Puppies live mainly on breast milk for the first 30 days after birth. Compared with human milk, dog milk contains more protein and fat.
Three weeks after birth, the puppy began to grow teeth. At this time, in addition to feeding it dog milk, it should also be supplemented with some weaning food. Weaning period is the most critical period for puppy growth, so malnutrition must be prevented. There are special weaning dog foods on the market. You can also add some boiled water or dog milk to puppy dog food to make soft dog food, which is convenient to eat and rich in nutrition. Puppy dog food contains more calories and nutrients than adult dog food, which is small in size and easy to eat.
Feeding times vary with individual differences of weaned puppies, and feeding 4 ~ 6 times a day is the most suitable. Weaning food should be less, so it is easy to digest. Feel free to feed the dog milk powder: If you feed too much milk at a time, it may cause indigestion and diarrhea. Feed a small amount to dogs with indigestion. Dog milk powder with the same composition as dog milk can be fed to puppies in large quantities.
In addition, when buying a puppy in a pet store, it is best to consult a professional about the feeding times and food types suitable for this puppy.
By slightly increasing the amount of weaning food, puppies can be completely weaned about 50 days after birth.
Production method of weaned dog food: 1. Add enough warm water to the puppy dog food and soak the dry dog food until it becomes soft. 2. Crush the dog food with a small spoon and add some milk powder to supplement the dog with a lot of calcium. 3, gently stir into a paste, delicious weaned dog food is ready. Growth period: (from the third month after birth) The food after weaning determines the eating habits in the future.
After 2 months of birth, the puppy's deciduous teeth are basically flush, and it is necessary to gradually feed the puppy dog food. At first, a small amount of puppy dog food was added to weaned food and fed 3 ~ 4 times a day. Then gradually increase the proportion of puppy dog food until it is completely replaced by puppy dog food. The frequency of breastfeeding should be gradually reduced, and it should be reduced to 2-3 times a day after 6 months of birth.
In addition, during this period, the puppy has the ability to digest starch and can feed this appropriate amount of cereal.
2 ~ 5 months after birth is the time to develop eating habits. If people are fed too much food, they will lose interest in dog food. If you plan to feed dogs mainly with dog food, you'd better not feed people food. What should puppies of one to two months pay attention to? 1. It is suggested that you feed the dog with puppy dog food. If the dog is too young, you can feed it with dog milk powder. Add a little lactase to the milk powder to prevent him from having diarrhea after changing food. Slowly add dog food to the milk, not milk. Generally, dogs will have diarrhea after drinking milk, which will cause dehydration in severe cases. During this period, you can prepare some "Mi Cola" at home to prevent the puppy from having diarrhea and indigestion. Don't feed other foods, including any snacks (there are many foods that can cause dog poisoning or allergies, please refer to the website search for specific food names). 2. Take safety measures at home: puppies are curious by nature and will try any new objects through smell and biting. You should take some simple measures to remove fragile things and make sure that the dog won't bite dangerous things such as wires. Pay attention to whether all power outlets are turned off. Chili oil can prevent puppies from biting. Danger at home: In order to prevent the puppy from going out, lock the door and close the window. Keep wires, cleaning and decorative materials out of the reach of dogs. Take away valuables and emotional items temporarily until the puppy has passed the biting stage. Move the fragile things, too.
Let's drink to the puppies:
1, food suitable for puppies (1) Special food for puppies: dog food, canned food, etc. (2) Puppy milk powder: There are special puppy milk powder or skim milk powder, which can be Nestle's Lido refined milk powder, but it is best to buy bagged milk powder. If it is a large dog, you can buy it in barrels. (3) Egg yolk: The advantage of egg yolk is that it is not only rich in protein, but also contains digestible vitamin A, calcium and minerals. (4) Meat: Although cows, pigs and chickens are excellent foods, it is advisable to choose the fat-free part when feeding puppies, because fat is easy to deteriorate. But feed it cooked, not raw meat!
