Abstract
This paper introduces the development of e-commerce in my country, the opportunities and challenges faced by e-commerce in my country, and strategies to solve e-commerce problems in my country.
Keywords
Electronic signature, enterprise modernization and informatization, online payment, government participation
In August 1998, Harvard MBAs Shao Yibo and Tan Haiyin founded eBay. Soon after, eBay led the trend of e-commerce entrepreneurship in China. In November 1999, Dangdang online bookstore was established; in the same year, the B2B model Alibaba opened in Hangzhou; in May 2000, Joyo.com was officially launched as a comprehensive e-commerce website. Soon Bertelsmann settled in Shanghai, and then Sohu also launched a comprehensive portal For the first time, e-commerce services were added.
With the continuous rise of commercial e-commerce platforms in 1999, there were only a few first-generation e-commerce websites. They completed their mission of introducing e-commerce concepts into the Chinese market. According to incomplete statistics, when the Internet industry bubble burst from 2000 to 2001, more than 75% of my country's first-generation e-commerce models exited the market or were acquired by professional e-commerce platforms.
In 2005, my country's e-commerce industry also entered its sixth year of development. Looking back on the development of the past six years, my country's e-commerce has had twists and turns and detours, but in the end it won market recognition through hard work.
1 Opportunities facing my country’s e-commerce
Global economic development is entering the era of information economy. With the rapid development of the information technology revolution around the world, e-commerce, as a new mode of circulation, is It has been rapidly adopted all over the world, profoundly affecting people's production and consumption methods, changing the competition pattern of industries and enterprises, and is bringing huge changes to the economic growth methods of countries around the world. Carrying out e-commerce in our country is an important part of promoting the informatization of the national economy and society, and provides new economic development opportunities for changing the operating model of the social economy and promoting the development of the information industry.
1.1 my country’s current situation creates a good external environment for corporate e-commerce applications
1.1.1 Economic situation
From 2001 to 2004 In 2016, the total import and export volume grew steadily and rapidly. From 1994 to 2004, GDP and total domestic trade alloy exports developed steadily. This provides a basis for the development of e-commerce.
1.1.2 Political Situation
Since the Fifth Plenary Session of the 15th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in October 2000, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the "Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the National Economic and Social Development Plan" The "Recommendations of the Ten Five-Year Plan" mentioned that we should actively create conditions to promote informatization in finance, taxation, trade and other fields, and accelerate the development of e-commerce. Drive industrialization through informatization. In the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in an All-round Way and Creating a New Situation for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics", it was clearly stated that informatization is a way for my country to accelerate industrialization, insist on driving industrialization with informatization, promote informatization with industrialization, and find a new path to industrialization.
1.1.3 Social Situation
According to CNNIC’s report, the number of people accessing the Internet is growing rapidly and steadily. By 2004, the statistics were 94 million, and it is expected to reach 120 million by the end of 2005. With the advancement of e-government, enterprise informatization, and social informatization, the overall number of websites has grown steadily.
1.2 Policy environment for the development of e-commerce in my country
1.2.1 Domestic and foreign e-commerce legislation
Our country has seen the EU, the United States and other countries pass Corresponding laws have been formulated to ensure the implementation of e-commerce. Our country passed some telecommunications management regulations and Internet management measures in 2000, and passed the Electronic Signature Law in 2004. The implementation of the "Electronic Signature Law" on April 1 marks that my country's Internet economy is moving towards legalization and standardization.
1.2.2 Electronic Signature Law
On August 28, 2004, the 11th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People’s Congress voted to adopt the The Electronic Signature Law gives reliable electronic signatures the same legal effect as handwritten signatures or seals for the first time, and clarifies the market access system for electronic certification services. It is my country's first true e-commerce law and a milestone in the development of my country's e-commerce. Its promulgation and implementation will greatly improve the legal environment for my country's e-commerce and promote the establishment of a safe and trustworthy electronic transaction environment, thus Vigorously promote the development of e-commerce in my country.
