired of reviewing. Only in this way can we establish a set of experience in revising the composition.
2. How to modify the composition What kind of composition to modify, and cultivate students' ability to modify.
Teachers should not only strengthen the special training of revising compositions, but also teach students the methods of revising compositions. Through years of teaching practice, I have summarized five ways to revise my composition: reading aloud, peer review, time cooling, teacher review and referring to excellent works.
The Outline of Chinese for Primary Schools clearly stipulates that it is necessary to cultivate students' ability to modify their compositions. Why do you want to revise your composition? What are the good ways to revise the composition? After practical accumulation, I think students should first realize the importance of revising their compositions ideologically.
There are countless examples of this. The authors of The Crow and the Fox and The Wolf and the Lamb, which were selected for primary school textbooks, are the outstanding Russian fable writer Krenov. He always kept revising his works until every sentence hit Shui Piao vividly. For example, his fable Du Fu and the Rooster has more than 200 draft lines. Later, after repeated revisions, only 2 1 line was published. It is precisely because of his constant revision of his works that his works are widely circulated in the world.
Great writers are still so, what's more, we are dealing with primary school students who have just learned to write. Even a well-conceived composition can't be accomplished overnight, and there are often some defects, such as missing words, repetitive words, messy levels and unclear details. After the revision, inappropriate places in the text are reduced, obvious mistakes are corrected, and the quality of students' compositions is improved.
If you find your own shortcomings in the revision, you can make fewer such mistakes in the future. After correcting your own problems, you can learn from them and master the writing rules. It can be seen that writing a composition must form a good habit of revising more.
In teaching practice, I summarized five methods to revise my composition: 1. Read aloud to revise my composition. After doing the exercises, read aloud several times, and let your ear be the "teacher".
Strange to say, once the article is read out, you can hear what is missing, what is not smooth, and what is wrong. Whenever it sounds awkward, we should carefully find out the problem and correct it. For example, a classmate wrote in his composition, "As soon as I entered the campus, the first thing I saw was a rich rockery." When he read this sentence aloud, he always felt awkward. After careful consideration, he thinks that "first" and "first" should be kept to avoid repetition. He also thinks that it is not appropriate to describe rockery with "richness", but it is more appropriate to replace it with "novel shape". After reading the revised sentence again, he felt much smoother. It seems that the teacher "Ear" is really competent and picks out all the faults.
In addition, reading aloud and correcting yourself is a quick and effective method, which can correct the phenomenon of missing words and sentences with obvious errors in composition. 2. Peer evaluation method.
As the saying goes, "the authorities are fascinated, the onlookers see clearly", because the composition you write is what you want to say psychologically, others don't know what you are thinking, and you can only understand it through words. It often happens that you can't write clearly, but you understand and others don't understand.
Because of this, it is very necessary for students to evaluate each other. If they criticize each other, the problems in the composition will be inevitable. Don't look down on these little teachers, they do a good job.
A student with strong writing ability constantly uses good words and sentences in his composition, which is personification, but when it comes to the' little teacher', it won't pass. "You write flowers, blue sky, trees and grass for a while. In this order, after reading the composition, it feels like eating a nodding pill, up and down. " The little author is not convinced. The two were at loggerheads and asked the teacher for a theory.
The teacher guides the situation and explains the importance of observation order and observation method. Two students nodded and said yes.
It is not necessarily that the level of' little teacher' is much higher than that of the little author, but if you can pick out faults and correct them, your writing level will be improved in this revision. Third, the teacher's evaluation method.
Teachers' comments should be accurate and representative. I only take the third composition in the fifth textbook of primary school as an example. Design the table below and make comments.
The types of errors are similar to the diagram of sick sentences (1), in which the types of errors are the knowledge imparted by teachers, and the example sentences are the original sentences in students' compositions. Cause analysis and modification methods are the focus of this comment, and teachers need to guide students to find and correct. A similar sentence is to ask students to check whether there is such a deficiency in their composition after commenting.
According to this table, students' enthusiasm is improved, their memory is profound, especially when modifying the scheme, their thinking is more active, and many sets of feasible modification schemes are provided. 4. Time cooling method.
I found this method by accident. When the students finished writing the article Spring in Campus, they didn't have time to revise it. After a while, I'll make it up. I didn't expect the effect to be excellent. After careful consideration, I realized that what the students were writing at that time was. After a period of time, they learned new texts, read new compositions and accumulated knowledge. So they revised their previous compositions and made many innovations.
For example, after learning the text of Xilin Gol Prairie, students understand that the text ends with lyrics, which reflects the happy mood of small herders. In students' compositions, there are articles that begin with' Where is spring, where is spring …' and end with' Birds lead the way, the wind blows to us …' to express their feelings and attract readers. Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is set off by describing the weather and ends with Chairman Mao's poems. In students' compositions, there are some good sentences with novel ideas and accurate words, such as "warm sunshine and cool spring breeze make people feel relaxed and happy", "Spring scenery on campus can't be shut up, laughing out of the wall" and "lilacs, purple flowers, with their mouths open, emitting fragrance and smiling at green leaves".