2. Food not suitable for puppies (1) Frozen milk (2) Meat containing a lot of fat. (3) Irritating foods such as acid, spicy and salty. (4) Small bones: Large and medium-sized puppies can be fed with large bones rich in calcium, and never feed chicken, fish, duck bones, etc. (5) Pastry Generally speaking, dogs don't need to feed cakes. (6) chicken liver, etc. Don't feed poultry viscera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The most taboo food for dogs: alcoholic drinks: it can lead to drunkenness, coma and even death. Baby food: It may contain onion powder, which may poison dogs (see onion column below). If fed in large quantities, it will lead to insufficient nutrition. Fish bones, poultry bones and other meat bones: can cause blockage or abrasion of the digestive system. Cat food: It is usually rich in protein and fat. Chocolate, coffee, tea and other foods containing caffeine: containing caffeine, theobromine or theophylline may cause poisoning in dogs and affect the heart and nervous system. Citrus (lemon) oil extract: may cause vomiting. Selected fats: can cause pancreatitis. Grapes and raisins: contain an unknown toxin that can damage the kidneys. But grape seed extract does not have this problem. Hops: contains unknown compounds, which can cause asthma, rapid heartbeat, elevated body temperature, heart attack and even death. Vitamin supplementation for people with iron: it can destroy the inner wall of digestive system and is toxic to organs such as liver and kidney. A large amount of liver food: can lead to vitamin A poisoning, affecting muscles and bones. Macadamia nut: contains unknown toxins, which can affect the digestive system, nervous system and muscles. Cannabis: It can inhibit the nervous system, cause vomiting or change the normal heart rhythm. Milk and other dairy products: Some adult dogs and cats lack enough enzymes (lactase) to break down lactose. So it will lead to diarrhea. Dairy products without lactose are more suitable for pets. Moldy and rotten food and garbage: It contains a variety of toxins, which can cause vomiting and diarrhea and may affect other tissues. Mushrooms: contain toxins, which can affect many systems in the body, causing shock and even death. Onion and garlic (eaten raw, cooked or made into powder): contain dimethyl sulfoxide, which can destroy red blood cells and lead to anemia. Cats are more susceptible than dogs. Garlic is less toxic than onion. Persimmon: Persimmon seeds can cause intestinal obstruction and gastroenteritis. Peach and plum pit: can cause digestive tract obstruction. Leaves (buds) of potatoes, rhubarb and tomatoes; Stems of potatoes and tomatoes: contain oxalate, which can affect the digestive system, nervous system and urinary system. It has a greater impact on livestock. Raw egg: contains an enzyme-avidin, which will affect the absorption of vitamin H (a B vitamin). Can cause skin diseases and back hair problems. Raw eggs may also contain salmonella. Raw fish: it can lead to vitamin B 1 deficiency, loss of appetite, sudden heart attack (or other diseases) and even death in severe cases. If you feed raw fish often, it is more likely to cause these. Salt: If you eat a lot of salt, it will lead to electrolyte imbalance. Thread: It can be wound in the digestive system and is called "thread foreign body". Sugar food: It can lead to obesity, dental problems and possibly diabetes. Leftovers (a lot): Leftovers are not balanced in nutrition. Even if fed, it should not exceed 10% of the diet. Remove the fat from the meat and don't feed the bones. Tobacco: contains nicotine, which can affect the digestive system and nervous system. It can lead to tachycardia, collapse, coma and death. Fermented dough: it will swell in the digestive system, produce gas, cause pain and even cause gastrointestinal prolapse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regarding the calcium supplementation for dogs, the methods of calcium supplementation for dogs of different breeds and sizes are different at different ages. But no matter what size dogs are, they don't need calcium supplementation during lactation, because they can get a lot of calcium from breast milk. Small dogs and small dogs fed with puppy dog food do not need calcium supplementation after weaning, because the puppy food will contain a proper amount of calcium.
However, large and medium-sized dogs should pay attention to proper calcium supplementation at this time. Because the bigger the dog, the faster it grows, and the greater the demand for calcium, the calcium contained in the general puppy food is difficult to meet their growth needs. If you feed your dog homemade food, you should pay more attention to supplementing calcium to your dog in time. In addition, if your dog eats animal liver or meat for a long time, it should also be supplemented with calcium. Because this kind of food not only contains low calcium content, but also contains high concentration of vitamin A, long-term intake of high concentration of vitamin A by dogs will inhibit the absorption of calcium. Therefore, you should immediately get rid of the habit of feeding the liver for a long time and supplement calcium in time.
What harm can a dog suffer from calcium deficiency?
The puppies are short of calcium, the ribs may be everted, and the wrist and elbow joints of the forelimbs may be deformed. Small dogs are prone to O-legs, and large and medium dogs may cause serious deformation of their forelimbs. If not found in time, improper treatment may also lead to permanent claudication.
In addition, the age of 2 ~ 3 months is an important period for the formation of intervertebral discs in puppies. If calcium is deficient at this time, some breeds that are prone to intervertebral disc diseases (such as Beijing Dog, Shih Tzu Dog, pug, poodle, etc. ) will attack in adulthood, causing lifelong pain.