1.2.3 Policies for accelerating the development of e-commerce
Some opinions on accelerating the development of e-commerce are mainly to give full play to the role of enterprises and vigorously promote the application of e-commerce. From the government side, we should improve the policy and regulatory environment, while accelerating the construction of credit, certification, standards, payment and modern logistics to form a support system conducive to the development of e-commerce.
1.3 my country’s e-commerce plan
1.3.1 Strengthen institutional and mechanism innovation
All departments and localities must strengthen Coordination, gradually establish a working mechanism with reasonable division of labor and mutual cooperation, and strengthen macro guidance for the development of my country’s e-commerce. Gradually deepen the reform of the socialist market economic system, optimize resource allocation, and provide a fair, just and open platform for the development of my country's e-commerce. Enterprises should explore and establish leadership systems, management systems and incentive mechanisms suitable for the development of e-commerce to promote the development of e-commerce applications.
1.3.2 Cultivate the e-commerce application market
Government departments should actively adopt e-commerce methods in government procurement, give play to the driving role of e-government, and promote the development of e-commerce. Traditional enterprises should increase their efforts in information technology transformation, strengthen enterprise informatization construction, and actively adopt e-commerce in procurement, sales and other links. E-commerce enterprises should be demand-oriented and develop e-commerce services with rich content and various forms to meet market demand. Improve the information awareness of the entire population, popularize the application of information technology, and encourage consumers’ online consumption behavior.
1.3.3 Improve the e-commerce development environment
Take the promulgation and implementation of the "Electronic Signature Law" as an opportunity to revise existing legal provisions that are not suitable for the development of the network economy, Research and formulate laws and regulations involving deep-seated issues in e-commerce, and gradually deepen and improve the legal environment for the development of e-commerce. All departments should strengthen coordination to implement the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of E-Commerce", formulate relevant supporting documents, and optimize the policy environment for e-commerce development. The government should strengthen its service awareness and play the role of intermediaries to strengthen support and services for enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises in informatization and e-commerce, and support places and industries with good foundations and obvious results.
1.3.4 Cultivate e-commerce related talents
In e-commerce activities, in every field and every process, people are inseparable. In business, not only high-tech personnel are needed, but also a large number of comprehensive talents who master modern information technology and modern business theory and practice. Therefore, the government should make full use of various channels and means to cultivate, introduce and rationally use a group of high-quality, reasonable-level, professional and supporting professionals in network, computer and business management to accelerate the pace of my country's e-commerce construction. The state should encourage the education department to popularize network knowledge among students, and offer elective courses such as Internet, e-commerce, and information management in qualified schools, especially in economics, trade, computer and other professional departments of colleges and universities, so as to cultivate high-quality compound students. talents to meet the needs of society.
1.3.5 Ensure the security of e-commerce transactions
Take effective measures to ensure the security of e-commerce information systems and ensure confidentiality, availability, controllability and non-repudiation . Build and improve the certification agency system, standardize certification services, strengthen the identification and appraisal of the identities of all parties involved in e-commerce, adopt encryption and other technical means, improve security management capabilities, and ensure the security of e-commerce transactions.
2 Challenges faced by my country’s e-commerce
The rise of e-commerce is more of a challenge than an opportunity for our country. my country has encountered far more problems in the development process of e-commerce than other developed countries. It not only needs to solve the problem of the transformation of EDI business from closed to open, the confidentiality and security of large transactions in Internet commerce, but also the problems of electronic taxation and its Management issues, etc., and there are also a series of unique problems that need to be solved.
2.1 Enterprise modernization issues
E-commerce consists of government regulatory behavior and residents’ consumption or investment behavior, but it is mainly the purchasing and selling behavior of enterprises. Therefore, the development and modernization of enterprises are directly related to the foundation of e-commerce. At present, there are common problems in our country's enterprises such as low level of information management, incomplete information institutions, insufficient investment in information construction and excessive construction costs, and insufficient use of computer networks in operation and management. The information processing capabilities of national enterprises are only 2.1% of the world average. 70% of key national enterprises believe that information investment is insufficient. The cumulative investment in information technology and equipment accounts for only 0.3% of total assets, which is significantly lower than that of developed countries. The level of 8% to 10% of enterprises is far away, and 62% of enterprises still believe that they lack professional information technology talents.
