(1) The construction organization measures of the business line are not perfect. The business line construction scheme compiled by some construction units is not perfect, and the safety technical organization measures are not strict or not formulated. The on-site security cadres in charge of construction safety have poor sense of responsibility, can't supervise on duty on time, and lack targeted preventive measures for key links of construction safety.
(2) Overexcavation and unloading during slow construction. Some construction units hollowed out all the pillow boxes and ballast during the slow train operation, and removed the rail fasteners beyond the regulations. There have been many problems that endanger driving safety.
(3) After the construction, the train release conditions were not strictly controlled. Check the 38 1km-383km maintenance site of the downstream line of Longhai. Due to the failure of construction machinery, 232 sleeper boxes and ballast were all hollowed out and not backfilled in time, of which 26 continuous sleepers were dug to a depth of 220ram. Spot check two places: high and low. They are +3 1mm and +47mm respectively. The construction unit blindly opened the line when the equipment was not completely transformed and the train was not released, which brought serious safety hazards to the traffic safety.
(4) Unauthorized construction outside the skylight in violation of regulations. Individual construction units are weak in safety awareness and unilaterally pursue construction progress. Ignoring the traffic safety of the business line, unauthorized construction outside the skylight point. For example, the interchange at 555km+8 10m on Longhai Line is under construction. The construction unit uses the train interval to carry out the digging pile operation of bridge and culvert, and the diameter of the hole pile is 1.5m ... and the depth is 9.5m; Without any protection, three migrant workers removed the elastic fasteners of five continuous sleepers that had not been completed in the future, and repaired the line with the road hoist. Seriously damaged the stability of jointless track and subgrade.
(5) The use and management of mechanical equipment are not standardized. Some construction units violated the Construction Safety Agreement and used large-scale mechanical operations without authorization, and the safety protection measures were not in place. Longhai is 478 km+600 m, and the engineering department uses machinery to transport earthwork on the shoulder, without setting protection according to regulations, and the operation will not stop when the train passes; Unauthorized use of excavation machinery to remove miscellaneous soil without the cooperation of equipment management unit and unclear underground hidden facilities. The signal cable was cut off, causing signal interruption for 2 hours and 23 minutes, affecting 8 buses.
(6) The management of road materials is chaotic. There are a lot of problems in the management of waste road materials on the construction site, and people are sent to guard the materials when they are not used up. Many road materials, such as rails, sleepers, flaky, and concrete slabs of contact rods, are randomly placed between two lines: the slope of the roadside ballast bed and the sleepers of the rails, which are easy to invade the gauge and endanger the safety of the train.
(7) The management of ballast operation in some sections is out of control. During the ballast operation at 503km+Om-200m of the upstream line of Longhai, the person in charge of construction failed to formulate safety technical measures and set up protection as required. Also do not inform the equipment management department for monitoring; All the migrant workers used have not received safety training; The only guard didn't dress and wear signs as required. And leave the protective post to clear the way without authorization.
(8) Insufficient safety control ability and lack of effective supervision on major construction units. The electrification reconstruction project * * construction unit 15, and the relevant stations and sections in this section are equipment management units, mainly responsible for transportation organization and coordination, construction delivery and safety supervision. In practical work, the monitoring effect of stations and sections on the main units of construction can not be achieved. First, some construction units have resistance to the guardians appointed by the equipment management unit; Second, when the guardian issued the Notice of Safety Rectification (Shutdown), some construction units did not sign or rectify; Third, the guardians can't perform their duties in some construction sites.
(9) Labor management is not in place. First, the safety education and training of employers is a mere formality. Only oral education, no training materials and educational records, migrant workers do not know the minimum safety knowledge; Second, the labor force is unstable and comes and goes at will, and the new migrant workers go to construction without training; Third, the construction unit turned a blind eye to the illegal operation of migrant workers, and the management was slack.
(10) The construction interlocking test is not standardized. First, the interlocking test has the problem of incomplete or no original records; Second, there are spaces in the interlocking test form, which are not filled in as required and have been altered; The third is the single station interlocking test. In violation of the provisions that one person must supervise and one person must take the exam, the signature is changed to seal; Fourthly, when testing the skylight, due to the tight time and large amount of tasks, there are problems of incomplete testing or missing items.
2 Cause Analysis The above problems are not accidental, but universal. It also has its particularity. In my opinion, there are several reasons for building safety problems.
