Question 1: How to read construction engineering drawings? What does the content inside mean? Buy a copy of "Civil Engineering Drawing", it is sold in many bookstores, including architectural bookstores! Just take a look at it for yourself. In fact, there are not many things. First, look at the plan, elevation, and cross-section drawings to figure out the relationship between the three, and cultivate your spatial imagination. After clarifying the general direction, you can then learn about Jianshi diagrams, You can quickly learn how to represent various parts in knot diagrams, drainage diagrams, and HVAC diagrams!
Question 2: How do you look at the template drawing in the architectural drawing? This should be a ground floor plan. The negative number for H in the picture should be a reflection of the lowering of the slab. It is difficult to determine the other things. It is best to come again. A more detailed drawing, preferably with stairs.
Question 3: How to read the construction drawings. The following is the reply from Baidu experts. I read it very well. Please share it with you.
1. Learn architectural drawing standards and specifications;
2. Go to the site and compare with the actual situation;
3. Download relevant materials from the Internet to study;
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How to understand architectural drawings
1. Understanding drawings
1. First look at the site layout plan to understand the project overview and the impact of surrounding buildings on the project.
2. Look at the construction organization to roughly understand the specific construction conditions of the project.
3. Look at the construction structure drawings and architectural drawings, and look at the two drawings together to understand the overall overview of the project.
4. Read the construction drawings in detail in conjunction with the structural construction atlas to view the practices, and the architectural construction drawings in conjunction with the construction practice atlas.
5. From the axial dimensions of the structural drawing, check whether the reinforcements such as shear walls, columns, beams, and slabs are in and out, and whether the structure matches the architectural drawing. Whether the in-situ elevations of beams, slabs, etc. are correct, whether the bathroom panels are marked in detail, whether the structural treatment of settlement joints is appropriate, whether the steps are detailed, and the details of various openings.
6. Check the architectural drawings to see whether the layout of each floor is reasonable, whether the layout of non-load-bearing walls and load-bearing walls is reasonable, whether the layout of beams, columns, etc. is beautiful, whether the location and size are consistent with the structural drawings, whether the various openings are Are there any omissions?
7. Whether the construction practices are reasonable, waterproof materials, coatings, ceramic tiles, etc.
2. Complete collection of architectural drawing symbols
In the architectural design drawing:
l means beam, ll means continuous beam, ql means ring beam, jl means foundation beam, tl means ladder beam, dl means ground beam, z means column, gz means structural column, kz means frame column. , m means door, c means window. @ represents the steel bar spacing and Φ represents the steel bar model.
Let’s talk about some experiences and share them with fellow bloggers.
1. Formal architectural design must have the signature of the designer, the signature of the person in charge of the architectural drawings, the signature of the appraiser, the signature of the proofreader, and must be stamped with a seal and a registered professional seal.
2. In architectural design drawings, the length is generally expressed in mm, unless otherwise stated; when looking at the drawings, pay attention to combining the "Description of Building Materials" with other drawings. In the "Description of Construction Materials", if there is a "√" in front of each item, it indicates the method adopted in the design. What is not checked is not the approach adopted in the design.
3. For example, in the architectural design drawing: "c20 reinforced concrete jl (240400) with 4φ16 network φ6@200 hoops." This is interpreted as: the foundation beam of a reinforced concrete structure with a strength of c, 240mm wide, It is 400mm high, equipped with 4 main steel bars with threads of 16cm in diameter, and a rectangular ring of steel bars with a diameter of 6cm every 200mm. (The rectangular ring is about 340--350mm long and 180mm--190mm wide).
4. For example, in the architectural design drawing: "C20 concrete small column (240240) with 4φ12 hoop] 6＠200." Among them, "]6＠200" is an irregular mark and should be "φ6 @200". Interpreted as: a small beam of reinforced concrete structure with a strength of c20, with a cross-section of 240mm long and 240mm wide, equipped with 4 main steel bars with 12mm diameter threads, and a rectangular network of 6cm diameter steel bars every 200mm apart. The height of the small column depends on the floor height marked on the project minus the height of the ring beam and then plus the thickness of the slab, because the ring beam and the slab are poured together.
5. As shown in the architectural design drawing: m5 cement mortar and mu10 shell ash sand bricks. "m5" represents the strength grade of cement mortar, and "mu10" represents the strength grade of shellfish sand bricks. mu10 represents the average compressive strength of shellfish sand bricks ≥10mpa.