It's a good idea to revise it immediately after writing, and it's also a good idea to revise it later. 5. Reference methods for excellent works.
A person who is good at learning must read more books and accumulate diligently. Our class should carry out excellent works appreciation activities every semester, so that students can revel in beautiful articles.
Yes
3. Talking too much about the basic methods of revising the composition will only be too complicated.
Let me quote a sentence, hoping to help you.
"Composition means what you think, just say what you think."
The purpose of the revision is to improve on the basis of the original work, and if the original work is dogtail grass, I don't think it is possible to make roses no matter how "adding, deleting, changing, adjusting, changing and staying" ... Of course, I'm not saying that my friend said it badly, I'm just making a supplement.
A good composition often needs no revision, because it has already melted into the author's mind.
In short, the composition depends on words, on the expression of true feelings, not on revision.
4. What are the three ways to revise the composition?
1. Read aloud for review. After doing the exercises, read aloud several times, and let your ear be the "teacher". Strangely, once the article is read out loud, you can hear what is missing, what is not smooth and what is wrong. Whenever it is awkward to read, we should carefully find out the problem and correct it. For example, a classmate wrote in his composition, "As soon as he entered the campus." The first thing I saw was a rich rockery. When he read this sentence aloud, he always felt awkward. After careful consideration, he thinks that "first" and "first" should be kept to avoid repetition. He also thinks that it is not appropriate to describe rockery with "richness", but it is more appropriate to replace it with "novel shape". After reading the revised sentence again, I feel much smoother. It seems "
Second, the method of peer review. As the saying goes, "the authorities are fascinated, the bystanders see clearly", because the composition you wrote is what you want to say, others don't know what you are thinking, and you can only understand it through words. Many times, you can't write clearly, but you can understand it yourself, and others can't understand it. Because of this, it is very necessary for students to evaluate each other, and there is something in the composition. It is difficult to escape from the "eyes of the law." Don't look down on these little teachers, they do a good job. A student with strong writing ability keeps using good words and sentences and metaphors in his composition, but he can't get through to the "little teacher". "You write flowers, blue sky, trees and grass in your order. Defend the order they observed. They argued with the teacher. The teacher followed the trend and explained the importance and methods of observation. The two students nodded in agreement. It is not necessarily that the level of' little teachers' is much higher than that of small authors, but if they can pick out faults and correct them, their writing level will be improved in this revision.
3. The teacher's evaluation method. Teachers' comments should be accurate and representative. I only take the third composition in the fifth textbook of primary school as an example.
Design the table below and make comments.
5. Ways to revise the composition A good composition comes from repeated revisions. "The Chinese class is good, but it is difficult to change the composition."
1, according to the outline modification method. After completing the draft composition, students can be asked to check and compare the writing outlines listed before the composition one by one, delete the materials that are inconsistent with the outlines, supplement the missing contents, and enrich the key parts that should be highlighted.
2. Self-revision and self-evaluation method. "The ultimate goal: self-study, not waiting for the teacher's comments; I can write my own composition without waiting for the teacher to correct it. Teacher training must achieve these two points, which is the success of teaching. "This is a brilliant exposition of composition teaching by Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator in China.
3. Mutual correction method. "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain." Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator, once said: "Teachers' revisions are not as good as students' own revisions. Students' personal revision is not as good as * * * revision. "Some students can't achieve the best results when revising their compositions. The reason is either that their knowledge is narrow, or that they only look at the composition from their own perspective.
4. Cooling correction method. After the article was written, I tried my best to write it, so I wanted to revise it, but I felt I couldn't write it. At this time, I can put away my written composition. Students' understanding of something 1 always deepens with the increase of knowledge. Therefore, after writing your composition, if you put it aside and let 1 read it by yourself, you can objectively find out what needs to be revised in your composition. Revising the composition at this time will often get good results.
5. Modify face to face. After browsing the students' compositions, teachers adopt the method of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and take turns to determine the object of face-to-face criticism and correction of students' compositions.
6, sampling correction method. The teacher divided the class's compositions into several categories according to their quality and revised them carefully. In the composition review class, review the original and revised articles. After listening, students compare and discuss, and talk about the differences before and after review. Where is this better? What do you think can be changed? Finally, the teacher made a summary. This method saves time and gains a lot more than seriously correcting the composition of the whole class.
There are many ways to modify the composition, such as comparison, expansion, condensation, recitation, circulation and copying. As long as it helps to improve students' writing level, all the above methods can be used flexibly.