(1) Weak sense of safety responsibility. First, the construction unit unilaterally pursues economic benefits, takes the construction progress as the first priority, and pays insufficient attention to the problems existing in safety production. It always thinks that problems in construction are normal; Second, construction managers are content with the status quo, just want to get by, not too hard. I don't understand the regulations of the Ministry and the bureau on the safety management of business line construction. Various construction measures are a mere formality, and the implementation is not in place; Third, the supervision of the equipment management department is not enough, and the problems in construction safety are always considered to be the business of the construction unit, lacking the enthusiasm for immediate supervision and rectification.
(2) Lack of safety management means. First, there is a lack of understanding of new technologies, new equipment and new processes, and they don't know how to manage them, and they don't have the ability to grasp the safety key; Second, they know little about scientific management methods such as safety management engineering theory, and will not use scientific theory to guide construction safety work; Third, the safety responsibility system is not perfect and there are problems in construction safety. Relevant departments shirk each other. Even if the responsible person is found, it is easy to avoid the heavy and take the light, and replace administrative treatment with economic punishment.
(3) Humanism is serious. First, management supervision and management is weak. During the inspection, illegal operations or other serious problems are obviously found, for fear of offending people, they dare not deal with them seriously, or downplay them, roll with the punches and downgrade them. Second, the nature of the accident is not strict. Failure to strictly identify the responsibility for accidents or equipment failures caused by construction, intentionally blurring the matter and making it happen again in the assessment, will not play a role in education and prevention. The third is to value human feelings and ignore management. As long as it's okay, hello, I'm good, everyone. If we don't manage the construction scientifically and seriously study the tendentiousness in the construction, the problems will accumulate over time and it will be difficult to return. The consequences are not good, and it is too late to regret.
(4) The role of professional management is poor. First, professional departments are not strict with the quality of road equipment, and it is time-consuming and laborious to solve bad equipment after it is on the road, endangering driving safety and personal safety; Second, the trial products are confused with the finalized products, and some products that have not passed the preliminary use test are widely used, resulting in congenital deficiency of new equipment; Third, some new equipment lacks on-site investigation, the products designed and produced can not meet the on-site use, and the professional departments can not adhere to the principles in the process of receiving and using.
Some thoughts on the construction and safety of business lines; the construction and safety of business lines are a pair of contradictions in railway transportation production, which will exist for a long time with the development of railways. The higher the train speed, the higher the safety requirements; To standardize the construction management of railway business lines, we must start from the foundation, strictly control the "eight passes" of construction safety, implement the "nine no's" and "ten no's" systems of construction safety, and effectively improve the construction safety guarantee capacity of business lines. First, strict construction safety. Eight keys. "That is to say, Juzheng Express 17 is strictly put on record; Strictly prepare for out-of-range clearance before the point; Strictly control the construction work; Strictly control the on-the-job supervision of cadres; Strictly recycle old materials; Strictly control the interlocking relationship test; Strictly control dispatching orders, train routes and vouchers; Strictly control the train release conditions. The second is to implement the "nine prohibitions" system of construction safety, that is, no construction is allowed without technical organization measures for construction safety; No construction shall be carried out without a construction safety agreement; Construction is not allowed due to insufficient preparation; Only after the person in charge of construction and the guarantee cadres arrive at their posts can the construction be started; Construction cooperation personnel can only apply for -f "after they arrive at their posts; No construction is allowed without good protection; Without safety education before construction, all operators are not allowed to construct; No construction is allowed if the construction content is changed without approval; Due to bad weather and unsafe working conditions, construction is not allowed. The third is to implement the "ten prohibitions" system of construction safety, that is, the foundation of external equipment is not allowed to be built at the skylight point; Prohibit the construction beyond the scope; Prohibit overtemperature orbit operation; It is forbidden to release trains at will after construction. Blindly speed up; It is forbidden to load and unload road materials between the two main lines; It is forbidden for construction rail vehicles with poor monitoring equipment to work on the road; Prohibit construction without construction working ticket; It is forbidden to use the train interval to carry out construction that affects the safety of the main line; Prohibit the invasion of construction machines and materials; It is forbidden to steal, rob or cheat.
4 Conclusion At present, the railway has ushered in a rare development opportunity. We must update the construction concept and strengthen the management of business line construction. In the spirit of being highly responsible for the country, people and history, we should achieve safety, quality and progress in construction management, and optimize construction resources for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Source of information: China Railway Network, the first website of China railway industry.
Legal basis:
"Regulations on Railway Safety Management" Article 4 Local people's governments at all levels along the railway and relevant departments of local people's governments at or above the county level shall, according to their respective functions and duties, strengthen education on railway safety protection, implement the responsibility system for joint defense of road protection, prevent and stop acts that endanger railway safety, coordinate and deal with matters related to railway safety protection, and do a good job in railway safety protection.