When the puppy grows to 4-6 months, the deciduous teeth in the mouth begin to fall off and the permanent teeth begin to grow. If there is calcium deficiency at this time, the deciduous teeth will not fall off, the permanent teeth will grow slowly, the enamel layer will be thin and the structure will be unstable, and it is easy to have double rows of teeth or irregular permanent teeth. These dogs are prone to diseases such as bad breath and gingivitis in adulthood, which directly affects their life span.
When dogs enter adulthood, dogs fed with dog food do not need to supplement calcium alone. Because the growth and development of dogs' bones and other organs have basically stopped during this period, the demand for calcium is very small. If you are a male dog and a pregnant and lactating bitch, you still need to supplement a lot of calcium, because semen, embryonic dogs and milk will cause a lot of calcium loss in the body. If you can't get it in time, you will use the calcium in the body's calcium pool to cause osteoporosis.
Bitches in postpartum lactation will cause acute postpartum calcium deficiency due to low blood calcium concentration. Its symptoms are limb twitching, whole body rigidity, body temperature can rise above 40℃, and even cause coma and death.
Large dogs enter the old age at the age of 8. Due to endocrine and other reasons, the intake of calcium in old dogs decreases and the loss increases. At this time, small dogs should be fed old dog food, otherwise, calcium should be supplemented artificially while maintaining a certain amount of exercise. Otherwise, it will cause osteoporosis and increase the incidence of bone spurs and fractures.
How to supplement calcium for dogs?
There is no obvious difference between dogs and people in supplementing calcium. Generally speaking, calcium products for people are also suitable for dogs. In addition, calcium tablets, of course, refer to special calcium tablets for pets ~ If dogs don't want to eat them, you can buy calcium powder and sprinkle it in dog food ~ In fact, bone soup is not the best choice for calcium supplementation, because the calcium content in bone soup is not high, which is suitable for drinking milk or fish soup with fishbones removed, and the effect is good ~ Eating more dairy products, cartilage and other foods and reducing the intake of foods with high vitamin A content such as liver is also beneficial.
If your dog has symptoms of calcium deficiency, it is necessary to take medicine. I suggest you choose less expensive calcium carbonate and calcium lactate, and at the same time inject vitamin D3, take vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 tablets orally. Of course, if conditions permit, you can also choose some imported brands of calcium for pets, because these products are still relatively professional.
How much calcium should the dog eat?
How much calcium should be supplemented depends on the breed, size, age and calcium deficiency of the dog. It is best to go to the animal hospital to listen to the advice of professional veterinarians! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Life-long immunization program for dogs to prevent and control infectious diseases in dogs: (including easily acquired infectious diseases)
First immunization: puppies are born for 5-6 weeks and vaccinated with six or seven shots; Two weeks after the first immunization, six or seven vaccines were inoculated; Two weeks after the second immunization, six or seven shots of vaccine were inoculated (1 year-old or older); Vaccinate twice a year (spring and autumn).
Description: 1, six vaccines include: canine distemper, parvovirus, infectious hepatitis, parainfluenza, infectious bronchitis and rabies; 2. Seven vaccines include canine distemper, parvovirus, infectious hepatitis, parainfluenza, infectious bronchitis, rabies, leptospira and rabies. In addition, dogs are the intermediate and final hosts of many parasites, so we should also do a good job in the prevention and control of parasites. Parasites are divided into internal parasites and external parasites. The most common internal parasites are roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms, coccidia and trichomonads. These parasites are parasitic in the intestines of dogs, and timely treatment is not dangerous to the lives of dogs. The most common ectoparasites are mites, fleas, lice and ticks. Most of these parasites are caused by humans and animals, so it is necessary to prevent them in pet hospitals in time. Puppies will repel intestinal worms at the age of 20 days. Most puppies have intestinal parasites, which are infected by bitches through placenta or milk. After the first deworming at the age of 20 days, once a month until half a year old, once every quarter after half a year old and once every six months after adulthood. After vaccination, dogs can only be bathed for 5-7 days. List of Chinese letters in tags of dogs infected between Wei and Wei-canine distemper virus; H- hepatitis virus (including adenovirus type 2); P- parvovirus; Parainfluenza virus; R- rabies; Leptospira, leptospira hemorrhagic jaundice.
