In our daily life and work, reports are closely linked to our lives, and they include title, text, ending and so on. How should we write the report? The following is the format of the experimental report I compiled, hoping to help you. Format of experimental report 1
I. Introduction of experimental report knowledge
An experimental report is a scientific research document written after the experiment itself is taken as the research object or the experiment is taken as the main research means to obtain scientific research results. The experimental report has the characteristics of scientificity, practicality and standardization of general scientific research documents.
(I) Concept and use of experimental report
Experimental report is a written material that the experimenter completely and truly records and describes an experimental process and results in a certain scientific research activity or professional study. It is a summary and generalization of experimental work, an indispensable part of the whole experimental work and an important manifestation of experimental results.
in scientific research activities, experiments are an important method to form, develop and test scientific theories or hypotheses, and experimental reports are the distillation of experimental links and an important part of experimental work. Experimental report has the function of information exchange and data preservation, which is conducive to accumulating research data, summarizing research results, improving the observation ability of experimenters, analyzing and solving problems, and cultivating the style of study of integrating theory with practice and the scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts.
In professional study, experimental report is a written record of students' summary of experimental principles, operation steps, original data and test results, a way for students to summarize the whole experimental process, and also a basic requirement and an important part of experimental teaching in a specific major. The writing of experimental report can stimulate students' interest in learning, correct their attitude towards scientific research, cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems independently, and train students' comprehensive thinking ability and writing ability. It is a simulation training for writing scientific research report or scientific paper in scientific research work, which is beneficial to students' future scientific research and practical work.
(II) Characteristics of the experimental report
1. Scientificity
The scientific nature of the experimental report means that the materials reported are true and accurate. The content is correct and objective, the argument is rigorous and sufficient, and it can stand the test of repetition and practice. The conclusion is universal and objective. Without strict scientific nature, the experimental report will lose its value and significance.
2. Practicality
Practicality of experimental reports means that experimental reports come from scientific experimental activities, which are experimental records and summaries that must be carefully written. They are the basic links and requirements of experimental practice courses for specific majors, and they are clearly targeted, operable and repeatable.
3. Normalization
Normalization of experimental reports mainly means that the forms and specifications must be expressed in accordance with unified standards, which is the scientific requirement of scientific research activities and the practical need of the development of the information age. Only in this way can we realize the efficient and unified recording, sorting, retrieval, evaluation, dissemination and communication of experimental reports.
II. Writing format and requirements
(I) Writing format
There is no fixed format for the experimental report in practical application, which generally includes the following contents:
1. Title
The title of the experimental report is the name of the experiment, which is a high summary of the experimental content. There are two kinds of titles: single and compound. The former is such as Verifying Ohm's Law, Experimental Report on Research on Ways and Methods of College Students' Moral Education, and the latter is such as Exploring New Ideas of Composition Teaching in Accordance with the New Curriculum Idea-Experimental Report on "Learning-oriented" Composition Teaching Reform, Soybean Chemical Quality Inspection-protein Measurement, etc.
The experimental reports of natural science used in teaching are often titled as "experimental report" or "experimental report of xx course", and "experimental name" is one of the contents.
2. Signature and date
The experimental report used in teaching often indicates the experimenter's name, student number, experimental group number and group number, collaborator, date, place, experimental conditions and other information.
The experimental report used in practical work often needs to indicate the researcher's work unit, or the experimenter or person in charge, team leader and writer of a certain topic, and indicate the school where they are located. Other personnel can write it at the end of the report to show that they are responsible for the experimental report and facilitate readers to contact with it.
3. Preface
Preface generally describes the research object, significance and function, purpose and preparation of the experiment, and the language should be highly concise and general.
preface can also be called "introduction" in some experimental reports, which concisely explains the source, background, experimental progress, experimental objects and scale of the experimental topic, and shows the practical significance of solving this topic. Sometimes, in the form of "raising questions", it introduces the purpose of the research, the basis of the topic selection, the significance and value of the research, the present situation of research in this field at home and abroad, the existing problems and research trends, the main content of the research and the research framework.
4. Text
(I) Experimental principle. Briefly explain the theoretical basis of the experiment, including the important concepts involved in the experiment, the main laws, axioms, formulas, corresponding circuit diagrams or light path diagrams, etc.
