The title of the proposal report is a high-level summary of the central idea of ??the graduation thesis. I have compiled some sample mechanical design proposal reports for you. I hope it will be useful to you!
Mechanical design proposal report sample 1
Thesis title: Left joint forging process analysis and mold design
1. The significance of the topic:
1. Theoretical significance: (1) Learn the principles of mold design General methods, understand and master the overall design of commonly used molds, the design process and calculation methods of parts, and cultivate correct design ideas and the ability to analyze and solve problems, especially the overall design and calculation capabilities.
(2) Comprehensively use the theoretical and production practice knowledge from the hot forging die course and other elective courses to analyze and solve mold design problems, and further consolidate and deepen the professional knowledge learned.
(3 ) Through calculation and drawing, learn to use standards, specifications, manuals, atlases and consult relevant technical information, etc., to develop basic skills in mold design
(4) Can master the forging process and be familiar with various forging methods Forging equipment, be familiar with computer operation and understand the application of DEFORM software, and have comprehensive knowledge of mechanical design and manufacturing.
2. Practical significance: With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the rapid development of industrial production, Many new technologies, new processes, new equipment, and new materials are constantly emerging to further improve the performance indicators of forgings; at the same time, they shorten the production cycle and reduce costs, giving them an advantageous position in the competition.
Forging is A method of processing metal mechanical parts or part blanks under impact with the help of tools or molds. The biggest advantages of forgings are high toughness, reasonable fiber structure, and small performance changes between parts; the internal quality of forgings is related to the processing history and does not matter. It will be surpassed by any kind of metal processing technology.
The advantage of forging is that the metal material eliminates internal defects after plastic deformation, such as forging (welding) holes, compaction and looseness, and broken carbides. , non-metallic inclusions are distributed along the deformation direction, improve or eliminate component segregation, etc., and obtain uniform and fine low-magnification and high-magnification structures. However, the forgings obtained by the casting process can obtain more accurate dimensions and are more compact than forgings. Complex shapes, but it is difficult to eliminate defects such as porosity, voids, component segregation, and non-metallic inclusions; parts obtained by mechanical processing methods have high dimensional accuracy and smooth surfaces, but the internal streamlines of the metal are often cut off, which can easily cause stress corrosion and load-bearing problems. The ability to tension and compress alternating stress is poor.
In recent years, China's trains have continued to speed up, and high-speed trains and high-speed rail have been put into operation. This also represents the future development direction, which requires us to ensure the safety of train guide rails. Safe and reliable operation. In order to ensure the smooth operation of high-speed trains and the comfort of passengers, the smoothness of high-speed railways is a very important indicator. Foreign high-speed railways use long-length rails with high cross-sectional dimensional tolerance and straightness requirements and weld them into Ultra-long seamless lines. Joints play a vital role as key components for connecting guide rails.
The modernization of mold manufacturing technology is the basis for the development of the mold industry. Forging equipment with good performance is an important factor in improving forging production technology. The basic conditions for high-precision, high-life, and high-efficiency forging dies require high-precision and highly automated forging equipment. In order to meet the needs of large-volume and high-speed production, the current forging equipment also consists of single-station, single-function, low-speed Presses are developing in the direction of multi-station, multi-function, high-speed and numerical control. Coupled with the extensive use of manipulators and even robots, forging production efficiency has been greatly improved. Various forging automatic lines and high-speed automatic presses have been put into use. .
2. Key issues and difficulties of the subject
This subject focuses on determining the number of forging processes and preforming design. It compares the forming processes of preforms with different shapes and gives a reasonable The layout and design of the billet making process achieved one-fire forging. At the same time, a closed flash closed forging pre-forging process was developed to improve material utilization. Finally, a three-dimensional finite element simulation was performed on the forging process.
Tests and trial production were conducted on a 40MN hot die forging press. The simulation and test results proved that the forging design meets the production requirements. The forging has a complex shape and very uneven material distribution, making the forging process arrangement and die design more difficult.
The difficulty of this project is to use three-dimensional drawing software and deform software to conduct stress and strain analysis, standardize the initial data through the software and repeatedly modify it until the optimal design solution is obtained.