6. ql means ring beam. The ring beam method is usually used in brick-concrete house building structures (hybrid structures), that is, the walls are built first, and then the ring beams and slabs are poured with reinforced concrete.
7. The method of frame structure is to pour the columns, beams, beams, slabs, etc. first. Wait until the formwork is removed before building the wall.
8. According to the requirements of quality supervision, the contractor can be required to provide certificates of steel bars (each batch), cement (each batch), mu10 shell lime sand bricks (each batch) Certificate of conformity, test certificate of cement concrete.
Key points for reviewing construction drawings:
Before starting the project, it is necessary to read and review the drawings, and then conduct a joint review of the drawings. If you have experience in understanding and reviewing drawings, and master some key points, you will get twice the result with half the effort. Now I would like to talk about my experience in understanding and reviewing pictures for reference.
The procedures for drawing recognition and review are: familiarize yourself with the functions of the proposed project, familiarize yourself with and review the plan dimensions of the project, become familiar with and review the facade dimensions of the project, and check whether there are errors in the error-prone parts of the construction drawings. Check for areas for improvement.
1. Be familiar with the functions of the proposed project
After getting the drawings, first understand what the function of the project is, whether it is a workshop or an office building...>>
Question 4: How to identify the southeast, northwest and northwest on building construction drawings? On the north arrow or wind rose of the general plan, the one marked N is north. Look at where the compass points, which is north, then go up, north, down, south, left, west, right, east!
Question 5: How to distinguish between civil construction and installation in the drawings. A complete set of construction drawings will have several volumes: construction facilities, construction facilities, water facilities, electrical facilities, facilities (heating, air conditioning), etc. , except for the construction and construction, which are civil works, the rest are installation contents.
In the division of projects in Appendix B of GB50300-2001 "Uniform Standards for Quality Acceptance of Second Construction Projects", foundations and foundations, main structures, building decorations, building roofs and other parts are civil construction contents, and other parts Building water supply, drainage and heating, building electrical, intelligent buildings, ventilation and air conditioning, elevators and other departments are all included in the installation.
Question 6: How to read the drawings? To find out the problems with the drawings, actually asking you to look at the drawings is nothing more than to see where the errors in the drawings are marked, and to correct the errors in the drawings. Being familiar with the drawings has certain benefits before starting work. Look at the drawings, calculate the engineering quantities, and so on. It’s all reflected in the drawings
Now it’s time to review the drawings
Review the Jianshi drawings
1. Check whether the sum of the sub-dimensions of the axis of each floor plan is equal to the total size, whether the axis dimensions at the same location on each floor are the same; check whether the room layout is convenient for use, and whether the lighting and ventilation conditions are good. If there are any problems, they should be raised with the designer.
2. Check whether the elevation and sub-dimensions on the elevation are calculated correctly; check whether the elevation is consistent with the plan; check whether the size and elevation of the detailed drawings are consistent with the plan and elevation.
3. Check whether the top elevation of the doors and windows is consistent with the bottom elevation of the beams above them. If they are different, you can adjust the height of the doors and windows, adjust the height of the upper beams, or install additional lintels on the doors and windows.
4. Check whether the horizontal size and elevation of the stair treads are correct, check whether the vertical clearance size under the ladder beam is greater than 2.lm, and whether there is a collision phenomenon. When the headroom is only 2m, it is recommended to change the ladder beam to a wide flat beam or to make a folding ladder to increase the headroom and reduce the feeling of oppression caused by too low a ladder beam.
5. Check whether the slope of the concrete top surface of the parapet wall is facing inward. If the parapet of the terrace is connected to the exterior window, check whether the height of the parapet is higher than the window sill. If so, the connection is not beautiful enough and should be submitted to design processing.
6. Check whether the color separation lines of the exterior wall decoration are connected. If not, whether they are closed at the inner corner. When there is no obvious dividing line between the exterior wall and the interior wall, you should propose where the exterior wall decoration extends to the interior wall to close the most beautiful place. Check whether the top and bottom surfaces of the protruding parts of the exterior wall are decorated in the same way as the exterior wall.
Review the construction drawings
1. Check whether the sum of the dimensions of the structural plan drawings of each layer is equal to the total size; check the axes and dimensions of the construction drawings and construction drawings at the same position , shape, and elevation; check whether there are beams under the brick wall on the building plane and the structure diagram. If there are no beams, whether steel bars should be placed at the bottom of the structural plate for reinforcement. Check whether the beam height meets the door and window opening size requirements on the Jianshi drawing.