2.2 Information network environment and condition issues
Currently, most of my country’s basic or core technologies with intellectual property rights are owned by foreign R&D institutions or IT manufacturers; key components of products or Most of the basic platforms for software development are provided by foreign manufacturers, while domestic manufacturers only complete assembly and localized application development; high-performance computers and network equipment are mostly monopolized by brand products, and domestic manufacturers' products only occupy the position of filling in gaps; In the value-added and value-added fields of information integration, the service level of domestic enterprises is relatively low, especially when it comes to the synthesis of the basic situation and operating conditions of enterprises, industries and the national economy. Its development and utilization, effective transmission and social sharing are basically basic. In a blank state. In addition, due to economic strength and technical reasons, my country's network infrastructure construction is still relatively slow and lagging behind, and the quality of the built network is far from the requirements of e-commerce. Therefore, from the perspective of e-commerce requirements, there are large gaps in network technology, network management, technical standards, consumption levels, communication speed, security and confidentiality conditions, and other aspects.
2.3 Market maturity issues
The application fields of e-commerce are divided into two categories: transactions between enterprises and transactions between individual consumers and enterprises. Judging from its development process, it must go through a stage from simple business information inquiry to online shopping and transaction realization. According to a survey, the total value of consumers purchasing online services and products in 1997 was US$3.2 billion, but the number of consumers who searched for product information online before shopping offline amounted to US$4.2 billion. This shows that it is not difficult to establish a smooth and fast shopping network. However, establishing a mature and reliable consumption system and a mutually trusting market operation method will not be achieved overnight. In China, due to many irregularities in the quality assurance of goods sources, counterfeit goods, shoddy products, inability to deliver after-sales services, etc., customers have doubts about online consumption. Therefore, even if customers have Internet access, Also willing to use the traditional way of selecting goods. In addition, for online transactions, customers or businesses have no confidence in the security of online fund accounts. In this case, to develop e-commerce, we must accelerate the cultivation of the market. Let it become popular as soon as possible so that e-commerce can develop healthily.
2.4 Online payment issues
The progress of e-commerce requires payment and settlement. In the future, direct transactions on the Internet will need to be completed through various methods such as bank credit cards. transactions, as well as payments and charges in international trade through connections to financial networks. At present, the communication platforms used by various state-owned professional bank networks in my country are not uniform, which is not conducive to the interconnection and interoperability of inter-bank business among banks and the implementation of the central bank's financial supervision and macro-control policies. In addition, the credit card standards of each bank are different and cannot be universal. It is not yet possible to use credit cards for online payment. China's financial industry urgently needs to adapt to the process of globalization and accelerate the pace of change.
2.5 Coordination and Unification Issues
E-commerce is a business activity that spans many departments such as industrial and commercial administration, customs, insurance, finance and taxation, and banks, as well as different regions and countries. In order to ensure The smooth implementation of e-commerce requires certain standards and rules, a unified legal and administrative framework, and a strong comprehensive coordination organization.
2.6 Issues of personnel quality and skills
E-commerce is a new thing, and its knowledge urgently needs to be popularized. For our country, it is particularly necessary to improve the computer level of business leaders and the business quality and network skills of business personnel.
Obviously, based on my country’s national conditions and conditions, it is impossible for our country to solve all the above problems in a short period of time, but we cannot wait for all problems to be solved before developing e-commerce. The development of e-commerce is a necessary and urgent issue for our country. Therefore, we can only actively promote the solution of these problems one by one in the process of developing e-commerce.
3 Countermeasures and suggestions for solving current e-commerce problems
3.1 Enterprise informatization should be regarded as the basis of e-commerce
Enterprise informatization refers to the application of information Technology, the process of developing and using enterprise information resources to improve enterprise management level, development capabilities and operational level.