3. Research report (or literature review)
Our country’s economic system has undergone fundamental changes, from the past planned economy to the current market economy. Although forging production has high production efficiency, it saves raw materials and mechanical processing However, the production cycle is long, the cost is high, and it is in a disadvantageous competitive position. Casting, welding, and mechanical processing have joined the competition. To keep up with the development of contemporary science and technology, forging production needs to continuously improve technology and adopt new processes and new technologies. technology to further improve the performance indicators of forgings; at the same time, it is necessary to shorten the production cycle and reduce costs to give it an advantageous position in the competition. The technical level of molds has obviously improved, and the performance of some domestic high-quality molds has been close to the advanced level of similar foreign products. , but due to the late start of our country, many molds have to rely on imports, and the gap is still very large compared with developed countries.
The development of contemporary science and technology has a significant impact on the improvement and development of forging technology itself. This Mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1. The performance requirements for mechanical parts are higher. The speed of modern transportation such as cars, airplanes, and locomotives is getting higher and higher, and the load is getting bigger and bigger. It needs to be replaced. In addition to materials with higher strength, research and development of new forging technologies is also a way out.
2. Mold calculation-aided design, manufacturing and analysis (CAD/CAM/CAE) Research and application will greatly improve mold manufacturing efficiency, improve mold quality, and integrate mold design and manufacturing technology.
3. Standardization, commercialization, mechanization and specialized automatic production of molds.
p>
4. Modernization of process analysis and calculation. It will be combined with modern mathematics and computer technology to conduct computer simulation and finite element analysis of processed parts to predict the possibility of a certain process solution on the forming of parts and the process during the forming process. Problems that may occur are available for designers to modify and choose.
The problems currently faced by the forging industry can be summarized into the following aspects:
1. The equipment level is low, and the main problems are: The performance is that the equipment is aging and the accuracy is low.
2. The management system needs to be straightened out, there are too many production plants, and the power is scattered.
3. The machinery manufacturer operates a closed operation. The reason is that the products lack competitiveness.
4. There is little investment in scientific research and slow acceptance of new technologies and new processes. As a result, both scientific research and production are carried out, and no one solves the problems of manufacturers.
IV. References
1 Editor-in-Chief Yao Zekun. Forging Technology and Mold Design Northwestern Polytechnical University Press 2008.6
2 Lu Bingheng. Basics of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press , 1999.8
3 Wang Xiankui. Mechanical Manufacturing Technology. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 2002
4 Wu Zongze Mechanical Parts Design Manual. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 2004.4
5 Zheng Jiaxiang and Liu Yongtian. Drawing geometry and mechanical drawing. Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Press, 2002.8
6 Forging Manual (Equipment) Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 2002
7 Forging Die Design Manual Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 1991
5. Research content and steps to determine the plan
1. Research content:
(1 ) Overall mold design, including process analysis of parts,
Design and draw forging drawings, determination of mold type, determination of deformation steps and intermediate blank size, pressure center calculation, press selection, calculation of raw blank size, etc.;
(2) Mold assembly drawing and Design of the main parts of the mold;
(3) Writing a design graduation thesis
2. Basic design plan
This part is a large forging. First, according to the relevant dimensions To determine the forging steps, by calculating the relevant values ????of /r and H/d, the basic steps are designed as follows:
1. Calculate the blank size
2. Select the forming equipment and its parameters
3. Use DEFORM simulation software to conduct finite element simulation and analyze defects and make improvements
4. Calculation of the dimensions of the working part of the mold
5. Overall mold Design
6. Cutting
7. Heating
8. Bending
9. Pre-forging
10. Final forging
11. Trimming
6. Progress arrangement
Graduation internship in weeks 5-6, writing internship report
In weeks 7-8, write a literature review of no less than 3,000 words; propose your own feasible plan based on references and project requirements;
In weeks 9-10, write a proposal report and propose a topic; Carry out overall design
Translate foreign documents and complete detailed plan design in weeks 11-12; Complete structural optimization design in weeks 13-14
Weeks 15-16 Weekly draw drawings, outline thesis writing, and write design calculation instructions
Week 17, organize design materials, conduct graduation defense
Mechanical design proposal report sample 2
Title: A brief discussion on the design of box lid injection molds
Major: Mechanical design, manufacturing and automation
Class: xxx
Name: yjbys
Student ID: xxx
Instructor: Huang xx
1. The purpose and significance of the topic
Compared with metal, plastic has a lower density , but has relatively high strength, excellent insulation properties, and very good resistance to chemical corrosion. In the fields of machinery, chemical industry, automobiles, aerospace, etc., plastics have replaced metals on a large scale. At present, plastic parts are almost everywhere in various fields of industry and daily life. Therefore, mastering the skill of mold design is extremely important for us who will engage in related industries in the future. During the production process of this project, we also practiced the skills of using CAD, CAE drawing software such as UG and AUTOCAD. This enables us to obtain comprehensive training in plastic part structural design, plastic molding process analysis, plastic mold digital design, plastic mold parts material selection, heat treatment, plastic mold parts manufacturing, as well as data retrieval, English translation, etc., laying the foundation for the future work adaptation period. A solid foundation.