Puppy DP brown cover (seedling)+diluent red cover (diluent) quintuple seedling = = DHPPI dark blue cover+diluent red cover (diluent) hexamer seedling = = DHPPI dark blue cover+intellectual man fit light yellow cover heptamer seedling = = DHPPI dark blue cover +RL rabies bipartite seedling (black cover) rabies sky blue cover = =
Usage: Vaccination should be carried out in strict accordance with the immunization procedures formulated by animal doctors. Premature vaccination can not only guarantee health, but also destroy the efficacy of maternal antibodies and have the opposite effect. Maternal antibodies refer to antibodies obtained from the mother and colostrum of newborn puppies and cats. Maternal antibodies can ensure their resistance to diseases for a period of time after birth. When maternal antibodies disappear, it is necessary to let puppies and cats get antibodies by vaccines. General method (relatively safe and conservative): 6-week-old dog vaccine. Eight-week-old Liuhe Miao. 1 1 Zhou Da ━ ━ Seven seedlings. ★ The maternal antibody is good, and there is no epidemic situation: 8 weeks old ━ ━ Six vaccines. 1 1 Zhou Da ━ ━ Seven seedlings. The above is the immunization program for dogs in the first year, and they will be injected with six vaccines plus rabies vaccine once a year.
At present, it is often heard that there are too many fake Dutch Intelway vaccines on the market. In fact, as long as you know the registration mark, it is not difficult to distinguish between true and false. Looking for Bivouac? 0? 3 Registration mark:
1, see if the handwriting is clear. (Pink bottles have Chinese labels since 200808) 2. See if there are any veterinary drug inspection labels. (Since August, 200508, there has been an anti-counterfeiting label on the bottle cap. ) 3. See if the powder bottle is vacuum. (What is formal is vacuum, and what is not vacuum is either invalid or false) 4. See if the powder has cracks. (The failed seedlings have cracks) 5. Look at the color and dissolution rate of the fusion body. (Very soluble, reddish in color, without precipitation) 6. Bottle labels are not easy to tear off. (But when it comes to alcohol, it drops. )
Note: There is a quadruple vaccine with Chinese label on the market, which is actually a quintuple vaccine. The "H" in DHPPi stands for hepatitis virus and also includes canine adenovirus type II. Only the "quadruple vaccine" is marked on the Chinese label, which belongs to the same vaccine as the commonly mentioned quintuple vaccine. Prevent canine distemper, canine parvovirus disease, canine infectious hepatitis, canine parainfluenza and canine adenovirus II. It is the only vaccine with batch number approved by the Ministry of Agriculture in China. PS: The bottle cap should be affixed with the anti-counterfeiting mark of Chinese veterinary drug quality supervision. This is very important! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: In principle, it is best not to take a bath for puppies under three and a half months and before all vaccination. Because the puppy's respiratory system is still very fragile at this time, it will be very troublesome if the puppy catches a cold because of carelessness in bathing. If not treated in time, it is easy to turn into pneumonia. If it becomes lobular pneumonia, it will be even more terrible and may endanger the life of the puppy. During the vaccination period, if bathing leads to a cold and the puppy's body resistance decreases, it will lead to immune failure, and the vaccine itself is an attenuated virus, which is life-threatening. So try not to take a shower during this time. You can choose to give the dog a bath before the injection, and make sure that the dog does not have a cold before giving the dog an injection. If the dog can't take a bath but his body is dirty, he can comb his hair regularly every day, which will effectively remove impurities such as dust from his body hair. At the same time, it will stimulate the growth of hair follicles and comb the bun, which is also good for skin health and hair quality; Moreover, being diligent in appearance is also what the owner should do; Another way is to use dry cleaning powder special for pets, which is also effective in cleaning body hair and removing odor. Just try it. Puppies are three and a half months old. They can take a bath on 10 days after vaccination, but there are some points that must be noted: 1. The best time to take a bath is at noon, when the sun is abundant and the temperature is high, which is suitable for bathing. 2, the water temperature must be controlled at about 45 degrees, especially puppies and pregnant bitches. 3. To bathe Shama, be sure to choose a dog bath lotion specially used for washing white hair, and dilute it with water according to the correct ratio before using it. It is forbidden to use shampoo or shower gel for human use. The products used by people are too alkaline, which is very harmful to the hair and skin of dogs. 4. Be sure to fully dry your body hair after bathing. The specific method is to insert your fingers deep into your hair. If you feel that the underlying hair is still wet, you must continue to blow dry, otherwise you will easily catch a cold or cause bacteria to multiply when you get wind, leading to skin diseases. Hairdressing can choose a special hair dryer for dogs or a high-power hair dryer (1000W or more). 5, bathing can not be too diligent, too diligent bathing will destroy the acid-base balance of satsuma mandarin skin, but it is easy to cause skin diseases. The correct way is once a month in summer and once a month in winter. 6. If a dog swims in natural river or seawater, it must take a bath.