(2) experimental equipment. State the principle, name, model and main specifications of the instruments and equipment used, the names of appliances and consumables, experimental devices, etc.
(3) experimental methods. Explain the research methods used in the experimental research, let others know under what conditions and circumstances, through what methods and according to what facts, so as to evaluate the scientific nature of the experimental research and the authenticity and reliability of the results. At the same time, it is also convenient for others to repeat the experiment in the same way.
(4) experimental steps and matters needing attention. According to the specific experiment, write the main operation steps or operation flow chart or operation worksheet, show the process and significance of the experiment, and explain the matters needing attention in the experiment correctly, comprehensively and in detail.
(5) experimental results. The experimental results are the reflection and embodiment of the value of experimental activities. It is required to record all the experimental results truthfully, including all kinds of phenomena and data in the experiment, and make necessary processing by substituting them into formulas and calculating. The experimental results must be true, accurate and reliable.
(6) Analysis and discussion. Indicate the various factors that affect the experiment, the analysis and explanation of various phenomena observed in the experiment, the comparison between the experimental results and the predicted or inferred results, and the regular things found in the experiment. This part is the reflection of the experiment from the sense ratio to the rational knowledge, and expresses the experimenter's views.
5. Conclusion
According to the observed phenomena and measured data during the experiment, a conclusion is drawn.
6. Remarks and explanations
Explain the reasons for the success or failure of the experiment, the experience gained after the experiment, etc. Some types of experimental reports indicate the important original data collected and accumulated in the process of experimental research and the tools, means and equipment used in experimental research with "Appendix".
7. references
at the end of the report, the source of the data directly mentioned or quoted in the experimental report should be indicated. For the arrangement of references, please refer to the references of academic papers. Journals should include the author, the title of the paper, the number of pages, the title and issue number of the journal, and works should include the name of the author, the title of the book, the name of the publishing house, the publication time and the number of pages.
The above-mentioned items are not indispensable in the practical application of the experimental report, and the structural form and content of the experimental report should be determined and organized according to the actual needs such as subject characteristics, professional nature and experimental types.
(2) Writing requirements
1. Carefully observe and truthfully record
The experimenter should carefully observe all kinds of phenomena in the experiment process, analyze the causes of all kinds of phenomena, and realistically record and describe all kinds of phenomena and measured data. It is not allowed to exaggerate, shrink or fabricate, nor to copy the teaching materials or the experimental results of others, and it is forbidden to practise fraud.
2. Accurate explanation and clear hierarchy
When writing, it is necessary to accurately introduce the purpose, equipment, principles, methods, steps and conclusions of the experiment, and combine the experimental results to analyze, deduce conclusions and sublimate understanding. The data are reliable, the explanation is appropriate, the analysis is clear, the context is clear, the chart is accurate and reasonable, the writing is neat and standardized, and good writing habits are cultivated, which is also scientific.
3. The format is standardized, which indicates that all the contents of the scientific experimental report have their own value and function. When writing, they should be written in strict accordance with the unified form and specifications, and items should not be added or deleted at will. Generally, concise short sentences should be used in experimental reports, and the written expression should be concise, clear, appropriate and accurate, avoiding ambiguous and ambiguous expressions, using professional terms as far as possible, and not using self-made non-standardized simplified words or codes. Experiment report format 2
experiment name
should reflect the content of the experiment in the most concise language. If a program, law or algorithm is verified, it can be written as "verification ×××"; Analyze ××××.
students' names, student numbers, and collaborators
date and place of the experiment (year, month, day)
The purpose of the experiment
should be clear, verify theorems, formulas and algorithms in theory, and enable experimenters to gain a profound and systematic understanding, and in practice, master the skills and skills of using experimental equipment and the debugging methods of programs. Generally, it is necessary to explain whether it is a verification experiment or a design experiment, an innovative experiment or a comprehensive experiment.
experimental principles
the main principles related to experiments are described here.
experimental content
this is an extremely important content of the experimental report. To grasp the key points, we can consider it from both theoretical and practical aspects. This part should specify the principle, law algorithm, or operation method on which the experiment is based. Detailed theoretical calculation process.
experimental steps
write only the main operation steps, do not copy the practice instructions, and be concise. You should also draw the experimental flow chart (the structural schematic diagram of the experimental device) with corresponding text descriptions, which can not only save a lot of text descriptions, but also make the experimental report concise and clear.
experimental results
description of experimental phenomena and processing of experimental data. The original data should be attached to the experimental report of the main operators in this experiment, and the collaborators in the same group should copy the original data.