2. Research status and development trends of my country’s mold industry
Since the 1980s, under the support and guidance of national industrial policies and a series of supporting national economic policies, my country’s The mold industry has developed rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 13. In 1999, the output value of my country's mold industry was 24.5 billion yuan. By 2002, the total output value of my country's mold industry was approximately 36 billion yuan, of which about 30% were plastic molds. In the future mold market, the proportion of plastic molds in the total mold volume will gradually increase.
After more than half a century, my country's plastic mold industry has developed greatly from its inception to the present, and the level of molds has been greatly improved.
In terms of molding technology, great progress has also been made in the innovation of multi-material plastic molding molds, high-efficiency multi-color injection molds, insert interchangeable structures and core-pulling demoulding mechanisms.
In terms of manufacturing technology, the application level of CAD/CAM/CAE technology has reached a new level. Enterprises that produce household appliances, as representatives, have successively introduced a considerable number of CAD/CAM systems, such as the American EDS UGⅡ, Pro/Emgineer of American Parametric Technology Company, CADS5 of American CV Company, DOCT5 of British Deltacam Company, CRADE of Japanese HZS Company, Cimatron of Israeli Company, C-Mold of American AC-Tech Company and MPA Plastics of Australian Moldflow Company Model analysis software, etc. Although the introduction of these systems and software cost a lot of money, it has achieved certain technical and economic benefits in my country's mold industry by realizing the integration of CAD/CAM and supporting CAE technology in the molding process, promoting and promoting the development of my country's mold industry. The development of mold CAD/CAM technology.
At present, the domestic market has a huge demand for mid-to-high-end molds, but domestic molds must meet user needs in terms of quality and delivery time. In addition, with the increase in labor costs in industrialized countries in recent years, their mold production is moving to developing countries, especially Southeast Asian countries. Therefore, as long as the quality of domestic molds can be improved and the delivery time can be guaranteed, the prospects for mold exports are very optimistic.
In the future, my country's molds will present ten major development trends: First, molds will become increasingly large. Second, the precision of molds is getting higher and higher. Third, multi-functional composite molds will be further developed. In addition to stamping and forming parts, the new multi-functional composite mold is also responsible for assembly tasks such as lamination, tapping, riveting and locking, and the performance requirements for steel are also getting higher and higher. Fourth, the proportion of hot runner molds in plastic molds is gradually increasing. Fifth, with the continuous improvement and development of plastic molding technology, gas-assisted molds and molds adapted to high-pressure injection molding and other processes will develop accordingly. Sixth, the application of standard parts will become increasingly widespread. Seventh, the prospect of rapid economic mold is very broad. Eighth, as products such as vehicles and motors develop toward lightweighting, the proportion of die-casting molds will continue to increase. At the same time, higher and higher requirements will be placed on the lifespan and complexity of die-casting molds. 9. As a result, the process of replacing steel and wood with plastic is further accelerated, and the proportion of plastic molds will continue to increase. 10. The technological content of molds will continue to increase, and the proportion of medium and high-end molds will continue to increase. This is also a change in the mold market trend caused by product structure adjustment.
