Calligraphy and painting seals are mainly divided into three categories: one is the author's own seal. Second, the signer's seal. Third, the seals of collectors and connoisseurs. These seals are divided into three aspects: first, the name, font size, hall number and hall number seal; Second, write at will, seal auspicious words and aphorisms. Third, collect and appreciate seals. ?

Name and font seal: generally stamped under or around the author's name. Zhai Guan and Tang Hao usually affix their seals around or below the words, which are also used to say hello, and cover them in the upper right corner. The seals of articles, auspicious words and aphorisms are generally covered in the lower left corner of calligraphy and painting as chess pieces and greetings.

Collecting and appreciating stamps are generally covered on the left and right corners of calligraphy and painting, or they do not hinder the blank space of calligraphy and painting works themselves, and can also be covered on mounting other than calligraphy and painting. The most conspicuous position of calligraphy and painting also has a cover to show authority, such as Qianlong and Jiaqing Emperor. ?

Appreciation of calligraphy and painting is mainly observed from the aspects of style, pen and ink, color, composition, composition, painting, seal, paper, mounting and inscription. The main aspects are calligraphy and painting itself, calligraphy and seals. ?

Extended data

The seals of famous calligraphy and painting works should also have a certain artistic level. If the seal is poor, there is the possibility of forgery. The artistic level of seal is mainly different from calligraphy, composition and knife, especially the use of words can not be wrong. It is impossible for a famous painter to write and use typos often. ?

The identification of seals depends on the color of inkpad. Although the color of an ancient painting seal may be bright, it will become vigorous and calm with the passage of time and vicissitudes. Inpad is made of cinnabar. The color of cinnabar is stable, but the long-term imprint will also change, although the change is small. The performance of gold is stable, but the new gold will still be different from the gold handed down for many years. Therefore, the color of seals on ancient paintings and calligraphy can't be the same as that on modern works. ?

There are also some seals painted in ancient books, and there are no marks on the original works for reference. This should be analyzed from the level of seal cutting, whether it conforms to the style of calligraphy and painting times, and also from the old and new degree and content of seals. If there are no problems in these aspects, we should make a comprehensive evaluation from all aspects except the seal and finally draw a conclusion. ?

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