Since the 1980s, the rapid development of global information technology, especially the emergence and popularization of applications of the Internet, has enabled information technology to rapidly penetrate into various fields of social economy, marking the development of the global information society. Formation, informatization has become a world trend that is independent of human will. Since the 1990s, the U.S. economy has continued to grow. One of the reasons is the rapid development of information technology and related industries, which is specifically reflected in the rapid improvement of the informatization level of enterprises and the rapid popularization of information technology applications. On the one hand, the use of information technology to transform traditional industries has quickly completed industrial upgrading; on the other hand, the application of information technology and the expansion of the Internet have stimulated the development and production of computer software and hardware. "High growth, high employment and low inflation" have become important symbols of U.S. economic growth.
Based on my country's actual situation, the current focus of enterprise informatization work is: establishing and improving a management system with financial management as the core, and gradually promoting the development of e-commerce. Take the lead in promoting the informatization construction of key national enterprises with relatively good foundations and drive the pace of informatization construction of enterprises across the country.
3.2 Strengthen the active participation of the government and give full play to the country's macro-planning and guidance functions
The development of e-commerce requires the active participation and promotion of the government and enterprises. In developed countries, the development of e-commerce mainly relies on the participation and investment of private enterprises, but the government still needs to actively guide it. In developing countries, direct participation and help from the government is even more needed. Compared with developed countries, developing countries have smaller enterprises, backward information technology, and low debt repayment capabilities. Government participation can help introduce technology, expand enterprise scale, and improve enterprises' ability to repay debts. In addition, the information industry in developing countries is mostly under government monopoly or highly regulated. Without the active participation and help of the government, it will be difficult to develop e-commerce rapidly in these countries.
In terms of developing e-commerce, our country should not only attach importance to the promoting role of the private and industrial and commercial sectors, but also strengthen the macro-planning of the development of e-commerce by government departments and provide good laws and regulations for the development of e-commerce. environment.
In addition to the formulation of laws, computer security technology must also be strengthened. Relevant departments should organize a capable security technology research team to concentrate on solving e-commerce security technology issues as soon as possible, including cryptography technology, firewall technology, authentication technology, trace technology, etc., and be able to follow the development of computer and e-commerce technology. In order to continuously improve these technologies and ensure the security of online transactions, we should start to establish a corresponding national security control center system. This system should include sub-centers such as international entrance and exit (information customs) monitoring, electronic transaction certificate authorization, key management, security product evaluation and certification, virus detection and prevention, system attack and counter-attack. Through the coordination of various security control sub-centers, e-commerce transaction risks are reduced to a minimum.
In order to ensure the smooth completion of the physical aspects of online e-commerce activities, a public electronic product shopping guide platform must be built, which mainly involves two aspects: network platform construction and corporate information database construction. The transaction information that people send to the Internet must be transmitted accurately and quickly among suppliers, distributors, management departments, banks, transportation and other departments. This requires all countries and departments to unify standards for information storage, communication, and processing. and agreement, with a coordinated shopping guide platform. At the same time, the construction of the product information database of each enterprise is the foundation of the platform. If an enterprise does not have a product information database that is consistent with the platform standards, e-commerce will lose the basis for survival.
In short, e-commerce is an important part of the national economy and social informatization. Vigorously promoting e-commerce in our country is an objective requirement for implementing the scientific outlook on development and an effective measure to transform the mode of economic growth and respond to the challenges of globalization. . In recent years, my country's e-commerce has shown a good momentum of development, and its application has achieved initial results. However, compared with developed countries, my country's e-commerce is still in its infancy. In the future, all departments must strengthen coordination and work together to create a good external environment for corporate e-commerce applications, give full play to the main role of corporate applications, and seize the promulgation and implementation of the "Electronic Signature Law" and "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of E-Commerce" The development opportunities it brings will promote the healthy, sustainable and pragmatic development of my country’s e-commerce.
Main references:
Books: 1 Yun Gang, Yue Yunchang: "Basic Tutorial on E-Commerce", Machinery Industry Press, 2005.
2 Yang Jianzheng: "E-commerce Marketing Cases", China Renmin University Press, 2002.