3. Key issues and difficulties of the subject
1. Clarify the design requirements for plastic parts
Carefully read the parts drawing of the plastic product, and check the plastic type of the product and the plastic parts. The feasibility and economy of the injection molding process should be considered in terms of part shape, dimensional accuracy, surface roughness and other aspects. If necessary, the material type and structural modification of the plastic part should be discussed with the product designer.
2. Use UG and CAD software to complete the mold design.
The parting surface should be selected at the maximum contour of the plastic part. Meet the appearance quality requirements of plastic parts: During injection molding, the parting surface will inevitably leave traces of overflow or seams on the plastic part. Therefore, it is best not to choose the parting surface on the bright outer surface of the plastic part or with rounded edges. The corner of the arc. Partitioning is the most important part.
3. Mold structure design
1). Plastic part molding position and parting surface selection;
2). Determination of the number of mold cavities, type The arrangement of the cavities, the layout of the flow channels and the setting of the gate position;
3). Structural design of the mold working parts;
4). Design of the ejection mechanism;
5). Selection of the form of the pull rod;
6). Design of the exhaust method.
4. Determine the overall size of the mold and purchase the mold base
The mold base has gradually been standardized. According to the mold base album provided by the manufacturer, the selected mold base is in the above mold zero Based on the component design, a complete structural diagram of the mold is initially drawn.
5. Drawing of mold structure general assembly drawings and parts working drawings
The drawing of mold general drawings must comply with the national standards for mechanical drawing, and its drawing method is in principle no different from the general mechanical drawing method. , just to more clearly express the shape of the molded product in the mold and the setting of the gate position, in the top view of the mold general drawing, the fixed mold can be removed and only the top view of the movable mold part is drawn.
The mold assembly drawing should include necessary dimensions, such as mold closing dimensions, overall dimensions, characteristic dimensions (positioning ring dimensions that match the injection molding machine), assembly dimensions, limit dimensions (moving starting and ending points of movable parts) and technology conditions, writing parts details, etc.
Usually, the main working parts have a long processing cycle and high processing precision, so they should be carefully drawn first, and the remaining parts should be standard parts as much as possible.
IV. Project Research Process Planning
1. Design of the three-dimensional model of the support: According to the size of the box cover parts, design its three-dimensional model and analyze the specific characteristics of the model. Determine the basic structure of the injection mold.
2. Design of parting surface: Remove the mold according to the structure of the lid parts, and design the parting surface of the core, mold and fixed mold.
3. Create plastic mold components: generate molding parts such as cores, movable molds, and fixed molds.
4. Mold filling and opening simulation: through filling simulation, check whether the plastic parts with single entity characteristics injected by the mold meet the design requirements; through opening simulation, check whether the mold opening is It can proceed smoothly and whether interference occurs during mold opening, thereby determining the rationality of the mold design.
5. References:
1. Co-edited by Zhang Wei, Practical Tutorial on Injection Mold Design [M], Chemical Industry Press, 2007.9
2. Chief editor-in-chief, Qu Huachang , Plastic molding technology and mold design [M], Machinery Industry Press, 2000.4
3. Qu Huachang. Plastic molding technology and mold design. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 1996, 1-3
4. Liu Jize. Plastic product interior and mold design proposal. Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2001, 4
5. Li Dequn. Overview of the development of foreign injection mold CAD/CAM/CAE. Mold industry , 1994, (9): 47-53
6. Liu Yuejun, Zhai Jinping. Process control of polymer injection molding [[J]. Engineering Plastics Applications, 2001, 29(9): 41-42
7. Yi Xiaosu. Preparation and processing of polymer materials. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 1997, 4-8
8. Xing Haitao. Quality Mold Shencheng Exhibition style and high-level equipment gathered in Shanghai [[J]. Mechanical workers/cold processing, 2002, (4): 1
6. Opinions of the instructor
Signature of the instructor:
Mechanical Design Proposal Report Sample 3
School (Department) Name: Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
Major Name: Mechatronics
Grade: 09 Class 3 of Mechanical and Electrical
Student name: Xia**
Student ID: ******
Instructor’s name: Yuan**
Design title: PLC schematic and ladder diagram design of elevator control system
Domestic and foreign research trends and significance of elevators
From 1887, the American Otis Company manufactured the world The first elevator in China appeared in Shanghai. The elevator industry developed rapidly in China. From then on, elevators became an indispensable vertical component in high-rise buildings such as high-rise hotels, shops, residences, multi-story factories and warehouses. of transportation. With the development of society, the scale of buildings is getting larger and larger, and there are more and more floors, which also puts forward higher requirements for elevators.