2. Mark the cross-sectional dimensions of beams and columns on the structural plane of each floor, and check whether there are beams on the plan but not marked on the beam table; check whether the height of the secondary beam is greater than The height of the main beam; check whether there are large differences in reinforcement between beams, plates, and columns when the spans are the same or similar. If so, the design should be submitted for re-inspection to avoid structural quality accidents caused by errors in design drawings.
3. When the beams and shear walls are arranged in the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall. If it does, ask whether the beam should be strengthened at the wall position. When the beam is the same width as the shear wall, the external stress-bearing bars of the beam are vertical steel bars that avoid the wall. Should they be bent inward?
4. When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column edge respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel to or coincident with the axis, and check whether the beam width protrudes outside the wall or column. If so, the design should be submitted deal with.
5. When the column cross-section size gradually decreases with the increase of the floor, if the column protrudes from the outer wall and becomes a facade decorative line, in order to make the line have the same width up and down, it is recommended to adjust the protruding part of the column. The cross-section is not reduced.
6. When the columns are arranged at the corners of the brick wall on the building plane (the angle is less than 90 degrees), if the structural design still uses square columns, it should be recommended to change to polygonal columns according to the building plane to avoid the column The corners protrude outside the wall, affecting use and appearance. Check the column table to see if the inner hoops of the columns correspond to the vertical reinforcement of the columns.
7. On the structural plane, there is often a situation where the adjacent spans of continuous frame beams are very different. When the negative bending moment bars of the middle support are anchored separately, the steel bars at the beam-column joints will be too dense, making it difficult to ram concrete. It is recommended to design: the negative reinforcements that can be connected should be connected as much as possible, and those that cannot be connected due to different beam widths should be anchored separately. When the negative reinforcement of the support is the full length, the steel bars on the beam surface with a smaller span beam width will be too dense and cannot be tamped with concrete. It is recommended that on the premise of ensuring the negative reinforcement of the beam, try to keep the beam width of each span consistent, as long as Adjust the beam height to facilitate gluten connection and pouring of concrete.
8. When a terrace appears on the middle floor, check whether the terrace elevation is lower than the indoor level. If the elevation is the same, it is recommended to make the terrace 5cm lower than the indoor ground to prevent rainwater from flowing indoors. After the elevation of the terrace is lowered, if there is a beam in the middle of the terrace and this beam is connected to the indoor beam, whether the beam's stress reinforcement is bent or separated and anchored at the lowered position should be submitted to the design for treatment.
9. Check whether there is an awning on the door to the indoor terrace... >>
Question 7: How to read the architectural drawings of a building and want to construct it? Start by looking at the floor plan of a building. From the floor plan, you can understand the floor plan of the building, its functions, orientation, bay size, size and position of doors and windows, wall thickness, material specifications of wall blocks, etc. Then, from the elevation, Understand the floor height, floor height, facade decoration, etc. of the building, and combine the node diagrams and section diagrams to understand the detailed construction methods. In short, the horizontal, vertical, and node details must be combined to understand the construction drawings of a building. , the basic legends need to be understood. For details, please refer to relevant architectural drawing books.
Question 8: How do you understand the construction drawings? First, refer to the atlas to understand the drawings. At least understand what the structure and components are, and think about what the model looks like in your mind. Go back and go to the scene to observe which areas are different from what you imagined. These are accumulated slowly. Secondly, there will be a construction organization design before every project construction. If you don’t know how to do it, just look it up. Of course, many organization designs are now set, but most of them are still combined with actual contact. You can refer to it and observe it. It’s okay. Let’s chat more with the masters, accumulate experience, and master construction skills flexibly...
Question 9: How to read the wooden plank drawings of construction projects. There are no separate construction carpentry drawings in the architectural design drawings (construction drawings). It is still necessary to install the building wood formwork according to the construction drawings and construction drawings of the building. Building carpentry is mainly the support of the wood formwork during the construction process. You should know the construction sequence of the building, but don’t be afraid. There are construction workers on site. If you don’t understand something, you can discuss it with him directly. Of course, it is best to be proficient in reading architectural drawings! I am sending you some information from the attachment. I hope it will be helpful to you!
Question 10: How to quickly learn to read construction drawings? (1)
1. First look at the site layout plan to understand the project overview and the impact of surrounding buildings on the project.
2. Look at the construction organization to roughly understand the specific construction conditions of the project.
3. Look at the construction structure drawings and architectural drawings, and look at the two drawings together to understand the overall overview of the project.