There are generally three ways to express the experimental results:
1. Text description: systematize and organize the original data according to the experimental purpose, objectively describe the experimental phenomena and results with accurate professional terms, and have a time sequence and the relationship between various indicators in time.
2. Charts: tables or coordinate charts are used to make the experimental results prominent, clear and easy to compare with each other, especially suitable for experiments with many groups and consistent observation indicators, so that the similarities and differences between groups can be seen at a glance. Each chart should have a list and a unit of measurement, and should explain certain central issues.
3. Curves
The curves recorded by recording instruments show that the changing trends of these indicators are vivid, intuitive and clear.
in the experimental report, you can choose one or more methods to get the best results.
Discussion
Explain and analyze the experimental results according to relevant theoretical knowledge. If the experimental results are consistent with the expected results, what theory can it verify? What is the significance of the experimental results? What's the problem? These are the experimental reports that should be discussed. However, we can't apply the known theory or life experience to the experimental results. Moreover, we should not choose or even modify the experimental results at will because the experimental results are inconsistent with the expected results or theories. At this time, we should analyze the possible reasons for its abnormality. If this experiment fails, we should find out the reasons for the failure and the matters needing attention in future experiments. Don't simply repeat the theory in the textbook and lack the content of your own active thinking.
In addition, you can also write some experiences from this experiment and put forward some questions or suggestions.
Conclusion
The conclusion is not a restatement of the specific experimental results, nor a prospect for future research, but a concise summary of the concepts, principles or theories that can be verified by this experiment, and a general and general judgment summarized from the experimental results, which should be concise, accurate, rigorous and objective.
Requirements for writing experimental report
1. The experimental report and the experimental preview report use the same experimental report paper, which can be completed by continuing to supplement the relevant contents on the basis of the preview report, without repeated work, so it is necessary to make the preview report standardized and comprehensive first.
2. according to the experimental requirements, when you go to the laboratory for experiments during the experimental time, you should record the experimental data while measuring. However, in order to make the report accurate and beautiful, the experimental measurement data should be recorded on the draft paper first. When sorting out the report, copy it to the experimental report paper to avoid filling in the data by mistake, causing modification and writing the report in a mess.
3. In the experiment, if the measured data is inconsistent with the calculated data in advance, or even the difference is too large, we should find out the reason at this time, whether it is the original calculation error or the problem in the measurement, so we can only call it an unfinished experiment.
4. The experimental report is not a simple recording paper of experimental data, but should have an analysis of the experimental situation. If the error is small (generally less than 5%), it can be considered as basically consistent. If the error is large, there should be error analysis to find out the reason.
5. There should be experimental conclusions of each item in the experimental report, and the conclusions should be made through the analysis of specific experimental contents and data (it is not possible to say that the so-and-so theorem has been verified in general).
6. Design and comprehensive experiments should draw the designed circuit diagram and mark the selected and determined circuit parameters. There should be a checking process and necessary design instructions.
7. If necessary, it is necessary to draw a curve, which should be marked with complete scales and units, and the curve proportion is appropriate and beautiful, and the curve should be explained and analyzed accordingly.
8. at the end of the report, you should complete the thinking questions required to be answered in the instruction book.
9. When the experimental report is handed in, it should have the preview and operation results given by the experimental instructor in the experiment, and be signed by the instructor, otherwise the report will be invalid. Format of experimental report 3
Course name:
Course code: College (directly affiliated department): Grade/major of School of Transportation and Automobile Engineering/ Class: student's last name: student number: total score of the experiment: teacher: starting school: experimental center of the School of Transportation and Automobile Engineering Name: experimental center of automobile transportation
starting school and laboratory: computer room of automobile college (5D-215) Experimental time: year, month and day
1. Experimental purpose
2. Experimental equipment, instruments and materials
3.