With the advancement of technology, elevators have become safer and more comfortable. However, people's pursuit has not stopped here, and research and improvement are still ongoing. Since the 21st century, the world has begun to emphasize "green", green peace, green nature, and green harmony. Elevators are mechanical and electrical equipment that carry people. To achieve greenness, we emphasize that elevators can serve human production and life more comfortably and safely, and we emphasize the coordination and harmony between elevators and the environment.
The current sense of "green" generally emphasizes the "natural" side and emphasizes coordination and harmony with the environment. Elevators are purely industrial products, and their naturalness should be reflected in the smallest possible impact on the environment, coordination and balance with the environment, and the humanity of the elevator itself. This should also be the development direction of green elevators.
(1) Intelligent. The intelligent elevator we are talking about is beyond the capabilities of traditional artificial intelligence. Traditional intelligent control is a kind of technical advance arrangement. In the final analysis, it is a kind of program control and a periodic automatic control of the system. In fact, it is not considered intelligent. A real smart elevator should be more humane. It not only has all the advantages of traditional artificial intelligence, but also has things that traditional artificial intelligence cannot match. It has the ability to handle various problems with thoughts and randomly, such as being able to move according to the car's movements. The situation in the car and the waiting information on each floor can automatically formulate the optimal movement speed and parking policy for each time; automatically select the movement aspect; two-way voice communication; voice prompts for arriving at the destination floor, etc., allowing passengers to have more initiative sex, enabling real human-machine dialogue in building transportation. Intelligence requires the elevator to have an automatic safety detection function, so that the elevator itself can detect the fault of the elevator and alarm in time to eliminate it.
(2)Safety. Operation safety is the foundation and key of elevators. It can be said that all other tasks of the elevator are centered on this, making the safe operation of the elevator more secure. Operation safety not only requires the elimination of strong electromagnetic radiation when the elevator starts, the use of safe materials and stable operation, but also a good visual effect, so that every passenger has a safe, comfortable and good mood in the spacious and bright car. At the same time, the safety of elevator operation also requires that when the elevator fails during operation, it should not only make it easy for passengers to communicate with the outside world, but also the elevator itself should be able to automatically play music that makes passengers feel relaxed and completely eliminate the tension and anxiety. When children and the elderly ride, the elevator should treat them like family members, which not only makes the elderly and children feel convenient and comfortable, but also makes their families feel at ease. Elevator operation safety also requires the elevator to have an automatic sleep function, so that the elevator can sleep to the maximum extent while ensuring the highest operating efficiency.
(3) Coordination and balance with the environment, including the following aspects:
①Visual coordination. Someone has done research on whether environmental colors have an impact on people. The research development: Visually inconsistent environmental colors have a great impact on people's emotions and spirit. With pleasant colors, elegant style and well-made elevators, passengers will naturally have a sense of safety and visual comfort. The materials are cheap, the styles are old, the colors are dull, and even the elevators are shabby. It is impossible to coordinate the visual coordination of passengers. The first feeling of taking the elevator is that it is unsafe. Many domestic elevator companies do not pay enough attention to this. Even many elevators that have been domestically produced through the introduction of foreign technology show a native appearance.
② Eliminate electromagnetic radiation. As mentioned before, since the elevator is a large-capacity electrical appliance that frequently starts and stops in the building and is the culprit of electromagnetic interference, the green elevator must be a building electromechanical equipment that minimizes its own electromagnetic interference to the building and is not affected by other electromagnetic interference. . This not only ensures the physical and mental health of passengers, but also ensures the normal operation of office automation, building automation, and communication automation in buildings and buildings within buildings.