4. Read the construction drawings in detail in conjunction with the structural construction atlas to view the practices, and the architectural construction drawings in conjunction with the construction practice atlas.
5. From the axial dimensions of the structural drawing, check whether the reinforcements such as shear walls, columns, beams, and slabs have front and rear entrances and exits, and whether the structure matches the architectural drawing. Whether the in-situ elevations of beams, slabs, etc. are correct, whether the bathroom panels are marked in detail, whether the structural treatment of settlement joints is appropriate, whether the steps are detailed, and the details of various openings.
6. Check the architectural drawings to see whether the layout of each floor is reasonable, whether the layout of non-load-bearing walls and load-bearing walls is reasonable, whether the layout of beams, columns, etc. is beautiful, whether the location and size are consistent with the structural drawings, and whether the various openings are consistent. Are there any omissions?
7. Whether the construction methods are reasonable, waterproof materials, coatings, ceramic tiles, etc.
(2) Complete collection of architectural drawing symbols
In architectural design drawings, l means Beam, ll means continuous beam, ql means ring beam, jl means foundation beam, tl means ladder beam, dl means ground beam, z means column, gz means structural column, kz means frame column, m means door, c means window. @ represents the spacing of steel bars, Φ represents the steel bar model,
2. In architectural design drawings, the length is generally in mm, unless otherwise specified; when looking at the drawings, pay attention to combining the "Construction Materials Description" with other drawings Comprehensive. In the "Description of Construction Materials", if there is a "√" in front of each item, it indicates the method adopted in the design. What is not checked is not the approach adopted in the design.
3. For example, in the architectural design drawing: "c20 reinforced concrete jl (240400) with 4φ16 network φ6@200 hoops." This is interpreted as: the foundation beam of a reinforced concrete structure with a strength of c, 240mm wide, It is 400mm high, equipped with 4 main steel bars with threads of 16cm in diameter, and a rectangular ring of steel bars with a diameter of 6cm every 200mm. (The rectangular ring is about 340--350 mm long and 180mm--190mm wide).
4. For example, in the architectural design drawing: "C20 concrete small column (240240) with 4φ12 hoop] 6＠200." Among them, "]6＠200" is an irregular mark and should be "φ6 @200". Interpreted as: a small beam of reinforced concrete structure with a strength of c20, with a cross-section of 240mm long and 240mm wide, equipped with 4 main steel bars with 12mm diameter threads, and a rectangular network of 6cm diameter steel bars every 200mm apart. The height of the small column depends on the floor height marked on the project minus the height of the ring beam and then plus the thickness of the slab, because the ring beam and the slab are poured together.
5. As shown in the architectural design drawing: m5 cement mortar and mu10 shell ash sand bricks. "m5" represents the strength grade of cement mortar, and "mu10" represents the strength grade of shellfish sand bricks. mu10 represents the average compressive strength of shellfish sand bricks ≥10mpa.
6. ql means ring beam. The ring beam method is usually used in brick-concrete house building structures (hybrid structures), that is, the walls are built first, and then the ring beams and slabs are poured with reinforced concrete.
7. The method of frame structure is to pour the columns, beams, beams, slabs, etc. first. Wait until the formwork is removed before building the wall.
8. According to the requirements of quality supervision, the contractor can be required to provide certificates of steel bars (each batch), cement (each batch), mu10 shell lime sand bricks (each batch) Certificate of conformity, test certificate of cement concrete.
How to understand the key points of construction drawing review
Before starting the project, it is necessary to understand the drawings, review the drawings, and then conduct joint review of the drawings. If you have experience in understanding and reviewing drawings, and master some key points, you will get twice the result with half the effort. Now I would like to talk about my experience in understanding and reviewing pictures for reference.
The procedures for drawing recognition and review are: familiarize yourself with the functions of the proposed project, familiarize yourself with and review the plan dimensions of the project, become familiar with and review the facade dimensions of the project, and check whether there are errors in the error-prone parts of the construction drawings. Check for areas for improvement.
1. Be familiar with the functions of the proposed project
After getting the drawings, first understand what the function of the project is, is it a workshop or an office building? Is it a shopping mall or a dormitory? After understanding the functions, think about some basic dimensions and decorations. For example, the floor of the toilet is usually covered with floor tiles and block wall skirts. The floor elevation of the toilet and balcony floor is usually a few centimeters lower. The size of the workshop must meet the needs of production, especially the equipment. Installation needs etc. Finally, read the construction instructions and become familiar with the project decoration situation.
2. Familiar with and review the plan dimensions of the project
Build...>>