6. How to modify the composition For most primary and secondary school students, "composition" is undoubtedly the most troublesome homework. When writing a composition, there is nothing to say and nothing to write. A patchwork composition of two or three hundred words is dry and lifeless. If revising the composition is a big problem, many students can only find a few typos when revising the composition. Regarding whether the sentence is fluent or not, I don't know how to change the integrity of the content at all. Some students simply don't change, because they don't know what is missing or how to change it. In order to let students learn to revise their compositions, I have come up with many ways. For example, copy a composition on the blackboard and then revise it with teachers and classmates, but the result of revising the composition in this way is that the composition of the whole class is similar, which is based on the composition on the blackboard and has no innovation at all. It is even more impossible to stimulate students' creative enthusiasm. I also asked the students to divide into four groups to exchange and revise their compositions. However, due to the different abilities of the group members, all four compositions were revised by one or two people, while others enjoyed it, only knowing that it was impossible for everyone to revise their own compositions. Moreover, one person revises several compositions, which increases the workload of individual students, and it is easy to make several compositions exactly the same. I also developed the lazy psychology of other students: anyway, someone else revised my composition, which made two completely different phenomena appear in the class: a few students are working hard, while most students are laughing, which is extremely unfavorable for cultivating students' interest in learning. In view of the above situation, I combined the characteristics of primary school students' love of being a teacher and showing off, and adopted the method of revising the composition by division of labor and cooperation in the whole class. I have made some achievements. Now let's talk about my practice and this method of modifying my composition. First of all, let's take a moment to talk about some points that need attention in this exercise, such as the accumulation and application of six exercises in Book 6 of People's Education Edition, and write this exercise through one thing. Four points should be paid attention to in this exercise: grasping the characteristics to describe the appearance, whether the event is specific, whether the sentence is fluent, and the useless errors of punctuation and typos are listed on the blackboard respectively. Then, students can freely choose what they want to modify, and then choose what they think they can do well to modify. Through teaching practice, students with good grades and strong abilities generally choose "Is the event specific?" Because they like to challenge difficulties. Some students with average grades and average abilities will choose to "grasp the characteristics and describe the appearance"; Others choose "whether sentences are fluent or not" according to their own interests to exercise themselves; Those students with poor grades and weak ability will take a dictionary and choose "whether there are typos or punctuation errors". In this way, all students will not be idle, they will have their own things to do, and they will not be under too much pressure because they can't revise their compositions. Then, students who choose these four parts will be divided into four groups and sit down. After the preparation is ready, introduce how to modify the composition to each group of students. After reading the composition carefully, students who revise "grasping characteristics and describing appearance" will write down their own suggestions at the end, such as "grasping characteristics when writing sentences describing eyes" and "describing people's demeanor with inappropriate words". After reading the composition, the students who revised "Is the Event Specific" also wrote down their own suggestions for revision, such as "the movements and language of the characters are not sure" and "the inner activities of the characters are not described". Students who modify "whether sentences are fluent" draw wavy lines under sentences that are not fluent; Students who modify "No typos or punctuation errors" can circle typos or punctuation errors with strokes of another color. After everyone has written their own suggestions for revision, they can sign their names, thus avoiding the situation that individual students modify at will, because everything is well documented and everyone must take this work seriously. This can enhance students' sense of responsibility and make them feel that they are teachers, because they are not helping you correct them. Write a comment on the composition. With this feeling, students will be more serious and think twice before making suggestions. In the process of revision, if there are some problems, they can also discuss them and then put forward suggestions for revision. After revising the suggestion, communicate with other members of the big group and revise another composition. All the students' compositions were revised by four students and then returned to their hands. According to the suggestions for revision at the back of the composition, if you don't understand anything, you can find the person who made the suggestions according to the signature and have face-to-face communication. Although it takes more time to modify the suggested composition in this way than in the past, the effect of modifying the composition is much better than in the past, and there will be no random changes and no changes in the composition. In addition, students can be trained in many ways: 1, so that every student can read other people's compositions carefully. Learn from others. No matter whether his academic performance is good or bad, there is always something worth learning in his composition. For students with good grades, you can see your advantages from those with poor grades. For students with poor grades, they can also learn how to write a composition and accumulate good words and sentences in other people's compositions. In this way, no matter who you are, you can learn the advantages from other people's compositions and apply these advantages to your own compositions. 2. Strengthen cooperation among students. We often say that we should actively advocate cooperative learning among students. Revising the composition in the form of class cooperation will strengthen the cooperation between students. Several people cooperate to complete the revision, and if the revision is difficult, they can also form a group to discuss it temporarily. Combined with many people's suggestions, it fully embodies the learning form of cooperative learning. 3. Enhance students' sense of responsibility. In the past, when deskmates or groups of four worked together to revise their compositions, there was always a phenomenon that some students would change them at random because they could not. After adopting the signature system, every student should sign his name after making suggestions. Doing so can not only urge students to take other people's compositions seriously, enhance their sense of responsibility, but also make students feel proud, because he put forward a suggestion in the composition. With a sense of responsibility and pride, students will naturally not arbitrarily change other people's compositions.
7. Is there any good way to revise the composition? Composition revision is an indispensable part of composition and is of great benefit to improving writing. (1) Content modification (1) Whether the sentence is fluent or not. (b) Whether the content meets the meaning of the topic. (c) Whether the material properly represents the center. (e) Whether the centre is clear and focused. (f) Whether the viewpoint is correct and clear. (2) Whether the format is modified. (a) whether the level is clear. (b) Whether the details are appropriate. (c) Whether Chinese characters and punctuation marks are used correctly. If you are satisfied, please accept it. Thank you.