③Comfort. By using a high carrier frequency wave vector silent inverter, the noise conversion frequency and voltage can be reduced. The CPU controls the continuous conversion of voltage and frequency, and uses the ideal operating curve optimized and designed by the computer according to the human body's physiological adaptation requirements to achieve more stable and comfortable operation.
The measurement of modern elevator performance mainly focuses on reliability, safety and ride comfort. In addition, there are corresponding requirements in terms of economy, energy consumption, noise level and electromagnetic interference level. With the development of the times, I believe that the elevator industry will become more and more relevant to life.
The main content of the research and the problems solved
At present, there are three main elevator control methods: relay control, PLC control and microcomputer control. PLC is actually a special-purpose computer. It uses a patrol scanning method to handle various tasks in a time-sharing manner, and relies on program operation. This ensures that only the correct program can run, otherwise the elevator will not work; and because of the internal Auxiliary relays and holding relays are actually PLC system memory working units, which have no coils and no contacts. The number of times they can be used is unlimited and they are contactless operations. Therefore, they have obvious advantages over relay control and have a longer operating life. longer, the work is more reliable and safer, and the level of automation is higher. PLC control is the most reliable, practical and flexible control method among the three control methods. It is more suitable for the technical transformation of elevators and the upgrading of control systems. It is an ideal new control technology in elevator control systems.
Elevator control is relatively complex. The use of programmable controllers provides a broad space for elevator control. With the continuous development of PLC application technology, its size will be greatly reduced and its functions will be greatly reduced. With continuous improvement, the process control is more stable and reliable, the anti-interference performance is enhanced, mechanical and electrical components are organically combined in one device, and the functions of instruments, electronics and computers are integrated.
It has become a key technology in elevator operation. Therefore, studying plc technology has more strategic significance.
PLC research content and measures
For elevator control, relay-contact systems or programmable controllers can be used, but both have their own characteristics:
p>
a: Relay-contact system: Its advantage is that the circuit is intuitive, most of the electrical appliances are commonly used electrical appliances, easy to replace, and the price is relatively cheap. However, it has many contacts, complex circuits, slow movement of the electromagnetic mechanism and contacts of the appliance, high energy consumption, loud mechanical movement noise, and poor reliability.
b: PLC has taken many anti-interference measures in its design and manufacturing, making it easy to use and expand. It uses ladder diagrams and programmable instructions, making it easy to master. In short, it has become a big trend for PLC to replace relay-contact systems.
Based on the above reasons, I chose to use a programmable controller to control the elevator.
Design content and requirements:
Overview:
With the development of the times and the continuous improvement of industrial automation, the PLC industry has occupied a large share of the industrial market. A large territory. In this design, I will use PLC to control the elevator. This includes the design of PLC hardware, software design, stagnation circuit design, control cabinet design, as well as the selection of elevators and other equipment, as well as principle analysis, etc. I believe that after this design, I will have a preliminary understanding of the actual operation of the elevator.
Control requirements:
1. Control requirements for the elevator car:
a: Direction selection: According to the order and order of the external call signals in each elevator floor The floor position of the car when it stops determines the running direction of the elevator.
b: Floor selection and speed change: It means that the elevator can determine the running direction according to the selected floor in the car, and adhere to the principle of either always upward or always downward. And the speed can be changed every time when leveling.
c: Floor location indication: the digital tube display method is used. Since the FX2N series has an internal counting-decoding driver module, the floor can be displayed as long as an external LED seven-segment display tube and power supply are added.
2. Elevator door control requirements:
It is required that when the elevator is leveling, the elevator door automatically opens and the elevator door automatically closes after 10 seconds. If someone is in the middle of the door, the elevator will automatically open the door due to the photoelectric switch.
3. Supplementary requirements:
In addition to the above two requirements, one thing to note is the use of backup elevator motors. Once the traction motor fails, the backup motor will be manually The control is transferred to the running state to avoid unnecessary trouble caused by traction motor failure.