Swedish chemist, inventor and industrialist, founder of the Nobel Prize. Nobel was born on October 21, 1833 in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. Between 1841 and 1842 he studied at St. Jacob's Church School in Stockholm. From 1843 to 1850, he studied with Russian and Swiss tutors in Petersburg, the capital of Russia. From 1850 to 1852, Nobel went to European and American countries for extensive travel and study, increasing his knowledge and broadening his horizons. At the age of only 16, he was already proficient in English, German, French, Swiss, Swedish and Russian. This laid a solid foundation for future creations and inventions.

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Nobel grew up and studied in St. Petersburg before furthering his studies in France and the United States. After completing his studies, he returned to Sweden to engage in chemistry, especially the research and invention of explosives. Nobel and his son established a laboratory on the outskirts of Stockholm and developed the mercury fulminate tube for the first time to solve the detonation of explosives. He began to produce glycerin dynamite in 1863. Since liquid explosives are prone to explosion accidents, in 1866 he produced the solid safe and violent explosive "Danamat". This product became the cornerstone of the Nobel International Industrial Group. In 1867, a safety detonator was invented, and later more powerful explosives were invented. In his lifetime, he made nearly 400 inventions including various types of explosives and rayon, and obtained 85 patents. These inventions gave Nobel an important position in the history of world chemistry. Nobel accumulated a lot of wealth by manufacturing explosives. He purchased a majority stake in the Swedish B. Gorsbon Arms and Chemical Factory, founded Nobel Chemical Company, opened two trusts for the production of explosives in Western European countries, and owned a factory in Baku, Russia. Nobel Brothers, an oil company.