First of all, there is no Nobel Prize in Biology, only the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The list of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine from 2000 to 2015 is as follows:
2000 Arvid Carlson (Sweden), Paul Greengard (United States), Eric Kandel (United States) .
2001 Leland Hartwell (US), Tim Hunter (UK), Paul Nurse (UK).
2002 Sydney Brenner (UK), H. Robert Horwitz (US), John E. Sulston (UK).
2003 Paul Lauterberg (US), Peter Mansfield (UK).
2004 Richard Axel (US), Linda Buck (US).
2005 Barry Marshall (Australia), Robin Warren (Australia).
2006 Andrew Fahe (US), Craig Mello (US).
2007 Mario Capecchi (US), Martin Evans (UK), Oliver Smith (US).
2008 Harald Zur Hausen (Germany), Fran?oise Bar-Sinoussi (France), Luc Montagny (France).
2009 Elizabeth Blackburn (Australia), Carol Greder (USA), Jack Szostak (UK).
2010 Robert Jeffrey Edwards (English).
2011 Bruce Butler (U.S.), Jules Hoffman (France), Ralph Steinman (U.S.).
2012 John Gordon (UK), Shinya Yamanaka (Japan)
2013 James E. Rothman (US), Randy W. Schekman (US) , Thomas C. Sudhoff (Germany).
2014 John O'Keeffe (English), May Brett Moser (Norway), Edward Moser (Norway).
2015 William C. Campbell (Ireland), Satoshi Omura (Japan), Tu Youyou (middle).
Extended information:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is based on the late Swedish chemist Alfred It was established by Nobel's will to honor those who have made outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine in the previous year.
The front of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine medal shows Nobel’s profile in profile, with Nobel’s birth and death years (Roman numerals) on the right, and the author’s signature “E.LINDBERG 1902” in the lower left corner
The pattern on the back of the medal shows Hygeia, the goddess of health in ancient Greek mythology, collecting spring water from rocks to quench the thirst of a sick girl. The medal is engraved with a Latin phrase that roughly translates to: New discoveries make life better.
The award was first awarded in 1901 and is selected by Karolinska Institutet, a medical university in Stockholm, Sweden. The award ceremony is held every year on December 10 (the anniversary of Nobel’s death). .