Legal subjectivity:

Types of civil litigation 1. Statement of the parties. 1. The parties’ statements refer to the statements made by the parties to the court regarding the facts related to the case during the litigation. 2. Because the parties are the subject of the legal relationship in civil litigation and have a direct stake in the outcome of the litigation, the statements made by the parties are characterized by the coexistence of truth and falsehood. Therefore, when using this evidence, judges should be careful to prevent false evidence from being used as a basis for determining the facts of the case. The statements of the parties should be reviewed and verified in conjunction with other evidence in the case to determine the basis for determining the facts of the case. 2. Documentary evidence. 1. Documentary evidence refers to evidence that proves the truth of a case by recording content or expressing thoughts in words, symbols, graphics, etc. The reason why this kind of item is called documentary evidence is not only because its appearance is in written form, but more importantly, the content it records or expresses can prove the facts of the case. 2. The expression forms of documentary evidence are divided into several categories; from the perspective of the expression method of documentary evidence, there are written, printed, and engraved forms, etc. From the perspective of the carrier of documentary evidence, there are paper, bamboo, cloth, stone, etc. In terms of specific forms of expression, common forms include contracts, documents, bills, trademarks, etc. Therefore, the main form of documentary evidence is various written documents, but sometimes it also appears as various items. Documentary evidence is a commonly used type of evidence in civil litigation and plays a very important role in civil litigation. 3. Physical evidence. Physical evidence refers to evidence that proves the facts of the case based on its shape, quality, specifications, characteristics, etc. Physical evidence proves the true situation of the case through its external characteristics and its own attributes. It is not affected and restricted by people's subjective factors. Therefore, physical evidence is one of the important pieces of evidence in civil litigation. Common physical evidence in civil litigation includes: the subject matter of the dispute (houses, items, etc.); objects damaged by infringement (processed items, clothing, etc.); traces left behind (imprints, fingerprints), etc. 4. Audio-visual materials. Audio-visual materials refer to a type of evidence that uses audio recordings, video recordings, information and data stored in electronic computers to prove the facts of a case. It includes video tapes, audio recordings, fax data, film reels, microfilm, telephone recordings, radar scan data and computer storage data and information. In view of its independent characteristics, my country's Civil Procedure Law classifies it as an independent type of evidence and uses it. 5. Electronic data. Electronic data is information stored in electronic media, including electronic signatures, information obtained through recovery of formatted hard drives, etc. It is different from traditional audio-visual materials such as video and audio recordings. 6. Witness testimony. A witness refers to a person who knows the facts of a case and comes to court to testify at the request of the parties and the court's summons. The statement made by the witness to the court on the facts of the case is called a witness testimony. 7. Appraisal opinions. Appraisal opinions are professionals who use their professional knowledge to analyze and identify case evidence materials and make opinions on specialized issues, which serve as a reference for judges to judge the authenticity of relevant evidence. In terms of nature, the important difference between the appraisal opinion and other types of evidence is that the appraisal opinion itself is the subjective judgment of the appraiser based on other evidence materials. In other types of evidence, we strive to make the evidence materials consistent with the objective facts of the case and try to be separated from the subjectivity of the presenter; but in appraisal, the most valuable thing is the process of the appraiser identifying the evidence materials through subjective knowledge. 8. Inspection records. Inspection records refer to the records recorded by the judges of the people's court who, during the course of the litigation, in order to ascertain certain facts, personally inspect, take photos, and measure the sites, items or objects related to the case disputes or designate relevant personnel.

Legal objectivity:

Article 124 of the Civil Procedure Law The complaint shall state the following matters: (1) The plaintiff’s name, gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, workplace, residence, Contact information, the name, domicile of the legal person or other organization, and the name, position, and contact information of the legal representative or principal responsible person; (2) The name, gender, work unit, domicile and other information of the defendant, the name, and address of the legal person or other organization. Domicile and other information; (3) Litigation claim and the facts and reasons on which it is based; (4) Evidence and evidence sources, witness names and domiciles.